DAFTAR ISI

DAFTAR ISI....................................................................................................................... i

DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................................... iii

DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................................. iv

DAFTAR SINGKATAN ................................................................................................... v

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................................ 1

1.1 LATAR BELAKANG .................................................................................. 1

1.2 RUMUSAN MASALAH ............................................................................. 4

BAB II NUTRSI PADA IBU HAMIL...... ...................................................................... 5

2.1 KEBUTUHAN NUTRISI PADA WANITA HAMIL ................................... 5

2.2 MIKRONUTRIEN PENTING PADA WANITA HAMIL ........................... 10

2.2.1 MINERAL ............................................................................................ 10

2.2.1.1 ZAT BESI ...................................................................................... 10

2.2.1.2 YODIUM ........................................................................................ 14

2.2.1.3 KALSIUM ....................................................................................... 15

2.2.1.4 ZINC................................................................................................ 18

2.2.2 VITAMIN ............................................................................................. 19

2.2.2.1 ASAM FOLAT.. ............................................................................. 19

2.2.2.2 VITAMIN D. ................................................................................... 22

BAB III SUMBER MIKRONUTRIEN PADA WANITA HAMIL .................................. 26

3.1 SUMBER MAKANAN .................................................................................. 26

3.1.1 SUMBER ZAT BESI ...................................................................... 28

3.1.2 SUMBER YODIUM ....................................................................... 29

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 3.1.3 SUMBER KALSIUM ..................................................................... 30

3.1.4 SUMBER ZINC .............................................................................. 31

3.1.5 SUMBER ASAM FOLAT .............................................................. 32

3.1.6 SUMBER VITAMIN D .................................................................. 32

3.1.7 KOMBINASI MENU MAKANAN PADA WANITA HAMIL..... 33

3.2 SUPLEMEN TAMBAHAN .......................................................................... 36

3.2.1 SUPLEMEN ZAT BESI.................................................................. 38

3.2.2 SUPLEMEN YODIUM................................................................... 40

3.2.3 SUPLEMEN KALSIUM ................................................................. 40

3.2.4 SUPLEMEN ZINC .......................................................................... 41

3.2.5 SUPLEMEN ASAM FOLAT.......................................................... 42

3.2.6 SUPLEMEN VITAMIN D .............................................................. 42

3.3 SUPLEMEN MULTI MIKRONUTRIEN ...................................................... 42

BAB IV RINGKASAN ...................................................................................................... 48

DAFTAR PUSTAKA . ....................................................................................................... 49

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 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Metabolisme Zat Besi dalam Tubuh Manusia ................................................ 12

Gambar 2.2 Proses Pembentukan Vitamin D ..................................................................... 23

Gambar 2.3 Metabolisme dan Fungsi Vitamin D ............................................................... 25

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 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1. Perbandingan diet antara ibu hamil dan tidak hamil.......................................... 6

Tabel 2.2. Kisaran Peningkatan Berat badan Berdasarkan BMI Ibu sebelum Hamil ......... 8

Tabel 2.3 Anjuran Nutrisi Ibu Hamil dan Menyusi dari Segi Usia .................................... 9

Tabel 3.1 Intervensi Gizi pada Wanita Hamil saat ANC .................................................... 26

Tabel 3.2 Nilai Besi berbagai bahan makanan (mg/100 gram) .......................................... 29

Tabel 3.3 Kandungan Yodium makanan dari 2 tempat yang berbeda ............................... 30

Tabel 3.4. Nilai Kalsium Berbagai Jenis Pangan (Mg/100g) ............................................. 31

Tabel 3.5 Bahan Makanan Sumber Vitamin D ................................................................... 33

Tabel 3.6 Rekomendasi pemilihan Makanan selama Kehamilan ....................................... 34

Tabel 3.7 Contoh Menu Makanan selama Kehamilan ....................................................... 35

Tabel 3.8 Suplemen Mikronutrien selama Hamil dan Menyusui ....................................... 37

Tabel 3.9 Rekomendasi Pemberian Suplemen pada Ibu Hamil ......................................... 37

Tabel 3.10 Kandungan dan dosis UNIMAP dibandingkan dengan formula dari RDA ..... 44

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 DAFTAR SINGKATAN

IUGR : Intra Uterine Growth Retardation

BBLR : Berat Badan Lahir Rendah
KEK : Kurang Energi Kronis
MDGs : Milleneum Development Goals
IFA : Iron-folic acid
MMS : Multiple Micronutrient Supplements
DRIs : Dietary Reference Intake
WHO : World Health Organization
BMI : Body Mass Index
IOM : Institute of Medicine
RDA : Recommended Dietary Allowance
CDC : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
DFPM : The Daily Food Plan for Moms
NHANES : The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
ACOG : The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologist
UNICEF : The United Nations Children’s Fund
UNIMAP : United Nations Multiple Micronutrient Antenatal Preparation