A Project Report On

Electronic Private Automatic Branch Exchange

submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Technology
in

Electronics & Communication Engineering

submitted to

GAIL (INDIA) LIMITED

MINOR TRAINING REPORT

submitted by

AMAN SHARMA

under the supervision of

Mr. Pankaj Prakash

SM, (GAILTEL)

GAIL TEL.

MEDICAPS UNIVERSITY , INDORE

SESSION 2018-19
 DECLARATION

I Aman Sharma, student of Bachelor of Engineering, Department of Electronics

and Communication Engineering, MEDICAPS UNIVERSITY, INDORE, here by
declare that the work presented in this Workshop Project is outcome of our own
work, is bonafide, correct to the best of our knowledge. This training is the
bonafide work carried out by me under the guidance of Mr. Pankaj Prakash
SM(GAILTEL).

Aman Sharma Mr. PANKAJ

PRAKASH
Medicaps , Indore ( SM,GAILTEL ) GAIL (India)
Ltd.

Vij
aip
ur
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I bow in reverence to the almighty for bestowing upon me the opportunity and determination to
embark on this study. Learning is an active process hence perseverance to complete this task has been a
pleasing memory.

I express my sincere thanks to our , General Manager Mr. Shushil Kumar (GAIL-TEL), GAIL Vijaipur, who
has been a continuous source of motivation and inspiration through out the study. I especially thank Mr.
Pankaj Prakash, HOD (GAIL-TEL), GAIL Vijaipur, for his precious direction. He has at all times been a
source of inspiration and knowledge for me.

I am also obliged to Sr. Manager Mr. Mukul Singh & Foreman Miss. Priyanka, for their valuable
guidance. They have guided and trained me whole-heartedly apart from their busy schedule.

My sincere thanks to the Sr Engineer Mr Piyush Kumar for his guidance and entire technical staff of
Electronics & Tellecommunication department , GAIL Vijaipur, for their support provided during the
study.

With deep sense of gratitude, I profoundly thank, Mr Varun Krrishna (HRD) and Mr. Brij Mohan Tiwari ,
Sr. Manager (HRD) GAIL Vijaipur, who permitted me to undertake this study at this prestigious
organization, GAIL

I also like to thanks Mr. Somani who permitted me to take this vocational training to develop interface
between theory and practical

Finally, I am indebted to my family and all my friends who provided me with their constant support and
encouragement.

AMAN SHARMA

B.E.( Elect. and Comm. Engg.)

 CONTENT
SERIAL NUMBER TITLE TITLE

# About GAIL

1. GAIL mission and

vision

2.
GAILTEL

3.
EPABX

4.
Hosted PBX system

5.
IP PBX system

6.
SDH
 ABOUT GAIL
GAIL (India) Ltd. is India's largest natural gas company, ranked amongst top gas utilities in Asia. Its
business activities range from Gas transmission and Marketing to Gas Processing; transmission of
liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG); production and marketing of Petrochemicals. It also has presence in
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) re-gasification, City Gas Distribution and Exploration & Production
through equity and joint venture participations. Further, GAIL has also diversified into solar, wind
power re-generation and Telecom business.

Currently, GAIL has around 12,000 km of pipeline network of Natural Gas (NG) and Liquefied
Petroleum Gas (LPG). This PAN-India network shall further expand to around 17,000 kms by the year
2019. GAIL (India) Limited was incorporated in August 1984 as a Central Public Sector Undertaking (PSU)
under the Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas (MoP&NG). The company was formerly known as Gas
Authority of India Limited. It is India's principal gas transmission and marketing

company. The company was initially given the responsibility of construction, operation and
maintenance of the Hazira –

Vijaypur – Jagdishpur (HVJ) pipeline project. It was one of the largest cross country natural gas pipeline
projects in the world. This 1750-kilometre-long pipeline was built at a cost of ₹17 billion

(US$250 million) and it laid the foundation for development of market for natural gas in India. GAIL
commissioned the 1,750

kilometres (1,090 mi) Hazira-Vijaipur-Jagdishpur (HVJ) pipeline in 1991.

Between 1991 and 1993, three liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) plants were constructed and some
regional pipelines

acquired, enabling GAIL to begin its gas transportation in various parts of India.

GAIL began its city gas distribution in New Delhi in 1997 by setting up nine compressed natural gas
(CNG)
 MISSON OF GAIL
To accelerate and optimize the effective and economic use of natural gas and its fraction for the
benefit of the national economy.

VISSION OF GAIL
Be the leading company in natural gas and beyond , with Global focus,Commited to Customer Care ,
Value Creation for all Stakeholders and Environmental Responsibility.
 GAILTEL
GAILTEL, the Telecom & Telemetry services arm of GAIL (India) Limited, is providing communication
services for its business critical pipeline Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), Enterprise
Resource Planning (ERP) for automation of organization-wide business processes/functions,
inter/intra office communications, CCTV systems, IT services, etc. apart from commercially leasing
telecohm services to telecom operators across India since2001.

GAILTEL has laid OFC and telecom infrastructure along the NG and LPG pipeline within existing Right
of Way (RoW) through setting up of required facilities and operating the same as per applicable rules
and regulations. GAILTEL has more than 90 nos. of experienced Telecom executives for O&M and
execution of Projects in PAN-India

GAILTEL network.
Currently, GAILTEL has a reach of around 12000 Km of OFC network along GAIL’s reliable cross country
pipelines connecting more than 100 towns/cities across India. Additionally, GAILTEL also has a non-
pipeline OFC network of approx. 1500 kms along major Highways covering major-cities. GAILTEL
services include long term lease of Dark Fibre under IRU, Tower space, collocation facilities and point-
to-point leased line Bandwidth services. GAILTEL PAN-India OFC network is built largely along the
highly secured GAIL’s cross country pipeline corridor and ensure highly reliable and error free service
to its internal & external customers.

The PAN-India GAILTEL network is managed centrally on 24X7 basis from a state-of-art Network
Management Centre (NOCC) at Noida. Further, OFC maintenance teams are deployed for round the
clock O&M of OFC network.
 EPABX
( Electronic Private Automatic Branch exchange)

EPABX is an abbreviation that stands for Electronic Private Automatic Branch Exchange. It comes under
the category of business phone systems which serve a business environment. Multi-line connections
can be made through a single telephonic connection. It is an office equipment of immense use for
telephonic connectivity with extensions of a single phone line. It can be rented from office equipment
suppliers too. A private branch exchange (PBX) is a telephone exchange that serves a particular
business or office, as opposed to one that a common carrier or telephone company operates for many
businesses or for the general public. PBXs are also referred to as PABX – private automatic branch
exchange and EPABX.
The electronic private automatic branch exchange (EPABX) is equipment that has made day-to-day
working in the offices much simpler, especially in the area of communication. The EPABX may be
defined as a switching system that makes available both internal and external stitching functions of
any organisation.The selection of an EPBAX is a difficult task and requires deep knowledge of traffic
pattern of the office. By using an EPABX both the internal and external needs of the organisation are
fully served. With the advent of powerful microprocessors and advancements in the field of
computers, the EPBAX can boast of versatil features.

Hotline can be established between the boss and his immediate subordinates.

The feature of a call transferring and forwarding is another area enabling mobility of the users.
Autoconferencing and automatic redialling of numbers found engaged on the first trial are some of
other advancements in the featu
res of the EPBAX
The selection of an EPBAX for an organisation should be preceded by a thorough study of the needs of
the office. The exchange should be supporting features like voice DISA-n-auto attendant. This feature
helps in doing away with a receptionist or an attendant. Further, the specifications should ensure
inbuilt paging, auto fax homing, hot outward dialing, remote dialing, remote servicing and auto shut
dynamic lock. T1.105. which define the set of transmission formats and transmission rates in the
range above 51.840 Mbit/s
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF EPABX
All businesses that have multiple extensions lines need a PBX, but that doesn’t have to mean a hefty
price tag each month. Technology like Internet calling creates monthly saving for all aspects of the
phone system, including the PBX.

A PBX (Private Branch Exchange) is the software that connects multiple incoming calls to the right
company departments, and connects internal office calls with each other. With a PBX, incoming calls
first reach the automated attendant that helps direct the call to the right department and employee
extension line with a friendly pre-recorded voice. Outgoing calls are routed through the PBX to
connect to outside callers.

1. Traditional PBX

A traditional PBX connects callers through multiple phone lines to multiple extensions, as stated
above. Unlike the other entries on this list, this type of PBX uses traditional landlines to make and
connect calls. Other types of PBX systems use Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) technology for
cheap Internet calling, meaning this type of PBX system is more expensive to run. They also require a
large amount of equipment with expensive down-payments and maintenance fees.

Many businesses already have these legacy systems in place from before VoIP was popular, and so
businesses picking a PBX today should almost never go with an outdated traditional model.
Businesses that already have the IT department to maintain and support such a system are the only
ones that would use it, and even then only if they already have one.

2. IP PBX

An IP PBX is strictly an upgrade to a traditional PBX. Like a traditional PBX, there is a large start-up
cost to purchase and install the network, but overall costs are lower and more features are available
thanks to VoIP calling. A business VoIP phone system saves businesses around 50% on the average
phone bill.

An IP PBX is also easier to maintain. Traditional PBX systems are limited by the number of phone lines
they have, while an IP PBX is only limited by bandwidth space on a company’s Internet connection.
Since the call data is compressed into digital packets, each call takes up very little space.
An IP PBX is good for companies that want direct control over exactly how their PBX is configured in-
house, and don’t want to pay subscription fees associated with other PBX options.

3. Hosted PBX

A hosted Vo IP PBX is the most popular option for businesses. A hosted PBX is operated off-site
maintained by a VoIP provider. Since it is at an off-site location, businesses simply pay a low monthly fee
to have all of the advantages of a PBX phone system with none of the headache. Since there is no initial
investment, a hosted PBX option is almost always the best choice for a small business.

Even businesses that can afford a PBX system of their own might want to save money by using a
hosted PBX system. A good rule of thumb is that if a business has more than 20 people operating
phones, it will be cheaper in the long run to operate an IP PBX of their own, but every case will be
different.

4. Virtual PBX

A virtual PBX is almost exactly the same as a hosted PBX and is often called a cloud PBX. These usually
cost less than their hosted PBX counterparts, but also offer fewer features.

Often, a virtual PBX will only run internal calls through the Internet, so companies that don’t make a
lot of external calls find them attractive. For businesses that only need to use a few calling features
like voicemail and hold music, a cheap virtual PBX may be the way to go.

In any case, a VoIP PBX will save a business time and money, while increasing sales. By managing
phone lines effectively, companies with PBX systems installed can pay for fewer phone lines overall
and take advantage of cheap VoIP calling for yearly savings.
 SYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL HIERARCHY
Synchronous optical networking (SONET) and synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) are standardized
protocols that transfer multiple digital bit streams synchronously over optical fiber using lasers or
highly coherent light from light-emitting diodes (LEDs).

At low transmission rates data can also be transferred via an electrical interface. The method was
developed to replace the plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH) system for transporting large
amounts of telephone calls and data traffic over the same fiber without synchronization problems.
SONET and SDH, which are essentially the same, were originally designed to transport circuit mode
communications (e.g., DS1, DS3) from a variety of different sources, but they were primarily designed
to support real-time, un compressed, circuit-switched voice encoded in PCM format.[1]

The primary difficulty in doing this prior to SONET/SDH was that the synchronization sources of these
various circuits were different. This meant that each circuit was actually operating at a slightly
different rate and with different phase. SONET/SDH allowed for the simultaneous transport of many
different circuits of differing origin within a single framing protocol.

SONET/SDH is not a communications protocol in itself, but a transport protocol. Due to SONET/SDH's
essential protocol neutrality and transport-oriented features, SONET/SDH was the obvious choice for
transporting the fixed length Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) frames also known as cells. It
quickly

evolved mapping structures and concatenated payload containers to transport ATM connections. In
other words, for ATM (and eventually other protocols such as Ethernet), the internal complex
structure previously used to transport circuit-oriented connections was removed and replaced with a
large and concatenated frame (such as STS-3c) into which ATM cells, IP packets, or Ethernet frames
are placed.

Both SDH and SONET are widely used today: SONET in the United States and

Canada, and SDH in the rest of the world. Although the SONET standards were

developed before SDH, it is considered a variation of SDH because of SDH's greater world wide market
penetration. SONET is subdivided into four sub layer with some factor such as the path, line, section
and physical layer. The SDH standard was originally defined by the European Telecommunications
Standards Institute (ETSI), and is formalised as International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
standardsG.707, G.783,G.784, and G.803.The SONET standard was defined by Telcor dia and American
National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard
T1.105. which define the set of transmission formats and transmission rates in the range above 51.840
Mbit/s
What is SDH?
Introduction:

• SDH is the short form of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy.

• This term is used in digital multiplexers installed in telephone exchanges.

• It is European standard similar to SONET which is an American standard.

• It supports different topologies viz. point-point, star, ring etc.

• It multiplexes inputs having same bit rate and derived from common clock source. Hence the name
"synchronous".

• Word interleaving is used to combine signals

Benefits or advantages of SDH
Following are the benefits or advantages of SDH:

➨ A more simplified multiplexing and demultiplexing technique.

➨ Synchronous networking and SDH supports multipoint networking.

➨ Capability of transporting existing PDH signals.

➨ Easy growth to higher bit rates which enhances the administration and maintenance process.

➨ It is capable of transporting broadband signals.

➨ It is multivendor and supports different operators.

➨ It provides network transport services on LAN such as video conferencing, and interactive
multimedia.

➨ Optical fibre bandwidth can be increased without limit in SDH.

➨ Switching protection to traffic is offered by rings.

➨ SDH allows quick recovery from failure.

Drawbacks or disadvantages of SDH

Following are the disadvantages of SDH:

➨It offers lower bandwidth utilization ratio compare to PDH due to many OH bytes used for OAM.

➨Direct adding/dropping of lower-rate signal is achieved using pointers. This increases complexity of
the system.

➨Software is used largely in SDH system. Hence it is vulnerable to computer viruses.

➨It requires complicated SDH equipments due to variety of management traffic types and options.

➨It can not carry E2 due to unavailability of container.

 REFFERENCE

www.gailonline.com

www.wikipedia.org

www.neptel.ac.in