(Sumber : Reklaitis,1983)
1
Tabel 2. Data panas kapasitas panas liquid komponen pada suhu 298,15 K
No. Komponen A B C D E
1 C4H10 66,7088 -0,185523 0,001528440 -0,000002187920 0,00000000104577000
2 C5H12 83,1454 -0,241925 0,001946530 -0,000002807490 0,00000000135276000
3 O2 29,8832 -0,0113842 0,00004337790 -0,000000037008 0,00000000001010060
4 N2 29,4119 -0,0030068 0,00000545064 -0,00000000513186 -0,00000000000425308
5 C4H2O3 -72,015 1,0423 -0,0018716 0,000001652700 -0,00000000055647
6 CO 29,0063 -0,0024924 -0,000018644 0,000000047989 -0,00000000002872660
7 CO2 19,0223 0,0796291 -7,37067E-05 0,0000000374572 -0,00000000000813304
8 H2O 34,0471 -0,0096506 3,29983E-05 -0,000000020447 0,00000000000430228
9 C16H22O4 148,647 -0,31458 0,0045159 -0,000006599600 0,00004549847838873
Cp = A + BT + CT2 + DT3 + ET4
𝑇
∫𝑇𝑜 Cp = A(T-To)+ B(T2-To2)/2 + C(T3-To3)/3 + D(T4-To4)/4 + E(T5-To5)/5
kJ/(kmol.K)
(Sumber : Reklaitis,1983)
2
c. Data-data panas entalpi vaporisasi
Tout : 35 oC =308,15 K
Tref : 25 oC =298,15 K
P : 2 atm
1
2
N2 Fan Udara N2
O2 (F-1) O2
3
= ∑ N1 komponen 298,15 ∫
308,15
Qin = Qout Cp dT
= 5.142.041,73 kJ/jam
Fungsi : Memanaskan udara (N2 dan O2) dari suhu 35 oC menjadi 175 oC
sebagai umpan masukan ke Reaktor.
Tref : 25 oC =298,15 K
P : 2 atm
Steam
T=120,2⁰C
2 P= 2 atm 3
N2 Heater N2
O2 H-1 O2
Kondensat
T = 120⁰C
P= 2 atm
4
Qout (3) = ∑ N3 komponen 298,15∫ 448,15 Cp dT
= 77.134.088,23 kJ/jam
Fungsi : Menurunkan tekanan gas n-Butana dan Pentana dari 2 atm menjadi
4 atm .
Tout : 35 oC =308,15 K
Tref : 25 oC =298,15 K
P in : 2 atm
P out : 4 atm
5
C4H10
C4H10
C5H12
C5H12
4 5
= ∑ N4 komponen 298,15 ∫
308,15
Qin = Qout Cp dT
= 64.610,73 kJ/jam
Fungsi : Memanaskan gas (C4H10 dan C5H12) dari suhu 35 oC menjadi 175
o
C sebagai umpan masukan ke Reaktor.
Tref : 25 oC =298,15 K
P : 2 atm
6
Heater -2 C4H10
C4H10 Hh
(H-2) C5H12
C5H12 5 6
7
e. Neraca Panas T-Joint Mixer (M-1)
Fungsi : Mencampurkan udara (O2 dan N2 ) dan gas (C4H10 dan C5H12)
sebelum masuk ke Reaktor.
Tref : 25 oC =298,15 K
P : 2 atm
N2
O2 3
7 N2
O2
C4H10
C5H12
C4H10 6
C5H12
8
f. Neraca Panas Heater 3 (H-3)
Fungsi : Memanaskan udara (O2 dan N2 ) dan gas (C4H10 dan C5H12) dari
suhu 325 oC menjadi 390 oC.
Tref : 25 oC =298,15 K
P : 2 atm
8 9
Heater 3
N2 (H-3) He
N2
O2
O2
C4H10
C4H10
C5H12
C5H12
= 156.723.283,38 kJ/jam
9
Menghitung Kebutuhan Steam
ΔHin + ΔHsteam = ΔHout
ΔHsteam = ΔHout – ΔHin
ΔHsteam = ΔHout(9) – ΔHin(8)
= 190.558.395,27 kJ/jam - 156.723.283,38 kJ/jam
= 33.835.111,90 kJ/jam
Tref : 25 oC =298,15 K
P : 2 atm
10
N2
10 O2
9
FBR-1 C4H10
C5H12
H2O
N2
C4H2O3
O2
CO
C4H10
CO2
C5H12
= 191.047.485,68 kJ/jam
Reaksi utama:
Reaksi samping:
Δ H fo O2 = 0,00 kJ/mol
Δ H fo CO = - 110,53 kJ/mol
11
Jika ΔH nilai negatif maka reaksi bersifat eksotermis sedangkan jika ΔH bersifat
positif maka reaksi eksotermis
Reaksi 1:
= -1260,6 kJ/mol
Reaksi 2:
= -1526,2 kJ/mol
Reaksi 3:
= (4 ΔHfo CO2+ 5 ΔHfo H2O) – (ΔHfo n-C4 H10 + 6,5 ΔHfo O2)
= -2658,6 kJ/mol
12
Tabel 11. Tabel Neraca Energi Fixed Bed Reaktor-1 (FBR-1)
Energi Masuk (Qin) Energi keluar (Qout)
Komponen Aliran 9 Aliran 10
kJ/jam kJ/jam
O2 42.067.996,28 39.448.124,55
N2 145.106.693,41 145.106.693,41
C4H10 3.280.349,10 492.129,99
C5H12 103.356,48 103.356,48
CO 0,00 436.595,67
CO2 0,00 695.245,08
C4H2O3 0,00 1.724.764,53
H2O 0,00 3.040.575,97
Steam 489.090,04 0,00
Total 191.047.485,68 191.047.485,68
Fungsi : alat penukar panas yang dapat digunakan untuk memanfaatkan atau
mengambil panas dari suatu fluida untuk dipindahkan ke fluida lain
Tref : 25 oC =298,15 K
P : 2 atm
13
N2
O2 N2
C4H10 O2
7 C5H12 C4H10
C5H12
10 H2O
HE-1 C4H2O3
11 CO
N2
CO2
O2
8
C4H10
N2
C5H12
O2
H2O
C4H10
C4H2O3
C5H12
CO
CO2
= 112.671.635,64 kJ/jam
= 67.566,93 kJ/jam
14
Tabel 12. Tabel Neraca Energi Heat Exchanger -1 (HE-1)
Energi Masuk (Qin) Energi keluar (Qout)
Komponen Aliran 7 Aliran 10 Aliran 8 Aliran 11
kJ/jam kJ/jam kJ/jam kJ/jam
N2 60.372.479,37 39.448.124,55 34.246.523,72 86.291.147,55
O2 16.761.608,86 145.106.693,41 119.833.411,46 22.732.435,33
C4H10 1.110.750,04 492.129,99 2.562.578,70 255.310,23
C5H12 35.028,14 103.356,48 133.460,98 53.659,03
CO 0,00 436.595,67 0,00 257.045,33
CO2 0,00 695.245,08 0,00 387.837,74
C4H2O3 0,00 1.724.764,53 0,00 940.716,42
H2O 0,00 3.040.575,97 0,00 1.753.484,02
Steam 67.566,93 0,00 0,00
Total 269.394.919,02 269.394.919,02
Fungsi : Menurunkan suhu atau mendinginkan dari suhu 240 oC menjadi 100 oC
Tref : 25 oC =298,15 K
P : 2 atm
N2
N2
O2
O2
C4H10
C4H10
C5H12 12
11 C5H12
H2O
H2O
C4H2O3
C4H2O3
CO
CO
CO2
CO2
15
= N12 C4H10 298.15∫ 298.15 ∫
373,15
Qout(12) cp.dT + N12 C5H12 373,15
cp.dT + N12 C4H2O3
298.15 ∫ N12 CO 298.15 ∫373,15 cp.dT + N12 CO2 298.15∫373,15 cp.dT + N12 N2
373,15
+
298.15 ∫ + N12 O2 298.15∫373,15 cp.dT + N12 H2O 298.15∫373,15 cp.dT
373,15
= 39.254.569,55 kJ/jam
= -73,417,066.10 kJ/jam
16
j. Neraca Energi 3-Way Valve 2 (V-2)
Fungsi : tempat jalur recycle dan tempat backup dibutil phatalat (C16H22O4)
Kondisi operasi : Tin18,19 : 35 oC = 308,15 K
Tout : 35 oC = 308,15 K
Tref : 25 oC =298,15 K
P : 2 atm
19 C16H22O4
C16H22O4
17 C4H2O3
C16H22O4 18
C4H2O3
Qin (18) = N14 C4H2O3 298.15∫308,15 cp.dT + N14 C16H22O4 298.15∫308,15 cp.dT
= 181,27 kj/jam + 108885734,68 kj/jam
= 108885915,96 kJ/jam
= 109078293,58 kJ/jam
17
Tabel 14. Tabel Neraca Energi 3-Way Valve 2 (V-2)
Komponen Energi masuk (Qin) Energi keluar (Qout)
kJ/jam kJ/jam
aliran 18 aliran 19 aliran 17
C4H2O3 181,27 0 181,27
C16H22O4 108.885.734,68 192.377,62 109.078.112,31
Sub Total 108.885.915,96 192.377,62 109.078.293,58
Total 109.078.293,58 109.078.293,58
Tout17 : 35 oC = 308,15 K
Tout14 : 35 oC = 308,15 K
Tref : 25 oC =298,15 K
P : 2 atm
18
N2
O2
C4H10
C5H12
13
H2O
C4H2O3
CO
CO2
17
12
C16H22O4
N2 C4H2O3
O2
C4H10
C5H12
H2O
C16H22O4
C4H2O3
14 C4H2O3
CO
CO2
= 38.961.173,09 kJ/jam
Qin (14) = N14 C4H2O3 298.15∫308,15 cp.dT + N14 C16H22O4 298.15∫308,15 cp.dT
= 36470,09 kj/jam + 109078112,31 kj/jam
= 109.114.582,40 kJ/jam
19
Tabel 15. Tabel Neraca Energi Absorber -1 (ABS-1)
Komponen Energi masuk (Qin) Energi Keluar (Qout)
Kj/jam Kj/jam
Aliran 12 Aliran 17 Aliran 13 Aliran 14
N2 30.265.100,81 0,00 30.265.100,81 36470,09
O2 7.784.456,24 0,00 7.784.456,24 0,00
C4H10 76.451,12 0,00 76.451,12 0,00
C5H12 16.069,99 0,00 16.069,99 0,00
CO 90.086,62 0,00 90.086,62 0,00
CO2 126.795,02 0,00 126.795,02 0,00
C4H2O3 293.676,76 181,27 274,81 36.470,09
H2O 601.932,99 0,00 601.932,99 0,00
C16H22O4 0,00 109.078.112,31 0,00 109.078.112,31
Sub Total 39.254.569,55 109.078.293,58 38.961.167,60 109.114.582,40
Steam -257.113,13 0,00
Total 148.075.750,00 148.075.750,00
Tref : 25 oC =298,15 K
P : 2 atm
20
C16H22O4
18 C4H2O3
C16H22O4
C4H2O3
HE-2
C16H22O4 15 16
C4H2O3
28
C16H22O4
C4H2O3
Qin (28) = N28 C4H2O3 298.15∫543,15 cp.dT + N28 C16H22O4 298.15∫543,15 cp.dT
= 5446,35 kj/jam + 11568805967,51kj/jam
= 11.568.811.413,86 kj/jam
Qout (16) = N16 C4H2O3 298.15∫543,15 cp.dT + N16 C16H22O4 298.15∫543,15 cp.dT
= 1.095.736,78 kj/jam + 11.589.245.554,03 kj/jam
= 11.590.341.290,81 kj/jam
21
Tabel 16. Tabel Neraca Energi Heat Exchanger -2 (HE-2)
Komponen Energi masuk (Qin) Energi keluar (Qout)
kj/jam kj/jam
aliran 15 aliran 28 aliran 16 aliran 18
C4H2O3 36.470,09 5.446,35 1.095.736,78 181,27
C16H22O4 109.078.112,31 11.568.805.967,51 11.589.245.554,03 108.885.734,68
Sub Total 109.114.582,40 11.568.811.413,86 11.590.341.290,81 108.885.915,95
Steam 21.301.210,50 0,00
Total 11.699.227.206,76 11.699.227.206,76
Tin = 523,15 K
Tout = 573,15 K
22
- Perhitungan Panas Keluar D-1
Aliran Komponen Nsenyawa Cp, liquid Hvl, Vapor Cp, gas Qout
kmol/jam kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/jam
A-22 C4H2O3 32,03 29.567,44 54.810,40 15.283,37 3.192.195,83
C16H22O4 0,06 183.613,64 92.698,40 0,00 15.665,03
Qtotal keluar 3.207.860,86
Tin = 573,15 K
Tout = 355,15 K
23
- Perhitungan Panas Masuk CD-1
Tin = 353,15 K
Tout = 325,15 K
24
- Perhitungan Panas Masuk PT-1
Q = 38.247,02 - 53.130,16
Q = - 14.883,14 kJ/jam
m = Q/Cp udara
m = 14779,68 kg/jam
25