EXERCISE 4: TISSUES

EPITHELIAL TISSUES
- lines, covers and makes up glandular tissues
- exhibits cellularity
- avascular
Functions:
1.  Protection

2.  Absorption

3.  Filtration

4.  Secretion
EPITHELIAL TISSUES
CLASSIFICATION:
1.  According to number of cell layers
a.  Simple
b.  Stratified

2.  According to types of cells

a.  Squamous
b.  Cuboidal
c.  Columnar
d.  transitional
SIMPLE EPITHELIAL TISSUES
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
SIMPLE EPITHELIAL TISSUES
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
SIMPLE EPITHELIAL TISSUES
SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
SIMPLE EPITHELIAL TISSUES
PSUEDOSTRATIFIED CILIATED EPITHELIUM
STRATIFIED EPITHELIAL TISSUES
STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
STRATIFIED EPITHELIAL TISSUES
STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL AND COLUMNAR
EPITHELIUM
- rare type
- found only in ducts and large glands
STRATIFIED EPITHELIAL TISSUES
TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM
 EPITTHELIAL GLANDS
¢  One or more cells that make and secrete a
product.
¢  Secretion = protein in aqueous solution:
hormones, acids, oils.
¢  Endocrine glands
—  No duct, release secretion into blood vessels
—  Often hormones
—  Thyroid, adrenal and pituitary glands
¢  Exocrine glands
—  Contain ducts, empty onto epithelial surface
—  Sweat, Oil glands, Salivary glands, Mammary glands.
TYPES OF EXOCRINE GLANDS

§ Branching
§  Simple – single, unbranched duct
§  Compound – branched.
§ Shape: tubular or alveolar
§  Tubular – shaped like a tube
§  Alveolar – shaped like flasks or sacs
§  Tubuloalveolar – has both tubes and
sacs in gland
CONNECTIVE TISSUES
- most abundant primary tissue in the body

Functions:
1.  Connect and bind body parts

2.  Protect organs

3.  Provide frameworks for movement of muscles

4.  Serve as insulator

5.  Act as liquid medium for transport of

substances
EMBRYONIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE
MUCOUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE (WHARTON
JELLY)

+ loose connective tissue

+ main constituent of the
umbilical cord
¢  consists of widely scattered
fibroblasts embedded in
jellylike ground substance
¢  contains fine collagen fibers
LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
LOOSE CONNECTIFVE TISSUE
RETICULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
LOOSE CONNECTIFVE TISSUE
ADIPOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
DENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
 DENSE IRREGULAR
CONNECTIVE TISSUE

¢  consists of collagen fibers

randomly arranged and
few fibroblast;
¢  Dermis of skin and
capsules of many organs
(pericardium of the heart),
perichondrium of
cartilage, periosteum,
dermis;
¢  provides strength
CARTILAGE
- dense, firm but pliable
- avascular
- extracellular matrix is composed of
collagenous and elastic fibers

3 types
1.  Hyaline cartilage

2.  Elastic cartilage

3.  Fibrocartilage
CARTILAGE : HYALINE CARTILAGE
CARTILAGE
ELASTIC CARTILAGE
CARTILAGE
FIBROCARTILAGE
BONE OR OSSEOUS TISSUE
- hardest among connective tissues
- made up of osteocytes
Functions:
1.  Provides strength and support
2.  Protects internal organs (brain)
3.  Attachment sits for muscles and ligaments
4.  Works with skeletal muscle for movement

2 types
1.  Compact bone
2.  Spongy bone
BONE OR OSSEOUS TISSUE
COMPACT BONE
BONE OR OSSEOUS TISSUE
SPONGY BONE
BLOOD OR VASCULAR TISSUE
- composed of blood cells, fibers and matrix
MUSCULAR TISSUE
- specialized for contraction
- highly vascularized and innervated
- extensible, elastic and contractile

3 types
1.  Skeletal muscle

2.  Cardiac muscle

3.  Smooth muscle

MUSCULAR TISSUE
SKELETAL MUSCLE
MUSCULAR TISSUE
CARDIAC MUSCLE
MUSCULAR TISSUE
SMOOTH MUSCLE
NERVOUS TISSUE
- found in the brain, spinal cord and nerves

2 cell types:
1.  Neurons or nerve cells
a.  Monopolar
b.  Bipolar
c.  Multipolar

2.  Neuroglia
- serve as supporting tissues
- insulate, support and protect neurons
NERVOUS TISSUE
MONOPOLAR
NERVOUS TISSUE
BIPOLAR
NERVOUS TISSUE
MULTIPOLAR
B. NEUROGLIAL CELLS
1. Astrocytes

•  Structural support

•  Form scar tissues

after injury to CNS
(e.g cerebral infarct)
B. NEUROGLIAL CELLS
2. Oligodendrocytes
•  Live symbiotically with neurons in
the CNS
•  Located both in gray and white
matter
•  Produces myelin that insulates and
protects axons
B. NEUROGLIAL CELLS
3. Schwann Cells
•  Flat cells, few mitochondria and GA
•  From neural crest cells
•  Protect and insulate neuron in PNS
•  For regeneration of nerve fiber
B. NEUROGLIAL CELLS
4. Microglia

3. Microglia
- phagocytic
- remove bacteria and cell
debris from the CNS
- distributed in GM and WM
- secrete cytokines
B. NEUROGLIAL CELLS
5. Ependymal cells

¢  linethe neural tube and

ventricles of the brain and
spinal cord
¢  transport and circulation of
the CSF
¢  low columnar/cuboidal
¢  no basal lamina
¢  Contribute to formation of
choroid plexus
B. NEUROGLIAL CELLS
5. Ependymal cells