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Designing Pre Engineered Structure

May 2nd, 2012 - 1 year, 279 days ago Sapna Kulshrestha


PEB | Viewed times | No Comments

Pre-engineered steel buildings use a combination of built-up sections, hot rolled


sections, cold formed elements and profiled steel sheets which provide the basic steel frame work with a
choice of single skin sheeting with added insulation or insulated sandwich panels for roofing and wall
cladding or brick wall. Planning of the PEB buildings and arranging of different building components is a
very important step for the designer before proceeding with the design of each component. The following
building configurations significantly affect the building stability and cost.

 Main Frame configuration (orientation, type, roof slope , eave height)


 Roof purlins spacing
 Wall girts (connection & spacing)
 End wall system
 Expansion joints
 Bay spacing
 Bracing systems arrangement
 Mezzanine floor beams/columns (orientation & spacing)
 Crane systems

The entire primary framing members and secondary structural members


are pre-sheared, pre-punched, pre-drilled, pre-welded and pre-formed in the factories before shipping to site
for erection. Quality of building part is assured as buildings are manufactured completely in the factory under
controlled conditions. At the job site, the pre-fabricated components are then fixed and jointed with bolt
connections. Saving of material on low stress area of the primary framing members makes pre-engineered
buildings more economical than conventional steel buildings especially for low rise buildings spanning up to
60.0 meters with eave heights up to 30.0 meters. As Gautam Suri, CTO & Founder Director, Interarch
Building Products stated, “Pre engineered steel framed building is designed on the principle of the structure
as an independent load bearing frame carrying both vertical and lateral loads down to the building
foundations. This eliminates the external wall as a load bearing element and allows the development of large
window areas, curtain walling and cladding systems.”
Structural analysis

In conventional steel buildings, mill-produced hot rolled sections (beams and


columns) are used, selected on the basis of the maximum internal stress in the member. However, the hot
rolled section has a constant depth and therefore these members in areas of low internal stresses are in excess
of design requirements. In contrast, frames of pre-engineered buildings (PEB) are made from an extensive
inventory of standard steel plates. PEB frames are normally tapered and often have flanges and webs of
variable thickness along the individual members. The frame geometry matches the shape of the internal stress
(bending moment) thus optimizing material usage and reducing the total weight of the structure. Furthermore,
PEB system focuses on using pre-designed connections and pre-determined material stock to design and
fabricate the building structures, thus significantly reducing the time for design, fabrication and installation.
The buildings can be fitted with different structural accessories including mezzanine floors, crane runway
beams, roof platform, catwalk and aesthetic features such as canopies, fascias and interior partitions. Also, the
buildings are made water proof by use of standing seam roof system, roof drainage components and trims.

K.K Mitra, Vice President, Lloyd Insulations (India) Ltd briefed on the Design
codes that govern the design procedures and calculations of pre engineered building.

 Frame members (hot rolled or built-up) are in accordance with AISC (American Institute of Steel
Construction) Specifications for the design, fabrication and erection of structural steel.
 Light gauge cold-formed members are designed in accordance with AISI (American Iron and Steel
Institute) Specification for the design of light gauge cold formed steel structural members.
 IS: 8750 – 1987 : Code of practice for design loads of buildings & structures.
 IS: 800 – 1984 : Code of practice for general construction in steel.
 IS: 801-1975 : Code of practice for use of Cold formed light gauge Steel Structural Members in
general building Construction

Design software

The steel industry now offers custom-designed metal buildings to fulfil the
particular needs of each project. And with the advent of advanced software, the design possibilities have
become almost limitless in PEB structure design. For example, StruMBS from AceCad Software was
developed to address the need for pre-engineered building manufacturers to have access to an all
encompassing design, fabrication and construction software solution. Sanjey Gandhi, Sr. Design Engineer,
Exin Engineering Services, Ahmedabad, elaborates, “The StruMBS software delivers seamless interaction
between pre-engineered building design and detailing software (MBS), 3D real time project visualization and
project tracking (StruWalker) and the most comprehensive Management Information System for steelwork
fabricators (StruM.I.S). “

Likewise, Bentley’s STAAD Pro is one of the popular structural engineering software products for 3D model
generation, analysis and multi-material design. It has an intuitive, user-friendly, visualization tools, powerful
analysis and design facilities and seamless integration to several other modelling and design software
products. Staad pro meets the requirements of ISO 9001 certification and has building codes for most of the
countries and the general purpose software for integrated structural analysis and design. Zeppelin Mobile
Systems India Ltd is one of the companies using STAADPRO software for design and analysis of PEB. As
per the company, the software can easily calculate the live load, dead load, seismic load and wind load and
has been approved by various government departments and also by MBMA (Metal Building Manufacturer’s
Association).

Similarly, Tekla Structures is another design tool for PEB


systems. The software contains almost all the PEB industry components and has inbuilt detail connection
library. This provides the user with a global choice where user picks relevant connection as per the need. It
has special macros to place and modify box girder, tapered column, tapered, beams, trusses, towers. The .net
Excel plug-in all system components can be plugged into user’s own office connection design spreadsheets.
While its custom component, gives flexibility to user to work inside the system without any programming
knowledge which is the need of PEB industry from detailing point of view. This feature is password protected
and user becomes owner of that component. Stadd-Pro, Tekla Structure, MBS and AutoCAD are among the
few design and detailing software in use at the Era Buildsys Ltd (EBL) Design Centre, to offer efficient
designing facility, enabling the company to deliver quick, accurate and cost effective solutions.

Alternatively, some companies prefer using proprietary software which follow standard codes regulating
Indian building industry rather than international software options that are designed mostly as per American
standards. For instance, Zamil Industries, parent company of Zamil Steel Buildings India Pvt Ltd employs in-
house developed software including INTLEST (Intelligent Building Estimator) AGOSED (Automatic
Generator of Shop and Erection Drawings), ASFAD (Advanced Structural Frame Analysis and Design) and
EZ-Build.
Another of the software ‘MBS’ (Metal Building Software) offers complete
design and detailing of pre-engineered metal buildings (PEB). It does the design with choice of over 30 US
and international building codes and details the building according to customized detailing methods. MBS
also help create an accurate bill of materials and cost and develops a complete set of customized erection
drawings and detailed shop drawings along with 3D view. Manish Garg, President, PEB Division, Everest
Industries Ltd, says, “As the available versions of design soft ware for pre engineered buildings design were
not according to Indian codes, Everest Industries customized the software by Metal Building Software Inc.
(MBS), USA to develop a version that suited Indian geographical conditions. The Everest-MBS is now used
for designing all pre engineered steel buildings, which reduces design time significantly and eliminates error.”

For the similar reason, international software like AutoCAD Structural Detailing, built on the familiar
AutoCAD platform, too offers templates that comply with detailing practices in a multitude of countries
ensuring automatic adherence to local detailing methods and appropriate elements or material schedules.
Moreover, with direct links between AutoCAD Structural Detailing and Autodesk® Revit Structure software,
structural information within the building information model (BIM) can be extended from design directly to
fabrication.

Pre-engineered Advantages

Pre-engineered metal building concept has formed a unique position in the construction industry in view of it
being ideally suited to the needs of modern engineering and for providing economically viable large
enclosures with thermal and acoustical features. Some of the inherent advantages include:
Ability to span long distances: Structural trusses require substantial design and fabricating time in
comparison to PEB gabled structures than can span 100 ft or more in a cost-effective manner. The well-fitting
pre-engineered components are assembled by few construction workmen. Faster erection means less-
expensive field labour.
Cost efficiency: As each structural member is designed for near-total efficiency, it minimizes material
wastage. Less labour and less material translate into lower cost of up to 10 to 20% compared to conventional
building systems.
Flexibility of expansion: Metal buildings are relatively easy to expand by lengthening which involves
disassembling bolted connections and installing an additional clear-spanning frame. The removed end wall
framing can often be reused in the new location. Matching roof and wall panels are then added to complete
the expanded building envelope.
Low maintenance: A typical metal building system with pre-finished metal panels and standing seam roof is
easy to maintain. Metal surfaces are easy to clean and the modern metal finishes offer a superb resistance
against corrosion, fading and discoloration.
Single-source responsibility: The fact that a single party is responsible for the entire building envelope is
among the main benefits of metal building systems. The building owner or the construction manager does not
have to keep track of many different suppliers or worry about one of them failing in the middle of
construction. This convenience is a major selling point of the systems.
References: Design Concept of Pre Engineered Buildings by: Syed Firoz, Sarath Chandra Kumar. B, S.
Kanakambara Rao / International Journal of Engineering Research & Application (IJERA)

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