Manua{ on

SUBSJATION LAYOUT

Publication No. 299

Editors
G.N. Mathur
R.S. Chadha

ISO 9001 :2000

Central Board of Irrigation and Power

New Delhi
 MANUAL ON

SUBSTATION LAYOUT

Publication No. 299

Editors
G.N. Mathur
R.S. Chadha

•
CENTRAL BOARD OF IRRIGATION AND POWER
Malcha Marg, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi 110 021
 •

2006

ISBN No. 81-7336-306-4

"Reproduction of articles in publication in any form is permissible subject to proper

acknowledgement and intimation to the publishers. The publishers have taken utmost care to
avoid errors in che publication. However, the publishers arc in no way responsible for the
authenticity of data or information given by the contributors."
(ii)
 EXPERTS COMMITIEE
Chairman
Shri S.C. Misra
Director (Projects) (Reul.)
Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd.
Members

Shri J.B. Shah Shri Raj Kumar

Chief Engineer (Transmission) General Manager
Gujarat Electricity Board National Hydroelectric Power Corp.Ltd.
Sardar Patel Vidyut Bhawan Sector 33
Race Course, Vadodara-390 007 NHPC Office Complex
Faridabad (Haryana)
Shri P.B. Mehta
Deputy Engineer (Transmission Deptt.) Shri Vikas Sakscna
Gujarat Electricity Board General Manager
Sardar Patel Vidyut Bhawan Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd
Race Course, Vadodara-390 007 Sector 29, Plot 2, Saudamini
Sbri M.H. Kshatriya Near IFFCO Chowk
Executive En3ineer (Transmission Depll.) Gurgaon, Haryana
Gujarat Electricity Board Shri M.M. Goswami
Sardar Patel Vidyut Bhawan Deputy General Manager (Engg. SIS)
Race Course, Vadodara-390 007 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd
Sh ri M. Gopala Rao Sector 29, Plot 2, Saudamini
Chief Engineer (Constmclion) Near IFFCO Chowk
AP Transmission Corporation Limited Gurgaon, Haryana
Vidyut Soudha, Hyderabad-500 082
Shri B.N. Saini
Shri H.G. Chabra S11perie111ending Engineer
Director /P&D (TS) (400 kV Design)
Bhakra Beas Management Board Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Prasaran Nigam Ltd
66 kV Sub Stn., industrial Arca l Vidyut Bhawan, Janpalh
Sector 28, Chandigarh, Punjab Jaipur
Shri S.K. Roy Mohapatra
Shri K.S. Kattigchallimatt
Deputy Direczor (SE& TD)
Chief Engineer (Reul.)
Central Electricity Authority
Kamataka Power Transmission Corpn Ltd
Scwa Bbawan, R.K. Puram
New Dclhi-llO 066 Shri M.K. Chowdhury
Shri R. P. Lal Superientending Engineer (E) CP & ED
Executive Director (O&M) West Bengal State Electricity Board
National Hydroelectric Power Corp.Ltd. Vidyut Bhawan, Bidhannagar
Sector 33, NHPC Office Complex Block - DJ, Sector 11
Faridabad (Haryana) Kolkata-700 091

(iti)
Shri P.R. Ganage Late Shri A.K. Kapur
Chief Engineer (Transmission Pla1111ing) Fonner Executive Director
Maharashtra State Electricity Board Power Grid, Corporation of India Ltd.
S"' floor, Prakashganga, E Block A - SS, East of Kai lash
Plot No. C 19, Kurla Complex New Delhi -110 06S
Bandra (E}, Mumbai-400 OS 1
Shri Salish Nayar
Shri K.K. Shah (Alternate) Addi. General Manager (TBEM)
Executive Engineer Design Integrated Office Complex
Maharashtra State Electricity Board Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited
Maharashtra State Electricity Board Lodi Road, New Dclhi-110 003
S"' Floor, Prakashganga, E Block
Shri Raman Gulathi
Plot No. C 19, Kurla Complex
Group Manager (Engg.)
Bandrn (E), Mumbai-400 OS I
Alstom T&D Systems Limited
Shri S.K. Jain A 21-24, Sector 16
Deputy Director (T&S - If) Noida
Punjab State Electricity Board
Shri E.V. Rao
Patiala-147 001
Head (Engg.)
Shri S. Ayyadurai KEC International Limited
Chief Engineer (Personnel) B 190, MIDC Industrial Area
Tamil Nadu Electricity Board Butibori - 441 .l08
800, Anna Salai, Chcnnai-600 002 Nagpur District

(iv)
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Foreword
India is on the thres'lold of high economic growth and the country's initiatives in the
infrastructure sector particularly the power sector are moving fast towards a higher
growth trajectory.

Substations are vital links in the power systems and their improved availability based on
well thought of design parameters / lay out, etc., play major role in power delivery
system.

The primary requirements of a good substation lay out are flexibility, reliability, ease of
operation and maintenance and safety of operating personnel and equipment.

Keeping in view the importance of the subject and to disseminate the practices being
adopted by the various utilities for substation layout and to enable them to decide the
best layout suitable to their set conditions the Central Board of Irrigation and Power
Published a Manual on Layout of Sub StaticM for the first time in 1967. The
Publication was revised four times from 1967 to 1996.

In view of very fast technological developments in power sector it was felt desirable to
comprehensively review and revise the manual once again taking into consideration the
latest developments and technologies on the sub station equipment etc. The revised
edition covers the basic requirements and for the sake of illustration contains typical
layout for various types of bus-bar systems. This Manual includes brief discussion on the
various components of auxiliary facilities required in a substation to the extent these
affect station layout. It also covers other aspectS such as minimum clearances and
requirements of inspection and maintenance also.

I am sure that the present pubhcation will prove to be a very useful guide for the Power
Utilities, Manufacturers, and concerned engineers.

I appreciate the efforts. made by Expert committee in bringing out this comprehensive
document. I congratulate CBIP, for their initiative and also commend the invaluable
contribution of the authors, members of the Expert Group & Central Board of Irrigation
and Power.

(RAKESH NATH)

New Delhi
November, 2006 (v)
 PREFACE
The country's transmission perspective plan for Tenth & Eleventh Plan
focuses on the cre~tion of the National Grid so that present Generation
capacity as. well as future addition are optimally utilized. For this purpose,
the massive transmission system comprising of several EHV substations
and transmission Jines is being planned in the years ahead. Keeping this
in view, all out efforts are required to be mad_e by the planners, designers/
engineers in the country to ensure that these substations perform in the J
best possible manner with minimum down time. B~side this aspect, the economic
considerations and parameters relating to the safety of;lhe working personnel have to be
ensured. To achieve this goal, the latest technological developments/ requirements have
to be kept in view while designing these vital installations/ substations.

One of the objective of existence of Central Board of Irrigation.& Power is to work as

a platform for the experts in the field to prepare vital technical publications in Power &
Water Resources sectors for reference of practicing engineers and other users.

The First Manual on Substation Layout was published by the CBT&P in the year 1967.
The publication was revised four times during the period 1967 - 1996. Since last edition
was published about a decade back, a feed back was received that this publication is
required to be comprehensively reviewed and revised taking in to consideration the
developments in the technologies on the sub station equipment and utilizing experience
of the professional engineers in_volved in planning, design, development, operation and
maintenance of the EHV sub stations.

Accordingly a committee of experts from state utilities and PSU's was constituted under
the chairmanship of Shri S.C. Misra, the then Director (Projects) POWERGRID for
preparation of this revised "Manual on Substation Layout".

In this publication, a serious attempt has been made to cover the basic requirements
and illustrations containing typical layout for various bus-bar systems beside brief
discussion on the various components of auxiliary facilities required for a modern
EHV substation including other aspects such as minimum required clearances with
respect to safety, inspection and maintenance of the substation.

This manual is out come of ceaseless efforts made during last three years by all members
of the expert group. The Central Board of Irrigation & Power wishes to acknowledge its
• of this manual for their valuable contribution. I acknowledge
grateful thanks to the authors
with thanks the tremendous contribution made by late Shri A.K. Kapur, Retd. Executive
Director (POWERGRID) beside the contribution by other members of the Expert group
representing CEA, NHPC, A.P. TRANSCO., GEB, BBMB, RRVPNL, KPTCL, WBSEB,
MSEB, PSEB, TNEB, BHEL, ALSTOM & KEC in finalizing the manual. Special thanks
(vii)
arc due to Shri S.C. Misra, Chairman of the expert group for his tremendous input and
directions given. I would like to add that but for the untiring efforts of Shri V.B. Prasad,
Executive Director (Retd), NHPC, Shri R.S. Chadha, the then Director (IT) CBIP, Shri
M.M. Goswami, POWERGRID, Sbri S.K. Mohapatra (CEA) and Sbri R.K. Gupta
(POWERGRID) it would not have been possible to bring out this updated manual in this
form.

I hope that the publication will be Qf immense use and shall have excellent reference
value to the practicing engineers and other professionals of power utilities, manufacturers,
researchers, testing stations, faculty members and students of engineering Institutes in
India and abroad.

G.N. Mathur
New Delhi Secretary
November 2006 Central 1.Joard of Irrigation & Power

(viij)
 CONTENTS
Preface
(v)

Foreword (vii)
Chapter 1 Introduction
1
Chapter 2 Substation Equipment 7

Chapter 3 Substation Auxiliary Facilities 17

Chapter 4 Bus-Bar Schemes 37
Chapter 5 Safety Clearances 41
Chapter 6 Gas-Insulated Switchgear 47
Chapter 7 Physical Layout 51

(ix)
 Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION
Substations form an important element of transmission and distribution
network of electric power system. Basically, these provide points for controlling the
supply of power on different routes by means of various equipment such as
transformers, compensating equipment, circuit breakers, isolators etc. The various
circuits are joined together through these components to bus-bar systems at the
substations. While the bus-bar systems have followed certain definite patterns, thus
limiting scope for variation, there is practically no standardisation regarding the
physical arrangement of the various components in the layout. For the same type of
bus-bar system, different layouts have been used in different countries, and, in fact,
in India there are variations in this regard among the various Power utilities and
State Electricity Boards etc. Although standardisation to a great extent is feasible,
some variations in layout are inevitable in view of varying climatic and other
conditions in various parts of the country. This Manual gives the basic requirement,
and, for the sake of illustration, contains typical layouts for various types of bus-bar
systems up to 400 kV system voltage.

One of the primary requirements of a good substation layout is that it should

be as economical as possible, which is particularly important in view of the paucity of
land and rising cost of land, material and labour. To meet the large programme for
expansion of transmission and distribution facilities, the layout should ensure the
desired degree of flexibility,- reliability, ease of operation and maintenance, and
safety of the operation and maintenance personnel. Besides, the layout should not
lead to breakdowns in power supply due to faults within the substation, as such
faults are more severe than those occurring on the lines away from the substations.
This Manual includes brief details about the various components of auxiliary facilities
required in substation to the extent they relate to substation layout. It also covers
minimum clearances and other related aspects.

The Bureau of Indian Standards are periodically publishing Indian standards,

Codes of Practice and Guides. It is essential that the equipment actually used and
the practices followed conform to these standards. For the convenience of users, a
list of the relevant latest Indian Standards, Codes, Guides etc. is enclosed as
Appendix 1.1, and the list of relevant IEC Standard enclosed as Appendix 1.2 .

•
2

Appendix 1.1

List of Indian Standards, Guides, Codes etc. required for Reference

IS:325 Three-phase induction motors

"'
IS:398(Pt-1 ) Aluminium conductors for ovemead transmission purposes; Pt 1- Aluminium
stranded conductors
IS: 398(Pt-2) Aluminium conductors for overhead transmission purposes : Pt.2- Aluminium
conductors, galvanized steel reinforced

IS: 398(Pt·5) Aluminium conductors - galvanized steel reinforced for extra high voltage (400
kV and above)
IS: 692 Paper insulated lead .sheathed cables for rated voltage upto and including 33
kV - specification
IS: 694 PVC insulated cables for worl<ing voltages upto and including 1100 volts.
IS: 731 Porcelain insulators for overhead power lines with a nominal voltage greater
than 1ooo volts
IS: 802 Use of structural steel in overhead transmission line towers - Code of
practices.

IS: 875 (Pt 1-5) Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings and
structures
IS:933 Portable chemical fire extinguisher, foam type

IS:934 Portable chemical lire extinguisher, soda acid type

IS: 1180 Three-phase distribulion lranslormers uplo and including 100 kVA, 11 kV,
outdoor type
IS:1248 Direct acting indicating analogue electrical measuring instruments and their
accessories
IS: 1255 Code of practice for installation and maintenance of paper insulated power
cables (Upto and including 33 kV)
IS: 1554 (Pt-1 ) PVC insulated (heavy duty) electric cables Part-1 , for working voltages upto
and including 1100 volts
IS: 1554 (Pt-2) Specification for PVC insulated (heavy duty) electric cables Part-2, for working
voltages from 3.3 kV upto and including 11 kV
IS: 1646 Code of practice for lire safety of buildings (General) electrical installation
IS: 1651 Stationary cells and batteries - Lead acid type (with tubular positive plates)
IS: 1652 Plante positive plate stationery cell lead acid batteries
IS: 1866 Code of practice for maintenance and supervision of mineral insulating oil in
equipment
IS: 2026 Power transformer
IS: 2062 Steel for general structural purposes - Specification
IS: 2099 Bushings for alternating voltages above 1000 volts
 3

IS: 2121 Conductors and earth wire accessories for overhead power lines
IS: 2165 Insulation coordination
IS: 2190 Code of practice for selection, Installation and maintenance of portable first·
aid fire extinguishers
IS: 2309 Code of practice for protection of buildings and allied structure against
lightning
IS: 2486 Insulator fittings for overhead power lines with nominal voltage greater than
1000 v
IS: 2544 Porcelain post insulators for systems with nominal voltages greater than 1000
volts
IS: 2629 Recommended practice for hot-dip galvanizing of iron and steel

IS: 2633 Methods for testing uniformity of coating of zinc coated articles
IS: 2705 Current transformers
IS: 3034 Code of practice for fire safety of industrial building , electrical generating and
distributing stations
IS: 3043 Code of practice for earthing
IS: 3070 (Pt.1) Lightning arresters for alternating current systems non-linear resistor type
lightning arrester
IS: 3070 (Pt.2) Metal oxide surge arresters without gaps for alternating current systems
IS:3151 Earthing transformers
IS: 3156 Voltage transformers
IS: 3646 (Pt.1,2) Principles for good lighting and aspects of designs, code of practice

IS: 3646 (Pt.3) Code of practice for interior illumination

IS: 3716 Application guide for insulation coordination

IS: 4004 Application guide for non-linear resister type surge arrestors without series
gap for AC system

IS: 4146 AppliCation guide for voltage transformers

IS: 4201 Application guide for current transformers
IS: 4691 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure for rotating electrical machineiy

IS: 5082 Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloy bars, rods, tubes and sections for
electrical purposes
IS: 5216 (Pt. 1&2) Guide for safety procedures and practices in electrical work
IS: 5547 Application guide for capacitor voltage transformers
IS: 5553 (Pt.1 &2) Shunt reactors

IS:5561 Specifications for electrical power connectors

IS: 5578 Guide for marking of insulated conductors

IS: 6005 Code of practice for phosphating of iron and steel
4
-- -
IS: 7098 (Pt-1) Cross linked polyethylene insulated PVC sheathed cables: Part 1 For working
voltage upto and including 1 100 V
IS: 7098 (Pt-2) Cross linked polyethylene insulated PVC sheathed cables: Part 2 For working
voltages from 3.3 kV upto and including 33 kV
IS: 7098 (Pt-3) Cross-linked polyethylene Insulated thermoplastic sheathed cables: Part 3 for
working voltages from 66 kV upto and including 220 kV
IS:e437(Pl.1&2) Guide on effects of currents passing through human body
- IS 992 1 Alternating current disconnections (isolators) for voltages above 1000 volt
IS: 10028 (Pt· 1, Pt 2&3) Code of practice for selection, installation and maintenance of transformers
IS: 10118 Code of practice for selection, installation and maintenance of switchgear and
control gear
IS: 10136 Code of practice for selection of disc insulator fittings for highest system
1101tages of 72.5 kV and above
IS:10162 Spacers and spacer dampers for twin horizontal bundle conductors.
IS: 10561- Application guide for power transformers
-- .

IS: 12032 (Pt·2) Graphical symbols used in electro-technology : conductors and connecting
devices
•
IS: 12032 (Pt-4) Graphical symbols used in electro-technology : Passive components
IS: 12032 (Pt-6) Graphical symbols used in electro-technology : Production and Conversion of
electrical energy
IS: 12032 (Pt·7) Graphical symbols used in eleciro-technology : Sw~chgear, control gear and
protective devices
1s· 12350 Voltage bands for eleclrical installations including preferred voltages and
frequency
IS: 12063 Classification of degrees of protection provided by enclosures of elecirical
equipment
IS: 13134 Guide for selection of Insulators In respect of pollution conditions.
IS: 13118 Specification for high voltage AC circuits breakers
'---
IS 13516 Methods of synthetic testing of high voltage AC circuit breakers
IS: 13947 (Pt.1 to 5) LV switchgear and control gear

ANSl/IEEE:BO IEEE guide for safety in AC substation grounding

 5

Appendix 1.2

List of IEC Standards

IEC-60034 (Pl to P19:) Rotating electrical machines

IEC-60044-1 Current transformers.
IEC-60044-2 Voltage Transformers
IEC-60044-4 Instrument Transformers: Measurement of Partial Discharges
IEC-60051 : (Pl to P9) Recommendations for Direct Acting indicating .analogue electrical
measuring instruments and their accessories
IEC-60076 (Part 1 to Part 5) Power Transformers
IEC-60076-10 Determination of Transformer and Reactor Sound Levels
IEC-61095 Electromechanical Contactors for household and similar purposes
IEC-60099·4 25 Metal oxide surge arrestors without gaps
IEC·60129 Alternating Current Disconnectors (Isolators) and Earthing
switches
IEC-1129 Alternating Current Earthing Switches Induced Current switchi119
IEC-60137 Insulated bushings for alternating voltages above 1000 V.
IEC-60168 Tests on indoor and outdoor post insulators of ceramic material or
glass for Systems with Nominal Voltages Greater than 1000 V
IEC-60183 Guide to the Selection of High Voltage Cables
IEC-601 89 (Pl to P7) Low frequency .cables and wires with PVC il)sulation and PVC
sheath .
IEC-60214 On-Load Tap-Changers
IEC-60233 Tests on Hollow Insulators for use in electrical e(luipment.
IEC-60255 (Part 1 to part 23) Electrical relays
IEC-60265 (Part 1 & Part 2) High Voltage switches
IEC-60273 Characteristics of indoor and outdoor post insulators for systems
with nominal voltages greater than 1OOOV
IEC-60289 Reactors
IEC IEC-60297 (Pl to P4) Dimensions of mechanical structures of the 482.6mm (19 inches)
series
IEC ·60376 Specification and Acceptance of New Sulphur Hexafloride
IEC-60437 Radio Interference Test on High Voltage Insulators
IEC-60507 Artificial Pollution Tests on High Voltage Insulators to be used on
AC Systems
IEC -60694 Common Specification for High Voltage Switchgear & Control gear '
Standards
IEC -60815 Guide for the Selection of Insulators in respect of Polluted
Conditions
IEC -60865 (Pl & P2) Short Circuit Curren! • Calculation of effects
IEC ·60354 Loading Guide for Oil - Immersed power transformers
tEC-62271 -100 High Voltage Alternating Current Circuit Breakers
IEC -60427 Synthetic Testing of High Voltage alternating current circuit
Breakers
 6

IEC-61264 Pressurized Hollow Column Insulators

IEC-60358 Coupling capacitors and capacitor dividers
IEC-60481 Coupling Devices for power Line Carrier Systems
IEC-60529 Degree of Protection provided by enclosures
IEC-60947-4- 1 Low voltage switchgear and control gear
IEC-60439 (Pl & 2) Low Voltage Switchgear and control gear assemblies
IEC-60353 Line traps for A.C. power systems
IEC-60481 Coupling Devices for power line carrier systems
IEC-60495 Single sideboard power line carrier terminals
IEC-60683 Planning of (single Side-Band) power line carrier systems
IEC-60359 Expression of the performance of electrical & electronic measuring
equipment -·
IEC-60387 Symbols for Alternating-Current Electricity meters
IEC-60447 Man machine interface (MMI) -Actuating principles
IEC-60521 Class 0.5, 1 and 2 alternating current watt hour metres
IEC-60547 Modular plug-in Unit and standard 19-inch rack mounting unit
based on NIM Standard (for electronic nuclear instruments)
IEC-60305 Insulators for overhead lines with nominal voltage above 1000 V-
ceramic or glass insulator units for a.c. systems Characteristics of
String Insulator Units of the cap and pintype
IEC-60372 (1984) Locking devices for ball and socket couplings of string insulator
units: dimensions and tests.
IEC-60383 (Pl and P2) Insulators for overhead lines with a nominal voltage above 1000 V .
IEC-60433 Characteristics of string insulator units of the long rod type
IEC-60471 Dimensions of Clevis and tongue couplings of string insulator units
IEC-60227 (Pl to P7) Polyvinyl Chloride insulated cables o f rated voltages up to and
including 450n5ov
IEC-60228 Conductors of insulated cables
IEC-60230 Impulse tests on cables and their accessories
IEC-60287 (Pl to P3) Calculation of the continuous current rating of cables (100% load
factor)
IEC-60304 Standard colours for insulation for low-frequency cables and wires
IEC-60331 Fire resisting characteristics of Electric cables
IEC-60332 (Pl to P3) Tests on electric cables under fire conditions
IEC-60502 Extruded solid dielectric insulated power cables for rated voltages
from 1 kV upto to 30 kV
IEC-754 (P 1 and P2l Tests on oases evolved durina combustion of electric cables

....
 Chapter 2

SUBSTATION EQUIPMENT
2.1 The substation layout is influenced to a great extent by the dimensions of the
various equipment and their accessories within the substation. ·A detailed
specification for various equipment is outside the scope of this Manual. However, in
this chapter only the brief details of the various equipment to the extent they relate to
the Substation layout, have been included.

2.2 BUS-BARS

Substations include bus-bars and are divided into bays.

2.2.1 Types of Bus-bars

2.2.1.1 The outdoor bus-bars are either of the rigid type or the strain I flexible type.

2.2.1.2 In the rigid type, pipes are used for bus-bars and also for making
connections to the various equipment wherever required. The bus-bars and the
connections are supported on pedestal mounted insulators. This leads to a low level
type of switchyard, wherein equipment as well as the bus-bars are spread out. Since
the bus-bars are rigid, the clearances remain constant. However as the bus-bars
and connections are not very high from the ground, the maintenance is easy. Due to
large diameter of the pipes, the corona loss is also substantially less. It is also
claimed that this system is more reliable than the strain I flexible bus. In case of a
rigid type bus, special care has to be taken in respect of aeolian vibration.

2.2.1.3 The the strain I flexible type of bus bars is on overhead system conductors
strung between supporting structures and strain I tension type insulators. The
stringing tension may be in the range of 500-900 kg per conductor I sub-conductor
(of a bundle conductor) for installations upto 132 kV. For 220 kV and 400 kV
installations, stringing tension may be in the range of 1000 - 2000 kg per conductor I
sub-conductor (of a bundle conductor) depending upon span. The conductor
tension, which strongly influences the design and weight of structure has to be
specified carefully with reference to span, ambient temperature, wind velocity and
relevant site conditions.
2.2.1 .4 The design of structures can be economised by suitably locating spacers in
bundle conductor bus bars for 245 kV and higher voltage substations.

2.2.2 Bus-bar Material

2.2.2.1 For the rigid bus bar arrangement, aluminium pipes of Grade 63401 WP
conforming to IS:.5082 are commonly used. The commonly used sizes of pipes are
given in Table 2.1.

- .- - ... ... .... .. .. ... ······ ·- - ··· .. .

8

Table 2.1 : Commonly Used Size of Pipes

System voltage Nominal diameter
(kV) External (mm) Internal (mm)
72.5 42 35
145 60 52
60 49.25
245 89 78
89 74
101.6 90.1
101.6 85.4
114.3 102.3
114.3 97.2
400 114.3 102.3
114.3 97.2
127 114.5
127 109

2.2.2.2 The material commonly used for bus-bars and connections of the strain I
flexible type bus-bars are ACSRJAAC. The following sizes are commonly used either
as single conductors or as bundles (Table 2.2) : ·
Table 2.2 : Commonly Used Size of Conductors
System Type Stranding (Al I St.) I Diameter of complete
voltaQe (kV) Dia (mm) conductor (mm)
72.5 ACSA 3017/2.79 19.53
AAC 19/./3.53 17.65
145 ACSR 3017/3.00 21.00
AAC 19/./4.22 21 .1 0
245 ACSR 5417/3.18 28.62
3017/4.27 29.89
541713.35 30.15
AAC 19/·/5.36 26.80
. 37/-/5.23 36.61
400 ACSR 5417/3.53 31.77

2.2.2.3 Since aluminium oxidises rapidly, great care is necessary in making

connections. In case of long spans, expansion joints should be provided to avoid
strain on the supporting insulators due to thermal expansion or contraction of pipes.
2.2.2.4 The bus-bar sizes should meet the electrical and mechanical requirements
of the specific application for which these are chosen.

2.3 CIRCUIT BREAK ERS

2.3.1 Circuit breaker is a mechanical switching device capable of making, carrying

and breaking currents under normal circuit conditions and also making, carrying for
a specified time and breaking currents under specified abnormal circuit conditions.
Circuit Breakers of the types indicated below have been used in India.
36 kV Minimum oil. Bulk oil, Vacuum, SF6
72.5 kV Minimum oil. Bulk oil, SF6
 9

145 kV Minimum oil. Bulk oil, SF6

245 kV Minimum oil. Bulk oil, Air Blast, SF6
420kV Minimum oil. Bulk oil, Air Blast, SF6

However, minimum oil, bulk oil and air blast circuit breakers are being phased out
due to advancement in technology. SF6 circuit breakers are generally the pre"sent
day choice at transmission voltages.

The circuit breakers may be of live tank or dead tank design. The circuit breakers of
the "live tank" type for outdoor substations have the interrupters housed in porcelain
weather-shields on ~he top of an insulated support column. The circuit breakers of
the "dead tank" type have interrupters housed in an earthed me.ta! container with
their connections taken out through porcelain bushings and the bushings may be
used to house the current transformers.

2.3.2 The circuit breakers are normally mounted on individual structures.

2.3.3 245 kV and higher voltage outdoor circuit breakers, generally necessitate the
provision of approach roads for breaker maintenance.

2.3.4 . The commonly used operating mechanisms are pneumatic, spring, hydraulic
or their combinations.

2.4 DISCONNECTORS AND EARTHING SWITCHES

2.4.1 A disconnector is a mechanical switching device, which provides in the open

position, an isolating dista·nce meeting the specified req uirements. A disconnector
can open and close a circuit when either a negligible current has to be broken or
made or when no significant change in voltage across the terminals of each pole of
the disconnector occurs. It can also carry current under normal circuit conditions and
carry for a specified time the short circuit currents. Disconnectors are used for
transfer of load from one bus to ~mother and also to isolate equipment for
maintenance. Although a variety of disconnectors are available, the factor which has
the maximum influence on the station layout is whether the disconnecter is of the
vertical break type, pantograph or horizontal break type. Horizontal break type
normally occupies more space than the vertical break type. Out of the horizontal
centre break and horizontal double break type, the former requires a greater phase
to phase clearance.

2.4.2 The location of disconnecting switches in substations affects not only the
substation layouts but maintenance of the disconnectors contacts also. In some
substations, the disconnects are mounted at higher positions either vertically or
horizontally. Although such substations occupy smaller space, the maintenance of
disconnecting switches in such substations is more difficult and time consuming.
IO

2.4.3 Earthing switch is a mechanical switching device for earthing parts of a circuit,
capable of withstanding for a specified time short-circuit currents, but not requi red to
carry normal rated currents of the circuit.

2.4.4 It is usual for disconnectors to be motorized. Earthing switches may be

motorized or operated manually.

2.4.5 In case of double circuit lines the earthing switches shall be capable of
switching inductive current (electromagnetically induced} and capacitive currents
(electrostatically induced) as per the values specified in IEC 62271-102 when
parallel circuit is energized. The disconnecter must also be capable of interrupting
and making parallel circuits when transferring load between main and reserve bus
bars according to IEC requirements

2.5 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS

2.5.1 Instrument transformers are devices used to transform the values of current
and voltage in the primary systef(l IO values suitable for the measuring instruments,
meters, protective relays, etc. These also serve the purpose of isolating the primary
system from the secondary system.

2.5.2 Current Transformers (CT) may be either of the bushing type or wound type.
The bushing types are normally accommodated within the- transformer bushings and
the wound types are invariably separately mounted. The location of the current
transformer with respect to associated circuit breaker has an important bearing upon
the protection scheme as well as layout of substation. So far, the wound type current
transformers with dead tank construction have been used. However, current
transformers with live-tank construction also are being used.

2.5.3 Voltage Transformer (VT) may•be .either of the electro-magnetic type or the
capaciior type. The electro-magnetic type VTs are more costly than the capacitor
type and are commonly used where higher accuracy is required as in the case of
revenue metering. Capacitor type is preferred particularly at high voltages due to
lower cost and it serves the purpose of a coupling capacitor also for the carrier
equipment. For ground fault relaying, an additional core or a winding is requi red in
the VTs which can be connected in open delta. The voltage transformers are
connected on the feeder side of the circuit breaker. However, another set of voltage
transformer is normally required on the bus-bars for synchronisation.

2.5.4 The tank of the instrument transformers may preferably be galvanized as this
would req uire least millntenance. .

... - · · ·· · ·-· ·- ·--······ "'· ·- ·········· ··· . ................. . .... . ... ..... ...... -····· ·
-- -

11

2.6 Compact Air-Insulated Substation (CAIS) I Intelligent Air-Insulated

Substation (IAIS)
2.6.1 Compact Air-Insulated Substation (CAIS) I Intelligent Air-Insulated Substation
(IAIS) based on modular concept has been developed by various manufacturers
offering advantages in compactness, easy in installation, lower maintenance
requirement etc. A single module can include breaker, disconnecter, DOIT (Digital
Optical Instrument Transformer- current and voltage transformer, i.e., DOCT, DOVT)
for metering and protection, surge arrester, and earthing switch. In some modules,
with a trolley mounted Circuit Breaker (CB), i.e., drawout type, disconnecter function
is achieved by the movement of the complete breaker unit. Composite modules are
pre-manufactured, pre-tested and then integrated to replace the functions of number
of conventional compommts. In a compact design, all primary and secondary
functions required for a line or transformer bay in one pre-manufactured and pre-
tested switching module (for all voltage levels) can be integrated. The concept also
allows to build, upgrade or extend substation more efficiently.
2.6.2 Hybrid type switchgear could also be considered for reducing space and ·trom
reliability consideration

2.7 TRANSFORMERS

2.7.1 Transformer is the largest piece of equipment in a substation and it is,

therefore, important from the point of view of station layout. For instance, on account
of large dimensions, it is generally not possible to accommodate two transformers in
adjacent bays. One of the problems is the installation of radiators, which makes the
width of the transformer much more than bay width. In order to reduce the risk of
spread of fire, large transformers are provided with stone pebble filled soaking pits
and oil collecting pit. In addition to above provision, separation walls are provided in-
between the transformers and also between the transformer and the control room
building, if required road-cum-rail tracks is also provided for movement of
transformer. Relevant, sections of CBIP Manual on Transformers may be referred to
in this context.

2.7.2 One of the important factors governing the layout of the substation is whether
the transformer is a three-phase unit or a bank of 3 single-phase transformers. The
space requirements with single - phase banks are much larger than those with
three-phase transformers. Besides, in the case of single-phase banks, it is usual to
provide one spare single-phase transformer, and used in case of a fault or
maintenance of one of the single phase units. The spare unit may be permanently
installed in the switchyard ready to replace the unit, which is out of service.

2.8 REACTIVE COMPENSATION EQUIPMENT

2.8.1 -Reactive compensation may be of switched or non-switched type as indicated

by system studies of the network in which the substations are located.

I ·· ········ ················- -- .. --···-· ·· - .

 12

The non-switched type compensation usually comprises shunt reactors permanently

connected to transmission line or to bus bars at the substations as per the
requirements. Next to the transformer, shunt reactors constitute large pieces of
equipment. These also can be in the form of single-phase units or three phase units.
Often another reactor called neutral grounding reactor, which is connected between
the neutral bushing of the line shunt reactor and earth, is provided to facilitate single
pole auto-reclosing. However in case of bus reactor neutral is solidly grounded.
Since these equipment also contain oil, the provisions valid for transformers apply to
shunt reactors too. .
The switched compensation can comprise switched reactors, switched capacitors or
thyristor controlled reactors and thyristor switched capacitors known as Static Var
Compensations (SVC). These are selected according to the system requirements
and connected directly to their own discrete transformers.
2.8.2 Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS)

Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) technology is an evolving technology

based solution for enhancing the power transmission capability of existing
transmission system. FACTS is defined as "Alternating Current Transmission
systems incorporating power electronics based and other static controllers to
~nhance controllability and increase power transfer capability." Thus, FACTS
increases the flexibility of power systems, make them more controllable and allow
. increased utilization of existing network closer to its thermal loading capacity without
jeopardizing the stability. FACTS technology can boost power transfer capability in
stability limited system by about 20 to 30%. By the process not only capacity is
increased but also design and installation cost is saved. Several types of FACTS
controller I devices e.g. Static VAR Compensator (SVC), Static Compensator
(STATCOM), Thyristor Controlled Series Compensation (TCSC), Unified Power
Flow Controller (UPFC), Inter-line Power Flow Controller (IPFC) etc. can be adopted
to achieve the goal.

2.8.2.1 Static Var Systems

The following are the basic types of reactive power control elements, which make up
all or part of any Static VAR system :
• Saturated Reactor (SR)
• Controlled Shunt Reactor (CSR)
• Thyristor-switched Capacitor (TSC)
• Thyristor-switched Reactor (TSR)

Static VAR Compensators (SVCs) are shunt connected static reactive power
generators and/or absorbers whose output are varied so as to control specific
parameters of the electric power systems.
 13

2.8.3 Series Compensation

Series capacitors are connected in series with the line conductors to compensate for
the inductive reactance of the line. They reduce the transfer reactance between the
buses of which the line is connected, increase maximum power that can be
transmitted and reduce the effective reactive power losses. The series
compensation can be variable type with control by Thyristor (also called as Thyristor
Controlled Series Compensation - TCSC). Depending upon system requirement, a
line can be compensated with fixed series compensation or fixed series
compensation and TCSC. ·
2.8.4 The substation lay out should be such as can accommodate the required
compensation equipments. Many-a-time only some of these may be required in the
initial stage and may undergo alteration as the system develops. Typical layout
space requirement series compensation equipment is given in Chapter-7.

2.9 LIGHTNING PROTECTION

2.9.1 A substation has to be shielded against direct lightning strokes either by

provision of overhead shield wire/earthwire or spikes (masts). The methodology
followed for systems upto 145 kV is by suitable placement of earthwires/masts so as
to provide coverage to the entire station equipment. Generally, an angle of shield of
60° for zones covered by two or more wires/masts and 45° for single wire/mast is
considered adequate. For 245 kV installations and above, normally use of
electromagnetic methods is resorted to. The most used method for determining
shielded zones are the Mousa Method and Razevig Method. The detailed design of
shielding system is outside the sc;;ope of this publication.

2.9.2 Besides direct strokes, the substation equipment has also to be protected
against travelling waves due to lightning strokes on the lines entering the substation.

The apparatus most commonly used for this purpose is the Surge arrester.

Advances in material technology has resulted in the development of metal 9xide

gapless type surge arrestors, which are being most widely used because of better
protection level, higher energy handling I discharge capability and low power loss
under normal operating conditions.

The most important and costly equipment in a substation is the transformer and the
normal practice is to install Surge arresters as near the transformer as far as
possible. The fixing up of insulation level for various equipments within a substation
requires a detailed study of insulation coordination with lightning arrester as the focal
point for providing protection to the equipment from power frequency over-voltage
exceeding the rating of the arrester. In the EHV range, there is also the problem of
switching over-voltages and the life of the arrester may be considerably reduced due
to frequent operations because of such overvoltages. Sometimes it is not possible to

. .... -..... ·-.

..... ....- .. . ... .. .. ... ... . . .
" . . .. . . ..
14

locate the lightning arrester very near the transformer. However, there is no problem
so long as the transforme r is within the protective distance from the Surge arrester.
Besides protecting the transformers, the lightning arresters also provide protection to
the equipment on the bus side located within certain distance. In the case of very
large substations where the Surge arrester for the transformer does not provide
adequate protection to the other equipment, additional Surge arresters either on the
bus or on various lines have to be provided. For determination of number of Surge
arresters and their locations, each case has to be studied taking the size and
importance of the substation, isoceraunic level, anticipated overvoltages etc. into
consideration.

2.10 INSULATORS

2.10.1 Provision of adequate insulation in a substation is of primary importance

from the point of view of reliability of supply and safety of personnel. However, the
station design should be so evolved that the quantity of insulators required is
minimum commensurate with the expected security of supply. An important
consideration in determining the insulation in a substation, particularly if it is located
near sea or a thermal power generating station or an industrial plant is the level of
pollution. As a first step to combat this problem, special insulators with higher
creepage distance should be used. In case this does not suffice, washing the
insulators by using live line equipment has to be resorted to and this aspect has to
be kept in mind while deciding the layout of the substation. Another method, which
has proved to be successful in other countries, involves the application of suitable
type of greases or Room Temperature Vulcanization (RTV) compounds on the
· surface of the insulators. This, however, also requires cleaning of insulation, the
frequency depending upon the degree and the type of pollution.
2.10.2 The creepage distances for the different pollution levels are provided
according to Table 2.3.
Table 2.3 : Creepage Distance for Different Pollution Levels
Pollution level Creepage distance (mm/kV of
hiahest svstem voltaae)
Lioht 16
Medium 20
Heaw 25
Very heaw 31

For determining the creepage distance requirement, the highest line-to-line voltage
of the system forms the basis.
2.10.3 The following types of insulators are normally used:
(A) Bus Support Insulators
(i) Cap and Pin type
 15

(ii) Solidcore type

(iii) Polycone type

(B) Strain Insulators

(i) Disc insulators
(ii) Long rod porcelain insulators
(iii) Polymer insulators

2.1 1 STRUCTURES

2.11.1 The cost of structures also is a major consideration while deciding the layout
of a substation. For instance, in the case of the strain I flexible bus-bar arrangement,
cost of structures is much higher than in the case of rigid bus type. Similarly the form
of structures also plays an important part and the choice is usually between using a
few heavy structures or a large number of smaller structures. While finalizing the
design, size, and single line diagram of structures, safety clearance requirements
should be ensured.

2.11.2 Steel is the most commonly used material in India for substation structures.
Normally the steel structures are hot-dip galvanised so as to protect them against
corrosion. However, galvanising sometimes has not proved effective, particularly in
substations located in coastal or industrial areas and in such cases painting also
becomes essential. In other countries special paints have been developed which are
applied within the shop and these paints have proved quite effective.

2.12 POWER LINE CARRIER EQUIPMENT

2.12.1 The carrier equipment required for communication, relaying and

telemetering is connected to line through high frequency cable, coupling capacitor
and wave trap. The wave trap is installed at the line entrance. The coupling
capacitors are installed on the line side of the wave trap and are normally base
mounted. The wave traps for voltage levels upto 145 kV can be mounted on the
gantry structure on which the line is terminated at the substation or mounted on top
of the capacitor voltage transformer. However, the wave traps for voltage levels of
245 kV and above generally require separate supporting insulator stacks mounted
on structures of appropriate heights.

I
 Chapter 3

SUBSTATION AUXILIARY FACILITIES

3.1 Besides the main equipment discussed in Chapter 2 a number of auxiliary
facilities such as earthing, cabling, oil handling system, illumination system, fire
fighting, crane and other unloading facilities, oil filtration, AC/ DC auxiliary system
etc., have to be provided within a substation. These requirements have been briefly
discussed in this chapter to the extent these relate to the substation layout.

3.2 EARTHING

·3.2.1 Provision of adequate earthing system in a substation is extremely important

for safety of the operating personnel as well as for proper system operation and
performance of the protection devices. The primary requirement of a good earthing
system in a substation are:

(a) The impedance to ground should be as low as possible. In general it should

not exceed 1 ohm for substations with high fault levels (EHV substation) and 5
ohms for substations with low fault levels (Distribution substation).

(b) The step and touch potentials should be within safe limits.

3.2.2 To meet these requirements, an earthing system comprising an earthing mat

buried at a suitable depth below ground, supplemented with ground rods at suitable
points is provided in the substations. All the non-current carrying metal parts of the
equipment in the substation are connected to the earthing mat so as to ensure that
under fault conditions, none of these parts is at a potential higher than that of the
earthing mat. Under normal condition, the ground rods make little contribution in
lowering the earth resistance. These are, however, helpful in maintaining low value
of resistance under all weather conditions which is particularly important for
installations with high system earth fault currents.

3.2.3 All substations should have provision for earthing the following:
(a) The neutral points of equipment in each separate system. There should be
independent earth for the different systems. Each of these earthed points
should be intercon nected with the station earthing mat by two different
diagonally opposite connectors to avoid common mode failure.
(b) Equipment framework and other non-current carrying metal parts.
(c) All extraneous metal frameworks not associated with equipment.
(d} Lightning arresters: These should h'!ve independent earthing which should in
turn be connected to the station grounding grid or earthmat.

I .. ... " ··-· .. .. -·· . ·- .. -·· .. - - .. .. .. .. ... .. .

'•
18

3.2.4 The earthing of substation fence has to be considered from the viewpoint of
touch and step potentials in the peripheral area outside the fence. Normally the
earth mat has to be extended by 1m to 1.5m beyond the fence so as to ensure that
the area in the vicinity of the substation fe nce is safe.

Where the fenced area is large and mat area is small, in that case fence earthing
should be isolated from the main earth mat so that person touching the fence is
protected from danger due to transfer voltage.

3.2.5 Earthing in a substation must conform to the req uirements of the Indian
Electricity Rules and the provisions of the relevant sections of latest IS: 3043 and
IEEE Std - 80. The earthing system should be designed to have low overall
impedance, and a current carrying capacity consistent with the fau lt current
magnitude. The major parameters which influence design of earth mat are:
(a) Magnitude of fault current:
(b) Duration of fau lt:
(c) Soil resistivity:
(d) Resistivity of surface material:
(e) Shock duration:
{f) Material of earth conductor, and
(g) Earth mat grid geometry

3.2.6 Bare stranded copper conductor or copper strip used to find extensive
application in the construction of earth mat in the past. However, on account of high
cost of copper and the need to economise in the use of copper, current practice in
the country is based on the use of steel conductor for earth mat.

In view of fast deterioration of GI pipe electrode, cast iron pipe electrode is preferred
for earthing. The minimum distance between the electrodes shall be twice the length
of electrode.

3.2.7 Design Procedure

For detailed design of earth mat reference may be made to the latest edition of
IEEE-80, CBIP Technical Report No. 5 on 'Steel Grounding Systems where
Grounding Mat is not needed' and CBIP Publication No. 223.

3.3 CABLING

3.3.1 Trenches and cable ducts are normally laid for cable runs. In very large
substations, particularly those associated with power plants, tunnels have also been
 19

used. Except where cables enter and take off from trench, directly buried cables are
generally avoided to facilitate locating faults and rapidly restoring the supply.

3.3.2 The substation area should be properly graded so that the rainwater is drained
away form the cables trenches. For draining off any water that may enter the
trenches, these should be sloped in their run to drain freely and necessary
arrangements made to remove the accumulated water as and when required. Cable
trenches should be provided with strong and effective covers. Cables should not be
laid directly in the trench floor. A typical cable trench is shown in Fig. 1. At
points of entry into indoor areas, termination chambers etc., waterproof and fireproof
sealing arrangements should be made. Cable trenches should not run through oil
rooms.

3.3.3 Conduits should have the minimum number of bends in their run. Pull boxes to
facilitate cable pulling should be provided at suitable locations. Conduits should be
sloped and drained at low points. Care must be exercised to se·e that water does
not accumulate within the conduits or drain into the equipment at the end.

3.3.4 In indoor areas, cable may be laid in racks supported on walls, ceiling or floor,
floor trenches or clamped to walls or ceiling. Wherever a large number of cables are
involved and conditions so permit, a system of racks is preferable as it gives quick
access. Particular care should be taken in substation design to permit easy entry of
cable in to switchgear with convenience of handling even afterwards.

3.3.5 Cable laying should be done in accordance with systematically prepared cable
schedules. In major substation thousands of separate cables will be involved and
quick tracing of defects will depend very much on the orderliness exercised while
laying. All cable ends should be suitably labeled to facilitate easy identification.

3.3.6 Power cables and control cables should be segregated by running in separate
trenches or on separate racks so that in the event of a fire, the control cables are not
affected. Segregation of AC and DC control cables to the extent possible is also
useful. Separate cables should be used for each CT and PT. In the case of 400 kV
substations and substations having numerical/digital relays, shielded cables should
be used for CT and PT circuits and armoured cables for other circuits. These should
not be included in the cores of other multicore control cables. While arranging cable
runs it should be kept in mind that the arrangement should be such that a fire at any
point will not lead to complete shutdown of the whole substation for a long time.
Flexible conduits should be used at terminal connections to motors, pumps, etc.
The main trenches should be formed such that heavy current carrying conductors do
not run parallel to the control cables.

The cable ducts should be laid away from lightning arresters to minimize the effect
of high discharge current flow.

I - .... -·· .... .. ..... .. .. .. .. - .. .... ...... .

20

In main trenches a heavy current carrying conductor should not be run parallel to
control cables. This conductor should be clamped at suitable intervals to the support
angles earthed to rod electrodes at every 20/25-meter intervals. This shield
conductor drain all induced current and minimizes induction of high voltage in the
control cables.

Power cables are placed in the top rack. Lower racks contain con trol cables. If
unarmoured cables are used these should find place in the bottom most rack.

3.3.7 XLPE/PVC insulated cables conforming to the Indian Standards listed in

Appendix 1.1 in Chapter 1 should be used up to 11 kV.

3.3.8 Multicore control cables should also be PVC I XLPE insulated and colour
coded. Adequate number of spare cores should be included in all control cables.
Wherever fiber optic cable are used they should be armoured type.

3.3.9 Wherever insulated cables are used reference should be made to latest IS:
1554 and IS: 694. Earthing of cables sheaths, provision of earth continuity
conductors etc., should be as per latest IS: 1255. "Code of Practice for Installation
and Maintenance.of Paper Insulated Cables" (upto and including 33 kV) and latest
IS: 3043 Code of Practice on Earthing.

3.3.10 Wherever·application demands, FRLS cables and fittings should be used.

For mechanical protection, armoured cables are used in case these are laid on
ladder type trays. For 400 kV switchyards, irrespective of the type of cable trays,
armoured cable should be used. Armoured cables can be buried directly. However
the unarmoured cables can be laid in conduits.

3.4 OIL HANDLING SYSTEM

3.4.1 The oil handling system is required for treatment of insulating oil in
transformers, reactors etc. Details regarding handling and treatment of oil are given
in latest IS: 1866 - "Code of Practice for Maintenance and Supervision of Insulating
Oils in service.

3.4.2 Oil may be stored in clean drums. The drums should be stored horizontally
with caps below oil level. It should be tested periodically for dielectric strength and
kept in good condition.

3.4.3 Portable oil filtration set of adequate capacity mounted on trucks may be
provided to cater to the requirements of group of substations. A typical layout of oil
handling system for a centrally located or a large substation is shown in Fig. 2 .

....
 21

3.5 ILLUMINATION SYSTEM

3.5.1 Good· Gghting in a substation is necessary to facilitate normal operation and

maintenance· activities and at the same time to ensure safety of the working
personnel. As per latest IS: 3646 (Pt. II) "Schedule for values of illumination and
Glare Index" recommends values of intensity of illumination. Table 3.1 contains the
recomme nded values for different parts of substations.

Table 3.1 : Recommended llluminator Values

Average illumination Limiting Glare
SI. No. Particulars
level 'Lux' Index
1. Control rooms:
Vertical control panels 200 to 300 19
Rear of conlrol panels 150 19
Control desks 300 19
Switch houses 150 25
2. Batterv room 100 .
3. Carrier room 300 .
4. Offices and receotion 300 19
5. Cloak rooms 100 -
6. Workshon!Reoair bav 300 25
7. Test room 450 19
8. Outdoor switchvard 20 .
9. Stairs 100 -
10 Corridors 70 16
11 Annroach roads 20 -
12 Pathways 20 -
13 Car oarks 20 -
14 Conference room 300 19
15 Store room 100 -
16 Cable aallerv/floor 70 -
17 AC plant/DG set room 150 -
Out door switchyard average illumination level shall be 50 tux on main equipment
and 20 tux on balance area of switchyard. In the out door switchyard, the area
covered by transformer/reactor should have 50 lux.

3.5.2 The lighting system of a particular area whether outdoor or indoor should be
designed in such a way that uniform illumination is achieved. As far as possible any
dark spots should be avoided. This requires careful placing of the luminaries,
selection of proper mounting heights and provision of sockets in the marshalling
kiosks and mechanism boxes of circuit breakers/disconnect switches for providing
supplementary lighting wherever required. In outdoor switchyards, only the
equipment/bus bar areas are illuminated. In outdoor area, luminaries should be
directed as far as possible towards transformers, circuit breakers/disconnect
switches, their mechanism boxes etc., where some operations may be necessary
during emergency at night

I
 .,

22

3.5.3 There are several classifications of the types of lighting such as direct,
indirect, semi-indirect, diffusion, etc., The types of lighting or the combinations
should be so chosen as would provide adequate level of glare-free illumination
without creating undesirable shadows.

3.5.4 Direct lighting system is the most commonly used and it employs open
dispersive reflectors, silver glass reflectors and angle reflectors. The simplest form
of general diffusion fitting is the plain sphere of opal glass. The spherical form may
be modified and any form, which the designer can think of may be used. The
efficiency of the general diffusion fitting depends partly on shape but much more on
the properties of the diffusing material used.
3.5.5 The typical indirect fitting is and opaque bowl with lamp suspended in it at
such a depth that all the direct light from the lamp as well as form the bowl is emitted
in the upper hemisphere. The semi direct fittings lie in between the indirect and the
general diffusion fittings.

3.5.6 Flood light fittings are in essence, projectors with parabolic reflectors. There
are two types of floodlights: the wide beam type and the narrow beam type. Wide
beam type is suitable where accurate control is not necessary and the light is
projected only over a short distance. The narrow beam type is used where light is
required to be projected over longer distances.

3.5.7 The choice of lamps, i.e., incandescent, fluorescent, mercury vapour, sodium
vapour halogen etc., depends mainly on the nature of work, the number of hour of
utilization annually, the cost of energy and the power available for illumination. Table
3.2 gives different types of lamps and fitti ngs that may be used in different area of a
substation.
3.5.8 The foremost criterion in the design of illumination system of indoor area such
as control room, workshop, repair bay, offices, etc., is that illumination at the working
height throughout the area should be as uniform as possible so as to avoid eye
fatigue. In practice, complete uniformity of illumination is difficult to achieve and a
ratio of the minimum intensity to the maximum equal to about 70 percent is usually
considered acceptable. ·
3.5.9 Energy conservation requirement has to be kept in view while selecting type of
lamp and type of fitting. While designing the lux level requirement Utilization co-
efficient factor. may be considered to take care effect of dust, pollution etc. on
reflectors used in the lighting fixtures.

The night time lighting of exterior areas is necessitated by operational requirement,

security or decorative purposes or a combination of these. It is used for illuminating
outdoor switchyards transformer yards, approach roads to substations, etc., Use of
flood lights has been in practice for illumination of switchyards. However, floor lights
generally cause glare, if not properly positioned and mounted at proper heights. As
the lumen output of mercury/sodium vapour lamps is quite appreciable as compared
-
23

to incandescent lamps, flood light units having mercury/sodium vapour lamps with
medium and wide angle coverage, mounted at suitable heights are preferred. If the
floor light is mounted at a height of 6 to 1Om it would be away from the normal vision
angle (8°) of a man approaching it and therefore, there would be no problem of
glare. If the design of the flood lighting is followed in an orderly fashion, it is easy to
obtain uniform illumination in the outdoor switchyard. The spillover light from flood
lights provided in the switchyard is generally sufficient for fence lighting. Separate
fence lighting is provided only in exceptional cases. Light fittings in the switchyards
are mounted on substation structure/lighting masts. Typical lamps and fittings
generally provided in some identified areas are given in Table 3.2
Table 3.2 : Typical Lamps & Fittings in Some Identified Areas
SI. No. Particulars of area Tvne of lamas Tvoe of fittinas
1. Unloadino-cum-reoair bav Mercurv vanour sodium Hiah bav
2. Store rooms, workshoos Fluorescent Industrial
3. Control room, offices carrier Fluorescent Decorative
room
4. Batterv room Fluorescent Acid oroof, Industrial
5. Comoressor room etc., Fluorescent Industrial
6. External lighting on building Mercury vapour sodium Water tight flood light
vaoour
7. Outdoor switchyard Mercury vapour sodium Water tight flood light
v~nou r

8. Fence lighting Mercury vapour sodium Po st type water tight,

vanour flood linht
9. Roads Mercury vapour sodium Post type water tight
vaoour street liaht fittinas

3.5.10 The purpose of street lighting in substations is to promote safety and

convenience on the approach roads, service roads and side walls inside switchyard,
etc., The aim should be to provide conditions of visibility adequate for accurate, ·
certain and comfortable seeing.

3.5.11 Emergency lighting is called for in case of AC supply failure in substations.

In indoor installations such as a control room, switchgear rooms, etc., DC lamps
connected to the DC supply system should be provided at suitable locations. These
are brought into service in case of AC supply failure. These are normally wired
through automatic changeover contactor at the DC distribution board. In workshops/
repair shops and machine hall, where mercury/sodium vapour lamps are employed,
provision should be made for one incandescent lamp fitting of suitable power for a
group of 4 to 6 mercury/sodium vapour lamps. This would avoid an extended total
blackout in the event of a voltage dip or momentary interruption of AC supply, as the
discharge lamps take a few minutes to give full light output again.

3.6 COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEM

3.6.1 Compressed aif system in substation may be required for the operation of air
blast circuit breaker and pneumatically operated circuit breakers and disconnect

I . - - ·-· ..... . ... , . -·· .. ... . ,.... . . ... .. --- .

 J
24

switches. A reliable source of supply of compressed air is very essential for

successful operation of the equipment.
3.6.2 Compressed air requirement of a substation can be met by either a central
compressor system or a unit compressor receiver system.

3.6.2.1 Central Compressor System

3.6.2.1.1 This arrangement is generally provided in substation, where the number of
circuit breakers to be served is large. The central compressor normally works at a
high pressure and through reducing valves, the pressure is reduced at local receiver
of each circuit breaker to a working level. The values of high or low pressure vary
from manufacturer to manufacturer.

However, generally the rated pressure of the central air receiver is kept about twice
the rated pressure for breaker operation. The advantages of choosing higher
pressure for the central receiver are:

(i) Ensured availability of working pressure in the circuit breaker received

immediately after one specified duty operation.

(ii) Elimination of moisture in the compressed air, as expansion takes place from
high pressure in the central receiver to working pressure in the circuit breaker
receiver.

(iii) Reduction in storage volume.

3.6.2.1.2 The central compressor system should comprise at least two compressors,
each capable of charging the central air receiver to its rated pressure within
prescribed time. The capacity of the local receiver should be adequate for the
breaker to perform one standard duty cycle. The capacity of the air receiver should
be adequate for the total number of breakers likely to perform one standard duty
cycle simultaneously. The capacity of the air compressor should be adequate so that
the time required for the first charging or charging under normal running conditions
or charging after one standard duty cycle whichever is more critical, does not
exceed the specified limits.

3.6.2.2 Unit Compressor Receiver System

3.6.2.2.1 This system may be provided in the substations, where the number of
circuit breakers to be served is small. In this arrangement, each circuit breaker shall
have its own compressor and receiver. A single compressor is used but a connector
is provided to allow a portable compressor to be coupled for maintenance purposes
or in emergency. In such an arrangement, the storage capacity of the local receiver
should be sufficient for two or three operations without recharging. The usual
 25

practice is that the time to restore 95 percent pressure following a break operation is
3-5 minutes or even less.

3.6.3 Compressed air always contains moisture to some extent which must be
eliminated so as to ensure the safety of operation.

3.6.4 The pipe from the air supply system to the circuit breaker should be normally
of ring main or double bus type to ensure continuity of supply. Formerly, solid drawn
copper piping was used for compressed air but, in view of the acute shortage of
copper, it is not economical to use copper piping. Instead black steel or galvanized
iron piping may be used. Screwed malleable iron fittings should be used for low
pressure (7atm. and lower). Where high pressures are encountered, flanged forged
black steel fittings may be used.

3.6.5 A typical central compre~sor arrangement for a substation using air blast
circuit breakers is shown in Fig. 3.

3.7 CRANE FACILITIES

3.7.1 Large substation sometimes has the facilities of repair bay along with a crane
of adequate capacity for handling the heaviest equipment which is usually the
transformer. In view of heavy cost and infrequent use, however, this facility is not
provided in all substations. In the case of substations near the generating stations,
the service bay and crane facilities normally available at the generating station are
utilized. In the case of substations, which are not near a generating stations, crane
and service bay facilities may be provided at one centrally located substation to
serve a group of nearby substations connected by road or rail.

3.7.2 Provision of a rail track should be made for movement of transformer from
switchyard to the repair bay. Point for jacking pad should be provided at the
transformer foundation, to facilitate 90° turn on the rail track for changing the
direction of wheels.

3.8 FIRE PROTECTION FACILITIES

3.8.1 In view of a large number of oil-filled equipments in a substation, it is very

important that proper attention is given to isolation, limitation and extinguishing of
fire so as to avoid damage to costly equipment, reduce chances of serious
dislocation of power supply and ensure safety of personnel. The first step in this
direction is inherent in the design and layout of the substation itself, which should be
such that if fire occurs in any equipment it should be limited and isolated so. that it
does not spread to other equipments. For this purpose the following are the general
guidelines:

I ········ ·· .. ..... ··· ·-· ..

26

(i) The spacing of the equipment should be considered. Extra space is not
usually provided for fire isolation, but the space available is taken into account
in deciding other isolation measures.

(ii) Fire isolation walls should · be provided between large oil-filled equipments
such as two or more transformers placed adjacent to each other. These
should be of adequate strength and of such size that the adjacent equipment
is reasonably safe from fire risk due to burning oil flying from the equipment on
fire.

(iii) In indoor areas automatic fireproof doors should be provided for rooms which
house major oil-filled equipment. The rooms should also be constructed with
a view to isolating the fire.
(iv) Soak pits or drain pits should be provided below large oil-filled equipment to
drain off the burning oil falling below the equipment.
(v) Minor items of oil-filled equipment should be placed in beds of gravel or
pebbles which wfll quench and prevent the spread of burning oil.
(vi) Care should be exercised that any prospective fire can be easily approached
for quenching. In closed spaces and buildings attention should also be given
to evacuation of personnel (Refer IS: 1646).
(vii) All oil pipes and cable trenches should be sectionalised by means of cross
walls. ·

3.8.2 A well coordfnated system of fire protection should be provided to cover all
areas of the substation and all types of likely fires. The details of fire protection have
to be worked out on the basis of size, type and location of the substation,
accessibility and degree of attendance. Care should be taken that any fire can be
fought from more than one source and dependence is not placed on single
equipment for this purpose:

3.8.3 The subject of fire safety involving electrical equipment is exhaustively

covered in latest IS: 1646, IS: 3034 and CBIP Manual on Transformer.

3.8.4 Fire Fighting System

3.8.4.1 All substations should be equipped with fire fighting systems conforming to
the requirements given in latest IS:1646 and Fire Protection Manual Part-I issued by
Tariff Advisory Committee of Insurance Companies.

3.8.4.2 Trailer pumps where provided should draw their water supply from ground
tanks of suitable sizes, the location and distribution of which shall be such that no
item to be protected is more than about 90m away from any ground tank.
 ....

27

3.8.4.3 The more valuable equipment or areas forming concentrated fire risk should
be covered by special fire protective systems. In this class are:
(a) Transformers, both indoor and outdoor:
(b) Oil-filled reactors:
(c) Oil-filled switchgear:
(d) Oil tanks and oil pumps:
(e) Oil, grease and paint stores: and
(f) Synchronous condensers.

3.8.4.4 Although the substitution of bulk-oil and minimum oil circuit breakers by SF6
gas circuit breakers has reduced the risk of fires in electrical installations,
considerable risk still exists on account of transformers, reactors, cables etc., ·which
contain combustible insulating materials. Fires in live electrical equipment, motors,
machinery etc. ·fall in class C according to the Tariff Advisory Committee
Classification of Fires. It is necessary to provide efficient Fire Protection Systems in
the Electrical li;istallations. Fire Protection System consists of the following:
(i) Fire Prevention
(ii) Fire Detection and annunciation
(iii) Fire Extinguishing.

3.8.5 Fire Prevention

3.8.5.1 Fire prevention is of utmost importance and should be given its due if risk of
occurrence of fires has to be eliminated/minimized. The safety and preventive
measures applicable for substations as recommended by the relevant authorities
must be strictly followed while planning the substations.

3.8.5.2 All fire fighting equipment and systems should be properly maintained.
Regular mock drills should be conducted and substation staff made aware of
importance of fire prevention and imparted training in proper use of the fire fighting
equipment provided in various parts of the substation, control room building etc.

3.8.6 Fire Detection and Annunciation

3.8.6.1 Fire detection if carried out at the incipient stage can help in timely
containment and extinguishing of fire speedily. Detection can either be done visually
by the personnel present in vicinity of the site of occurrence or automatically with the
use of detectors operating on the principles of fixed temperature, resistance
variation, differential thermal expansion, rate of rise of temperature, presence of
smoke, gas, flame etc. Fire detectors of the following types are usually used:

l.II
28

(i) Ionisation type

(ii) Smoke type
(iii) Photoelectric type
(iv) Bimetal type
(v) Linear heat detection type

3.8.6.2 Ionisation ·type detectors are used more commonly. However in areas like
cable vaults, Ionisation smoke and linear heat detection type detectors are used.
Smoke type detector is effective for invisible smoke, and photoelectric type for
visible smoke. Smoke type detectors incorporate LEDs, which start glowing in the
event of fire.

3.8.6.3 Detectors are located at strategic positions and arranged in zones to

facilitate proper indication of fire location, transmission of Audio-visual signals to Fire
control panels and actuation of the appropriate Fire Fighting Systems. In the rooms
with false ceilings, these are provided above the ceiling as well as below it. For the
detectors located above the false ceilings, remote response indicators should also
be provided.

3.8.6.4 Detectors are provided at the rate Qf one for a maximum area of 80 m2 in the
zones to be covered by the Fire Protection System

3.8.7 Fire Extinguishing

3.8.7.1 The Fire Extinguishing Systems used for fire protection of the various
equipments/building in substations are the following:
(i) Hydrant system.
(ii) High velocity water spray system.
(iii) Portable fire extinguishers.
(iv) Nitrogen injection fire prevention method for transformer only

These are described below briefly.

3.8.8 Hydrant System

3.8.8.1 Hydrant System is installed for the protection of the following areas from fire:
(i) Control room building
(ii) LT. transformer area
(iii) Diesel generator set building

... ·- --····· .... - ···••"" ·---

-
 29

(iv) Fire water pump house

(v) Suitable location in the switchyard.

3.8.8.2 Hydrants are the backbone of Fire Fighting System as these can help
fighting fires of all intensities in all classes of fires and continue to be in service even
if the affected buildings/structures have collapsed. These keep the adjoining
properties/buildings cool and thereby save them from the serious effects of fire and
minimize the risk of explosions.

3.8.8.3 The Hydrant System is supplied water from Fire Water Pump House. Fire
Water Pump House is located by the side of Fire Water Storage Tanks constructed
within the substation boundary limits. These tanks are made of RCC above ground
such that these are easily accessible. Water from these tanks is pumped into the
Fire Hydrant System with horizontal centrifugal pumps.

3.8.8.4 The Hydrant System essentially consists of a network of pipes, laid both
above ground and underground, which feed water under pressure to a number of
hydrant valves located at strategic locations throughout the substation. Pressure in
the piping is maintained with the help of hydro-pneumatic tanks and jockey pumps.
Jockey pumps compensate for minor leakages also. The hydro-pneumatic tanks are
pressurized with compressed air supplied by two air-compressors of which one is
working at a time and other acts as standby.

Adjacent to the Hydrants, hosepipes, branch pipes and nozzles are kept in Hose
Boxes. In case of fire, the hoses with nozzles are coupled to the respective hydrants
and water jet is directed towards the seat of fire.

3.8.8.5 On drop of pressure in the piping network below a preset value, the Hydrant
Pump starts automatically and continues to run till it is stopped manually after fire
has been extinguished.

3.8.8.6 The quantity of water to be available for fire protection and the number of
fire water pumps depend on the total number of hydrants which are provided as per
guidelines of Tariff Advisory Committee Manual, according to which substations fall
in "Light Fire Hazard" category. The parameters of Fire Water Pumps as per TAC
guidelines are given below.
3
(a) For the total number of hydrants upto twenty, one no pump of 96 m /hr
capacity with a pressure of 5.6 kg/cm 2 (gauge)
(b) For the total number of hydrants exceeding twenty u~to fifty five, one no.
pump of 137 m3/hr capacity with a pressure of 7.0 kg/cm (gauge) .
(c) For the total number of hydrants exceeding fi~ five, upto hundred, one no.
pump of 171 m3/hr with a pressure of 7.0 kg/cm (gauge)

..... . ... . .. ······ .. .

 ••

30

3.8.8.7 As per TAC guidelines, the jockey pump should have a capacity of 10.8
m3/hr. and the hydro-pneumatic tank should have a capacity of 18 m3 . The effective
capacity of the Fire Water Tank should be not less than one hour of aggregate
pumping capacity, with a minimum of 135 m3 .

3.8.8.8 All components of the Hydrant System such as piping, valves, fittings,
hoses, branch pipes, nozzles etc. should be of approved make acceptable to TAC.

3.8.9 High Velocity Water (HVW) Spray System

3.8.9.1 This type of Fire Protection System is provided for the following types of
equipment:
(i) Power Transformer, both auto and multi-winding
(ii) Shunt Reactors
This system is designed on the assumption that one reactor/transformer is on fire at
a time. For this assumption, the largest piece of equipment forms the basis.

3.8.9.2 High Velocity Water Spray System consists of a network of projectors

arranged around the equipment to be protected. Water under pressure is directed
into the projector network through a deluge valve from a piping network exclusively
laid for the Spray System. Water leaves the projectors in the form of conical spray
of water droplets travelling at high velocity.

3.8.9.3 The high velocity droplets bombard the surface of oil and form an emulsion
of oil and water which does not support combustion. This emulsion converts a
flammable liquid into a non-inflammable one. However, this emulsion is not of a
stable character and therefore shortly after the water is shut off, oil starts to separate
out from water which can be drained away, leaving the oil behind unimpaired.

3.8.9.4 The rate of burning of a flammable liquid depends upon the rate at which it
vaporizes and the supply of oxygen to support combustion. It is the maximum when
the rate of burning of the flammable liquid is the maximum and the surface of the
liquid is near boiling point. The .Qigh velocity water spray system while forming an
emulsion, intersperses cold water.with the liquid, cools it and Jowers down the rate of
vapourisation which prevents further escape of flammable vapours. During passage
of water droplets through flames, some,._ of the water gets converted into steam,
which dilutes oxygen in the air supporting the fire and creates a smoothering effect,
which aids in extinguishing the fire.

3.8.9.5 An automatic deluge valve triggered by a separate system of quartzoid bulb

detector heads mounted on a pipe work array charged with water, at HVW spray
mains pressure, initiates the HVW Spray System operation. When a fire causes one
or more of the quartzoid bulbs to operate, pressure in the detector pipe work falls
 31

and this allows the deluge valve to open thereby permitting water to flow to all the
projectors in the open pipe array covering the risk.

3.8.9.6 Water Supply to HVW Spray System

(a) Two pumps are provided for HVW Spray System. Of these, one is electric
motor driven and the other diesel engine driven. The capacity and head of the
pumps is selected to protect the biggest risk. It has been experienced that
each pump having a capacity of 410 m3/hr is usually adequate for the biggest
risk in substations.

(b} These pumps are located in Fire Water Pump House. Suitable connection
with the Hydrant System is provided so as to allow flow of water from Hydrant
System to HVW Spray System but not in the reverse direction.

(c) Standby diesel engine driven pump is a common standby facility for HVW
spray as well as Hydrant System.

(d) Th ese pumps are automatically started through pressure switches located
sequentially in headers. However, stopping of the pumps is done manually
after the fire gets extinguished.

(e) The values of pressure of running water and discharge density given below
are recommended for HVW Spray System :

(i) Minimum pressure of running = 3.5 Bar

at any projector at any instance.

(ii) Maximum pressure of running water = 5.0 Bar

at any projector at any instance

(iii) Discharge density on gro~nd surface = 6.1 lpm/m2

(iv) Discharge density on other surface = Not less than

10.2 1pm/rn2
3.8.10 Water Supplies
3.8.10.1 Water for fire fighting purposes should be supplied from the water storage
tanks meant exclusively for the purpose. The aggregate storage capacity of these
tan.ks should be equal to the sum of the following:
3
(i) One-hour pumping capacity of Hydrant System or 135 m which over is more.

(ii) Half-an-hour water requirement for single largest risk covered by HVW Spray
System.

I . . .... - ··· ······ .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .

32

The water storage tank made of RCC construction over ground should be in two
parts.

3.8.10.2 Fire Water pumps located in the Fire Water Pump House should have
pumping head suitable to cover the facilities for future stages also. The piping
system should be designed to permit extensions without disruption in the existing
system. The material of piping is mild steel as per IS: 1239/IS: 3589 medium grade.
The piping laid underground is coated and wrapped against corrosion as per IS:
10221 and the piping laid over ground consists of galvanised mild steel.

3.8.10.3 All equipment and accessories, constituting the HVW Spray System, such
as flow control valve, heat detectors, projector nozzles, piping, valves, fittings,
instrumentation etc., should be of approved makes acceptable to TAC.

3.8.11 Portable and Mobile Fire Extinguishers

3.8.11.1 Portable and Mobile Fire Extinguishers are provided at suitable locations
for indoor/outdoor applications. These extinguishers are used during early stages of
localised fires to prevent them from spreading. Following types of these
extinguishers are usually provided.
(i) Pressurised Water Type in 9.01 kg size
I
(ii) Carbon Dioxide Type in 4.5 kg size
(iii) Dry Chemical Type in 5.0 kg size
(iv) Halon type in 5.0 kg size
(v) Mechanical foam Type in 501trs, 901trs.

For the quantities of these types and their applications, the norms given in TAC
manual should be followed.
• The make of these extinguishers should also be acceptable to TAC.
• Halon type fire extinguishers are now getting phased out on account of their
negative effect on the atmosphere.
• The transformers shall be protected by automatic high velocity water spray
system or by carbon dioxide or BCF (Bromochloro-difluromethane) or BTM
(Bromotrifluromethane) fixed installation system or Nitrogen injection and drain
method.
• Nitrogen injection fire prevention method is being used by a few utilities at
present.

. - .. - . . .... - - ··· ... ..... .... .. .. .... ........ .

-
33

3.8.12 Instrumentation and Control

3.8.12.1 Fire Protection System should include suitable instrumentation and

necessary controls to render the system efficient and reliable. There should be local
control panels for each of the pumps individually as also for the operation of deluge
valve of the HVW Spray System. There should be a common control panel for the
Jockey Pump and Air Compressors. Main annunciation panel should be provided in
the control room for the facilities provided in the control room and for repeating some
annunciation from pump house.
3.8.12.2 The following Annunciation is usually provided in the Fire Water Pump
House:
(i) Electric motor driven HVW spray pump running/fails to start
(ii) Diesel engine driven HVW spray pump running/fails to start
(iii) Hydrant pump running/fails -to start
(iv) Jockey pump running/fails to start
(v) Air compressor fails to start
(vi) Hydro-pneumatic tank pressure low
(vii) Hydro-pneumatic tank pressure high
(viii) System header pressure low
(ix) Fire in transformer/reactor.
(x) Fire in smoke detection system
(xi) Water storage tank water level low
(xii) High speed diesel oil tank level low

3.8.1 2.3 The following Annunciations should be available in the control room also:
(i) Fire in transformer/reactor
(ii) Hydrant pump/diesel engine operated HVW spray pump in operation
(iii) Motor operated HVW spray pump in operation
(iv) Fire/Fault in Zone 1
(v) Fire/Fault in Zone 2
(vi) Fire/Fault in Zone 3
(vii) Fire/Fault in Zone 4(depending on the number of zones)
3.8.1 2.4 All fire protection equipment should be covered by a regular and strict
maintenance and test routine. The hydrant systems should be checked every week
34

which may be possible during night shifts. Sprinkler systems should be checked at
regular intervals. Portable equipment should be charged at specified intervals and
checked regularly for loss of charge, damage, etc. Records of all tests and checks
must be maintained.

3.8.12.5 Provision should be made to switch off the air conditioning equipment in
case of fire.

3.8.12.6 Cable entry openings shall be sealed to prevent the spreading of fire.

3.8.13 Diagram of Fire Fighting System

A flow diagram of a typical HVW Spray and Hydrant System is enclosed as Fig. 5.

3.9 DC AUXILARY SUPPLY

3.9.1 DC Auxiliary supply is required fo r relays, instrumentation, closing and tripping

of circuit breakers, emergency lighting, control board indications, etc. During normal
operation, battery charger (rec!lifier bridge with Silicon diodes and Silicon control
rectifiers) provides the required DC supply. However, to take care of failure of the
AC supply (rectifier), a storage battery of adequate capacity is provided to meet the
DC requirement. Normally, the storage battery merely keeps floating on the direct
current system and supplies current in case of failure of the rectifier in substation. It
is desirable to provide duplicate rectifiers to meet the contingency of rectifier failure.
An arrangement shall be made to supply an uninterrupted DC supply to load
wherever the·batte_ry charger is facilitated with float/trickle/boost charging.

3.9.2 The voltage commonly used for the DC auxiliary supply is 110 or 220 volts
batteries for substations and 48 volts for PLCC. Generally lead acid batteries are
used.

3.9.3 Capacity of the battery should be adequate to supply.

(a) Momentary current requ ired for the operation of switchgear.
(b) The continuous load of indicating lamps, holding coils for relays contactors,
etc.,
(c) Emergency lighting load.

3.9.4 Complete DC equipment for a, substation· may be divided into three parts i.e.,
storage battery and accessories, ch«:irgirig equipment and distribution board.

3.9.5 The charging equipment generally consists of float cl)arger and boost charger.
In major substations, twin float chargers and twin boost·cl:largers or with float cum
-boost charges with a suitable switching cubicle a·re generally used for rel iability.
 35

3.9.6 The distribution board has an incoming circuit from the DC battery and a
number of out going circuits for closing and tripping, alarm and indication for control
and relay panels. A separate circuit is provided for the emergency load normally fed
from AC supply but is automatically switched on to DC supply in the event of AC
power failure.

3.10 AC AUXILIARY SUPPLY

3.10.1 AC supply both single and three-phase, are needed in a substation for
internal use for several functions such as:
(a) Illumination.
(b) Battery charging
(c) Transformer cooling system
(d) Oil filtration plant
(e) Transformer tap-changer drives
(I) Air compressors
(g) Power supplies for communication equipment
(h) Crane
(i) Breakers/disconnect switch motors
(j) Fire protection system
I (k) Space heaters in cubicles and marshalling kiosks
(I) Air-conditioning/ventilation equipment

3.10.2 Auxiliary Transformer

The design of AC auxiliary supply system must be.such that it ensures continuity of
supply under all conditions, as far as practicable, reliability being the basic
requirement. In a substation, it is normally provided from a station transformer
connected to the 11 kV or 33 kV station bus. Its -capacity should be adequate to
meet the demands of all the essential connected loads. Generally, two such
transformers are provided in all major substations.
3_ 10.3 In case of transformers where tertiary winding is available one auxiliary
transformer can be connected to tertiary of transformer for station power supply with
adequate insulation margin and protection to save the damage to main transformers
from the Secondary system faults.
3.10.4 The station transformer is connected to the indoor AC distribution panel
through duplicate cables. Duplicate feeds to important loads. are made from the AC
distribution· panels through outlets, which are controlled, by switch fuses or circuit
breakers.

J
 '
36

In the event of shutdown 'of the entire station, ensure availability of AC auxiliary
supply for charging of protective equipments, DG set shall preferably be provided in
major substations with Auto Main Fail (AMF) panel preferably. Change over scheme
shall be provided in AC distribution panel, to feed important loads by DG set.

3.10.5 Incomer of AC distribution panel shall be provided with 4-pole breaker either
it may be from auxiliary transformer or from DG set.

3.11 VENTILATION

3.11.1 Battery Room Ventilation

Exhaust fans should be provided. Further it is necessary to ensure sufficient air inlet
to the battery room by providing blowers, if necessary. Exhaust alone without air
inlet, a negative pressure will be created in the battery room which will cause

(a) Evaporation of electrolyte even at the normal room temperature and the fine
spray of electrolyte will settle on cells, stands etc., reducing the electrical
insulation of the battery from the ground.

(b) The hydrogen evolved from the battery may form an explosive mixture if the
room pressure has reduced.
 Chapter 4

BUS-BAR SCHEMES
4.1 TYPES OF BUS BAR SCHEMES
The various types of bus-bar schemes generally considered in this Manual are:
(a) Single bus-bar
(b) Main and transfer bus-bar
(c) Double bus-bar
(d) Double main and transfer bus
(e) Ring bus-bar and mesh bus-bar
(f) One-and-half circuit breaker
(g) Double-bus double-breaker scheme

4.2 SELECTION OF BUS-BAR SCHEME

4.2. 1 The selection of a bus-bar scheme and its possible extension is an important
initial step in substation design. The aspects which influence this decision are
operational flexibility, system safety, reliability, availability, ability to facilitate system
control and cost. Fi~fure 6 (A to J) shows the various bus-bar arrangements and
Fig. 6 (K) shows the graphic symbols for various equipment. An important factor in
selection of bus-bar scheme is the degree of reliability of supply expected during
maintenance or faults. Careful consideration has also to be given regarding the
amount of redundancy to be provided so as to determine the equipment, which can
be permitted out of use on account of maintenance or faults. Certain amount of
sectionalisation has also to be provided in a substation so as to ensure that in the
event of a fault, a large power source does not get disconnected. In the case of
step-up substations associated with large generating stations a fault within the
substation may have serious repercussions from the point of view of the system
operating as a whole and, therefore, a very high degree of reliability is required in
such cases as compared to step down or switching stations. Similarly, the exposure
of a substatipn to atmospheric hazards such as lightning, marine and industrial
pollution etc.; also plays an important part in deciding the type of the bus-bar
system. Future expansion of the bus-bar system at least in a foreseable future may
also be considered.

4.3 Single Bus-Bar Scheme

4.3.1 This is the simplest scheme, in which each circuit is provided with one circuit
breaker (Fig. 6 (A)). This arrangement offers little security against bus bar isolator
maintenance. The entire substation is lost in case of a fault on the bus bar or any

I
I
 -I
.,

38

bus-bar isolator and also in case of maintenance thereof. Another disadvantage is I

that in case of maintenance of circuit breaker associated feeder has also to be
shutdown. One of the methods for reducing the number of circuits lost in case of a
bus fault is to sectionalise the bus as shown in Fig. 6 (B).
4.3.2 The arrangement in Fig. 6 (C) is a improvement over that shown in Fig. 6 (B),
as additional by-pass isolators are provided to permit feeder circuit breakers to be
taken out for maintenance without switching out the associated feeder. On
occurrence of a fault on the feeder connected to bus bar through by-pass isolator,
the other feeder on that bus section will also be lost.

4.4 MAIN AND TRANSFER BUS ARRANGEMENT (Fig. 6 (D))

This is technically a single bus bar arrangement with an additional bus bar called
"Transfer bus" energised from main bus bars through a bus coupler circuit, i.e., for
'n' number of circuits it employs n+1 circuit breakers. The additional provision of
transfer bays and bus coupler circuit facilitates taking out one circuit breaker at a
time for routine overhaul and maintenance without de-energising the circuit 1
controlled by that breaker as that circuit then gets energised through bus coupler
breaker and transfer bus bar. Each circuit is connected to the main bus-bar through
a circuit breaker with isolators on both side and through an isolator to the transfer
bus-bar.
As in the case of single bus arrangement, this scheme also suffers from the
disadvantage that in the event of a fault on the main bus bar or the associated
isolator, there is a complete shutdown of the substation. Complete shut down can be
avoided through sectionalizing the main bus with the provision of additional one
single phase bus PT for synchronization in case of more than eight bays. This
scheme has been used in India, USA and also in some of the European countries,
particularly for step-down substations, as bus-bar faults are rare.

4.5 DOUBLE BUS-BAR SCHEME

4.5.1 In this scheme a double bus bar is provided and each circuit can be
connected to either one of these bus-bar isolators as shown in Fig. 6 (E). Bus
coupler breaker is also provided so that the circuits can be switched on from one
bus to the other on-load. The scheme suffers from the disadvantage that when the
circuit breaker is taken out for maintenance, the associated feeder has to be
shutdown. This can be avoided by providing, a by-pass isolator across circuit
breaker as shown in Fig. 6 (E). But under this condition all the circuits have to be
transferred to one bus and protection of feeder has to be transferred to bus coupler.
This scheme has the limitation that only one bus is available when any breaker has
to be taken out for maintenance. The double bus-bar scheme with by-pass is
available when any breaker has to be taken out of maintenance. The double bus-bar
scheme with by-pass isolator across circuit breakers is very suitable for large
generating stations as well as large grid substations forming part of a well inter-

l
 39

connected system wherein a variety of grouping of circuits is required, Fig. 6 (F)

shows another alternative of this scheme. In this alternative the by-pass isolators are
connected to one of the main bus bars as shown. This scheme constitutes double
bus-bar Scheme with main reserve and transfer bus-bars.

In both these schemes, use of temporary earthing device is called for during breaker
maintenance. As temporary earthing drives can result in serious. accidents, if not
removed, it is preferable to provide the isolators on either sides of the circuit
breakers across which bypass isolators are provided with integral earthing switcnes
having mechanical interlocking features.

4..6 DOUBLE MAIN AND TRANSFER BUS-BAR SCHEME

The limitation of scheme Fig. 6 (F) can be overcome .bY using additional transfer
bus, transfer bus breaker and isolators as shown in Fig. 6 (G). In this arrangement,
the feeder, the breaker of which is to be maintained is transferred to the transfer bus
with.out affecting the other circuits. This scheme has been widely used for the highly
interconnected power networks where switching flexibility is important and multiple
supply routes are available. This scheme i? also used for splitting networks, which
are only connected in emergencies.

4.7 MESH BUS-BAR SCHEME (Fig. 6 (H))

4.7.1 Each circuit is controlled by two circuit breakers and therefore, any one, 9ircuit
breaker can be taken out for maintenance without affecting the security of supply. A
circuit fault also is cleared by opening of two breakers. In both cases the ring is
broken and the bus-bar is reduced to sectionalised single bus-bar scheme. In the
case of a feeder fault, the circuit isolator can be opened, the faulty feeder
disconnected and both the breakers closed which would close the ring. This system
has got a number of advantages such as maintenance of a circuit breaker without
loss of supply and without providing by-pass facilities, loss of only the faulty feeder
in case of a feeder fault, and loss of only two circuits in case of a circuit breaker
fault. There are, however, some problems such as occurrence of a fault when a
circuit breaker is being maintained resulting in a double break in the mesh and
capacity limitation of the equipment to pass the maximum current that may flow
round the mesh. If these are provided for, it adds to cost of the station. In view of
these problems, it is considered desirable to limit the number of circuits on the
mesh.

4.7.2 The mesh scheme is very suitable where the number of circuits is
comparatively small and chances of future expansion are less such as substations
associated with generating plants and also step-down substations operating at extra
high voltages. This scheme has been used on many of our early installations.
However, during the recent past there have not been many installations of this type
as this scheme does not lend itself easily to further expansion. However, the mesh

I
JI
 .,

-
1
40
I
arrangement has been widely used in UK for their 275 kV and 400 kV substations
I
and also in USA for their high voltage installations operating at 230 kV and above.

4.8 ONE-AND-HALF BREAKER SCHEME (FIG. 6 (I & J))

4.8.1 In this scheme three circuit breakers are used for controlling two circuits as
shown in Fig. 6 (I & J). Normally, both the bus-bars are in service .
•
A fa ult on any bus is cleared by the opening of the associated circuit breakers
without affecting continuity for supply. Similarly, any circuit breaker can be taken out
for maintenance without causing interruption. All load transfer is done by the
breakers and therefore, the operation is simple. However relaying is somewhat more
involved as the third breaker has to be responsive to troubles on either feeder in the
correct sequence. Besides, each breaker has to be suitable for carrying the currents
of two circuits to meet the requ irements of various switching operations, which may
in some cases increase the cost. The breaker and a half scheme is suitable for
those substations which handle large amounts of power on each circuit. The scheme
has been widely used in USA particularly for their EHV substations operating at 330
kV and above. This scheme has been applied widely in the 420 kV systems in this
country also.

4.9 DOUBLE-BUS AND DOUBLE-BREAKER SCHEME

In this scheme two circuit breakers are used for controlling one circuit as shown in
Fig. 6 (K). Normally both bus-bars are in service. Similar to breaker and half
scheme, a fault on any bus is cleared by opening of the associated circuit breakers
without affecting continuity of supply. Similarly any circuit breaker can be taken out
of maintenance without causing interruption. All load transfer is done by breaker and
therefore, the operation is simple and relaying is also simpler compared to breaker
and half scheme. Because of increase in number of breakers per bay and higher
cost, double bus double breaker scheme is suitable for those substations, which
handle large amount of power.

: ;

••
 Chapter 5

SAFETY CLEARANCES
5.1 OVER-VOLTAGE AND INSULATION LEVEL

5.1.1 All equipment installed in a substation are designed to take into account of the
rated power frequency voltage of network; temporary over voltages at power
frequency caused by e.g. sudden loss of load and I or earth faults; switching over
voltages and lightning over voltages. Accordingly equipment is subject to following
voltage tests.
(a) Lightning impulse withstand voltage (1 .2/50 micro sec.) .
(b) Switching impulse withstand voltage (250/2500 micro sec.)
(c) Short duration power frequency withstand voltage (50 Hz) (wet and I or dry)
(d) Combined voltage test

Additionally an oscillating voltage or chopped wave test may be required.

5.1 .2 The set of test voltage values determines the insulation level. Standard
insulating levels are defined in IEC: 60071-1, -2 or relevant IS. For equipment
voltage upto 245 kV, IEC60071-1 specifies s"tandard rated short duration power
frequency and lightning impulse withstand voltages. For equipment voltage beyond
245 kV, IEC60071-1 specifies standard rated switching and lightning impulse
withstand voltages. The necessary insulation level depends on the insulation co-
ordination, i.e., on the properties of different components of the network (mainly
lines), the protection used against overvoltages (ZnO surge arrester are very
effective), on altitude and also on the required reliability of the substation
(permissible probability of flashover) and may vary in different parts of the same
substation.

5.1.3 All EHV apparatus are generally protected against lightning as well as
switching over voltage. The equipment used for protection are coordinated with
protected apparatus to ensu.re safe operation as well as .to maintain the stability of
the interconnected units of the power system.

5.2 SOME DEFINITIONS

5.2.1 Insulation Co-ordination

The selection of the dielectric strength of equipment in relation to the voltages which
can appear on the system for which the equipment is intended and taking into
account the service environment and the characteristic of the available protective
devices.

···--- ·- - ---·· ·--·- ··

42

Note : "Dielectric strength" of the equipment, is meant here its rated or its standard
insulation level
The primary objectives of insulation co-ordination are :
• To establish the maximum steady state, temporary and transient over-voltage
levels to which the various components of a system may be subjected in
practice.
• To select tl)e insulation strength and characteristics of equipment, including
those for protective devices, used in order to ensure a safe, economic and
reliable installation in the event of the above over-voltages.

5.2.2 Rated Insulation Level

A set of standard withstand voltages which characterize the electric strength of the
insulation.
The selection of the rated insulation level consists of the selection of the most
economical set of standard withstand voltages (Uw) of the insulation sufficient to
prove that all the required .withstand voltages are met.

5.2.3 Standard Insulation Level

A rated insulation level, the standard withstand voltages which are associated to
highest v9ltage (Um) as recommended in IEC.

5.2.4 "Installation" means any composite electrical unit used for the purpose of
generating, transforming, transmitting, converting, distribution or utilizing energy.

5.2.5 Safety Clearance

Minimum clearance from any point on or about the permanent equipment where a
man may be required to stand (measured 'from position of the feet) to the nearest
unscreened live conductor in air.

5.2.6 "Earthed ' or "Connected with Earth": means connected with the general mass
of earth in such manner as to ensure at all times an immediate discharge of energy
without danger.

5.2.7 "Earthing system" means an electrical system in which all the conductors are
earthed.

5.3 ELECTRICAL CLEARANCE

5..3.1 As per Indian Electricity Rules, all electric supply lines and apparatus shall be
of sufficient rating for power, insulation and estimated fault current and of sufficient
mechanical strength, for the duty which they may be required to perform under the
environmental conditions of installation and shall be constructed, installed,

I
 43

protected, worked and maintained in such manner as to ensure safety of human

being, animal and property.

5.3.2 It is not possible to test the whole HV installation by corresponding test

voltages. Steps are to be taken to avoid flashover occurring below the impulse
withstand level. Therefore minimum clearance in air between live parts or between
live and dead parts are stated, to obtain the required insulation level in
arrangements which have not been tested. Smaller clearances are permissible if the
particular arrangement has been tested by the prescribed insulation test
(IEC:60071-1, -2 ) taking into account all relevant environmental condition e.g. rain,
pollution. The specified electrical clearance must be maintained under all normal
conditions.

5.3.3 The clearooces may also be lower, where it has been confirmed by operating
experience that the over voltages are lower than those expected in the selection of
the standard withstand voltages or that the gap configuration is more favourable
than that assumed for the recommended clearances.

5.3.4 The various equipments and other facilities discussed in Chapters 2, 3 and 4
have to be so arranged within the substation that certain minimum clearances are
always available from the point of view of the system reliability and safety of
operating personnel.

The following parameters are usually defined:

(a) Minimum height of live parts above the accessible surface.
(b) Minimum height of lowest parts of insulators above the accessible surface.
(c) Minimum horizontal distance between a live part and protective rails, fences,
etc.
(d) Minimum distance between a live part and human body (or conductive tools)
during the work in the substation.
5.3.5 Clearances as per Indian Standard Code are provided for electrical apparatus
so that sufficient space is available for easy operation and maintenance without any ·
hazard to operating and maintenance personnel working near the equipment and for
ensuring adequate ventilation. These include the minimum clearances from live
parts to earth, between live parts of adjacent phases and sectional clearances
between live parts and work section required for maintenances of an equipment.
Besides, it is also necessary that sufficient clearance to ground is also available
within the substation so as to ensure safety of the personnel moving about within the
switchyard.
5.3.6 The minimum air clearance to ground and between phases are function of
switching, lightning impulse withstand voltage, environmental condition and gap
factor which depends on electrode configuration. For voltage upto 245 kV, usually

I
44

lightning over voltages are considered the governing factor whereas for 420 kV and
higher voltage switching over voltage are considered the governing factor.

5.3.7 For determination of phase-to-ground air clearance, the "rod-structure"

configuration is the worst electrode configuration normally encountered in practice;
the "conductor-structure" configuration covers a large range of normally used
configuration. But the necessary inter-phase clearance is more related to the "rod-
conductor" and "conductor- conductor" configuration. The unsymmetrical " rod-
conductor" configuration is the worst electrode configuration normally encountered
in service. The "conductor-conductor" configuration covers all symmetrical
configurations with similar electrode shapes on the two phases.

5.3.8 For voltage upto 245 kV, the air clearance phase-to-earth and phase-to-phase
is determined from for the rated lightning impulse withstand voltage. For voltage
greater than 245 kV, the phase-to-earth clearances is the higher value of the
clearances determined for the rod -structure configuration for the standard lightning
impulse and for the standard switching impulse withstand voltages. The phase-to-
phase clearance is the higher value of the clearance determined for the rod-
structure configuration for the standard lightning impulse and for the standard
switching impulse withstand voltage . .

5.3.9 Table 5.1 gives the recommended values of clearance required for substation
up to 800 kV.
Table 5.1 : Recommended Clearances
Highest Lightning Switching Minimum clearances ' Safety
system impulse impulse voltage clearances
voltage voltage (kVp) (mm)
. CkVl lkVnl
Between Between
Phase and Phases (mm)
Earthlmm\
36 170 - 320 320 2800
72.5 325 - 630 630 3100
123 450 - 900 900 3400
550 1100 1100 3700
145 550 - 1100 1100 3700
650 1300 1300 3800
245 950 - 1900 1900 4300
1050 2100 2100 4600
420 1425 1050 (Ph·E) 3400' - 6400
1575 (Ph-Phl - 4200..
800 2100 1550 (Ph-E) 6400· 9400.. 10300
2550 (Ph-Ph)
• Based on Rod-structure air gap.
Based on Rod-Conductor air gap.
S This value of air clearances are the minimum values dictated by electrical consideration and do not
irclude any addition for construction tolerances, effect of short circuits, wind effects and safety of
personnel, etc.

I
 45

Notes:

• Safety clearances are based on the insulation height of 2.44 m which is the
height of lowest point on the insulator where it meets the earthed Metal.
• The distances indicated above are not applicable to equipment which has
been subjected to impulse test since mandatory clearances might hamper the
design of the equipment, increase its cost.
• The values in Table refer to an attitude not exceeding 1000 m and take into
account the most unfavourable conditions which may result from the
atmospheric pressure variation, temperature and moisture. A correction factor
of 1.25% per _100 m is to be applied for increasing the air clearance for
altitudes more than 1000 m and upto 3000 m.
• No safety clearance is required between the bus-bar isolator or the bus-bar
insulators. However, safety clearance is necessary between the section
isolator or the bus-bar itself and the circuit breaker.
• For the purpose of computing the vertical clearance of an overhead strung
conductor the maximum sag of any conductor shall be calculated on the basis
·of the maximum sag in still air and the maximum temperature as specified.

5.3.1 O. As an alternative to maintain safety clearances in some substation earthed

barriers are used to ensure safety of the maintenance personnel. The use of earthed
barriers is quite common at lower voltages of 36 kV 72.5 kV. However, as the
voltage increases, the saving in space decreases and at 420 kV level, normally
earthed barriers are not provided. In case paucity of space if 2.44 m clearance is not
available then localized earthed fencing with safety clearance can be considered by
the designer.
 Chapter 6

GAS-INSULATED SWITCHGEAR
6.1 SF5 gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) is now widely used for construction of
compact substations. Some of the applications for which GIS is eminently suited are
listed below:
(i) Installations for which stringent demands regarding security must be met.
(ii) Indoor substations to occupy the minimum space in densely populated urban
areas.
(iii) Installations in areas with high risk of pollution and corrosion from industrial
plants or by marine and desert climates.
(iv) Extension of conventional outdoor installations where space is at a premium.
(v) Replacement of conventional switchgear by SF6 metal clad switchgear for a
higher system voltage without increasing the space occupied.
(vi) Applications involving use of metal clad switchgear with components of
conventional design to minimize area requirement.
(vii) Underground substations for pumped storage and other hydroelectric power
stations.
(viii) Outdoor installation where surface is not easily available.
(ix) Installations in difficult site conditions (e.g., seismically active areas, high
altitude areas etc.).

6.2 CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS

6.2.1 For any single line diagram, there are usually a number of possible physical
arrangements. The shape of the site of installation and the nature of
interconnections,. i.e., lines and/or cables are to be considered. Most GIS designs
were developed initially for double bus, single breaker arrangement. This has been
widely used and provides good reliability, simplicity in operation, easy protective
relaying and excellent economy.

6.2.2 It is found economical to adopt 3-phase enclosure up to 145 kV system

voltage. For system voltages above 145 kV, single-phase enclosure designs are
preferred. Functior:ially, the performance does not differ between 3-phase enclosure
and single-phase enclosure of GIS but, it could depend on users choices.

6.2.3 The GIS components like circuit breakers, load break switches, earthing
switches, isolators, voltage transformers, current transformers, surge arresters and
connectors are functionally separate modules of a standardized modular system .

·· - - -·- ·-············· ·· · ······ ·· ····· ·

48

6.2.4 The enclosure of GIS could be made of aluminium alloy or stainless steel. The
selection of material largely depends on temperature rise considerations and
permissible limits depending on emissivity (solar radiation) and/or temperature rise
of conductor).

6.2.5 SF6 is five times as dense as air. It is used in GIS on pressures from 3.5 - 7
bars absolute. The pressure is so selected that gas will not condense into liquid at
the lowest temperature, the equipment could experience. This gas is about 100
times better than air in terms of interrupting arcs.

6.2.6 Cone or disc shaped insulators moulded from high quality resin support to
active parts in side the enclosures and seNe as barriers between adjacent gas-filled
compartments.

6.2.7 Silver-plated plus contacts provide connections between individual

components and bolted flanges between the enclosures.

6.2.8 The operating mechanism for circuit breaker could be electro-hydraulically

(hydraulic spring drive) operated or spring-spring operated for least maintenance.

6.2.9 The load break switches and high speed earthing switches are operated by
motor charged spring mechanism and the safety earthing switches and disconnects
are operated by motor operated mechanism.

6.2.1O Manual operation of safety earthing switches is also possible as an

alternative to motor operation.

6.2.11 Connectors enable straight line, 90 deg, 120 deg to 180 deg, four way and
T-connections between the various elements.

6.;?.12 The modules include compensating units to permit lateral mounting, axial
compensation, parallel compensation, tolerance compensation, vibration
compensation etc. The lateral mounting units enable sections of switchgear to be
removed and re-inserted without interfering with adjacent parts. Axial compensators
take-up the changes in bus bar length due to temperature variation. Parallel
compensators are intended for accommodating large linear expansions and angle
tolerances. Tolerance compensators are intended to take up manufacturing and
assembly tolerances. Vibration compensators absorb vibrations caused by
transformers connected directly to SF6 switchgear by oiUSF6 bushings.

6.2.1 3 Approximate space requirements for double bus lay out with vertical breaker
scheme can be estimated approximately by assuming the width (3.0 m x 8.5 m x 8.0
m) leaving 1.5 m along the depth, for panels, 2.0 m for movement on either side
along the length of bus bar for 400 kV system

..... .......... . - . ... .. ·-· ·- · ... ··· - · ....... -·

 49

6.2.14 Depending on the bus bar arrangement, the various elements are
assembled to constitute various bays in the desired sequence.

6.3 CONTROL CABINETS

6.3.1 The elements for control, indication and alarms are contained in local control
cabinets mounted close to bays. The elements normally mounted in the control
cabinets consist of the following:
(i) Mimic diagram with control switches for electrically operated breakers, load
break switches, disconnects and earthing switches and indicators for all
components provided with auxiliary switches.
(ii) Local/Remote Selector Switches.
(iii) Alarm facia with indicating lamps for monitoring operating system, gas density
and auxiliary supplies.
(iv) Contactors, timing relays etc.
(v) Terminal blocks.
(vi) Interior lighting, heater, cable glands.
(vii) Lockable bypass switches for defeating the interlocks to facilitate maintenance
work.

6.4 INTERLOCKS

6.4.1 GIS control cabinet includes electrical interlocks to prevent incorrect switching
sequence and ensure correct operations of isolators, circuit breakers and earthing
switches from local control cabinet or from the control room.

6.5 SAFETY LOCKS

6.5.1 Safety locks for locking the disconnects and earthing switches in the positions
"Operation" or "Maintenance" are also provided. In the "Maintenance" position these
locks interrupt the control circuits of motor drives for disconnects and earhing
switches. In the manually operated earthing switches, these locks in the "Operation"
position do not permit engagement of manual operating handle with the earthing
switches operating shaft.

6.6 SUPPORTING STRUCTURES

6.6.1 Depending on the design of installation, the GIS can be self supporting or
erected on steel supporting structures of simple design anchored to the substation
floor.

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 50

6.7 GROUNDING

The three enclosures of single phase GIS are required to be bonded to each other at
the ends of GIS to ensure to flow circulating currents. These circulated enclosures
currents cancel the magnetic field that would otherwise exist outside the enclosure
out to conductor current. 3-phase enclosures GIS does not have circulating currents
but does have eddy currents in the enclosure and should also be multi point
grounded. Although multi point grounding leads to some losses in the enclosure due
to circulating current multi point grounding results in many parallel path for the
current from an internal path to flow to the switchyard ground grid. The
recommendations of manufacturers and multi point grounding concept normally
ensures touch and step potentials within safe levels prescribed by IEEE 80.

6.8 The GIS should be extendable to meet the requirement of addition of bays in
future. The side on which the extension is to be made should be provided with
suitable extension bellows/flanges with blanking plates. The building that is to house
the GIS should have space provision for future extension.

6.9 GIS TERMINATIONS

GIS terminations could be any of the following:

• SF6 to air bushings
• SF6 to cable termination
• SF6 to oil bushings for direct connection to transformer
• SF6 bus duct

All termination modules are commonly used to connect the GIS with transformer.
Overhead lines could be connected to GIS either though cables or through SF6 to air
bushings. Type of terminations has also bearing on the size of substations. If cable
or SF6 bus ducts are used, substation can be kept quite compact. SF6 to air
bushings, on the other hand, requires minimum clearance in air and thus requires
more space and in addition, they are subject to environmental conditions. Especially
in cities/ industrial areas where space is both restricted and expensive and the
surrounding environment has impact on type of termination, preference should be
for cable termination or SF6 bus duct. Selection of cable termination will have to be
judiciously done keeping in view the specific requirement.

- ..
 Chapter 7

PHYSICAL LAYOUT
7.1 STATION SITE

7.1.1 Site limitation is one of the important considerations in deciding the type of
layout of a substation. It should be free from all obstructions from the point of view of
convenience of terminating high voltage transmission lines. At the same time it
should be accessible to the public road to facilitate transport of plant and equipment.
As far as possible, it should be near a town and away from municipal dumping
grounds/ areas and also away from police and military rifle ranges. The site should
have good drinking water for station staff. Outdoor substation should not be within 3
km from aerodrome or should be as per aviation guidelines.

7.1.2Type of isolators has great influence in bay width and level of the substation.
Using double break type of Isolators compared to Horizontal Centre Break Isolators,
bay width can be reduced by 10-15%. Pantograph isolators are best suited for
Double Main and Transfer (OMT) scheme (with flexible bus arrangement) but it
requires proper and careful erection of isolator and stringing of buses. By using
vertical break isolators, the height of levels increases but vertical break isolators are
more economical for voltages more than 400 kV due to lesser length of beam, bay
width and ultimately lesser requirement of land.

7.1.3 While planning the layout and orientation of an EHV sub station in order to
avoid right of way problem in future, approximate provision sh.ould be made for
installation of towers for incoming/ outgoing lines and this aspect should be
considered simultaneously and provision made accordingly in the construction of
emanating transmission lines. It is necessary to consider in the layout design, the
possibility of extension of substation. The line and transformer bays sequence
should, if possible, be fixed minimizing the possibility of overloading bus bars and
connecting conductor.

7.2 SELECTION OF LAND

The land for substation should be selected on the basis of size of substation.
switchyard layout design depends on switching scheme, shape and size of land. A
substation requires land for consist of switchyard, control and administrative building,
stores, security barrack, colony, etc. Considering increasing cost of land but keeping
provision for future extension, following size of lands are required for a substation
52
7.3 ILLUSTRATIONS
7.3.1 Figure 7 (a) to 34 illustrates some typical layouts of 420, 245, 145, 72.5 and 36
kV substations as mentioned in Table 7.1 including some typical layouts adopted
recently commissioned substations. These layouts are being given for general
guidance only and are not intended to serve as standard layouts. The various types
of layouts included herein are as follows:
Table 7.1 : Various Types of Layouts Generally Adopted
Fiqure No. Descriotion
Fiaure 1 Tvnical cable trench section
Fiaure 2 Switchvard and substation oil handlina svstem schematic oioina diaaram
Fiaure 3 Tvaical comoressed air svstem for air blast circuit breaker
Fioure 4A. Tvoical 400/220 kV control room I around floor)
Fioure 4B Tvnical 400/220 kV control room (first floor)
Fiaure 5 Details of Hioh Velocitv Water fHVWl sorav svstem
Fioure 6 Sinole line diaaram for various tvoes of switchin ~ schemes
Figure No. Voltage Bus system Bay width Bus level
kV ltvl">icall
Figure 7 (a) 420 Double main and transfer bus 27m Low
(Plan)
Figure 7 (b) 420 Double main and transfer bus 27m Low
<SectionI
Figure 8(a) 420 Breaker and half, D-type 27m Low
arranaement (Plan)
Figure 8{b) 420 Breaker and half, D-type 27m Low
arranaement rsectionl
Figure 8(c) 420 Breaker and half, D-type 27m Low
arranoement (SLD)
Figure B(d) 420 Breaker and half with 1-Ph 27m Low
Transformer with auxiliary bus
arranoement
Figure B(d), Sheet 1 of 420 Single line diagram 27 m Low
6
Figure B(d) , Sheet 2of 420 Plan 27m Low
6
Figure 8(d) , Sheet 3 420 Sections 27m Low
&4 of 6
Figure B(d) , Sheet 5 of 420 Plan of transformer area 27m Low
6
Figure 8(d) , Sheet 6 of 420 Section of transformer area 27m Low
6
Fioure 8Cel 420 Breaker and half 24m Low
Fioure 9A 245 Double main and transfer 15m Low
Figure 9B 245 Main and transfer with provision 15m Low
for conversion to double main
and transfer
Fioure 9C 245 Double main and transfer 16m Low
Fioure 10A 245 Double bus 15m Low
Figure 1OA , Sheet 1 of 245 Single line diagram and plan 15m Low
2
Figure 1OA, Sheet 2 of 245 Sections 15m Low
2
Fioure 10B 245 Double bus 16m Hiqh
Fioure I OC 245 Double bus 17m Hioh
• ...

53

Fiaure 11 245 Double bus 17 m Law

Fiaure 12 A 245 Double bus GIS NA .
Fiaure 12 B 245 Double bus GIS NA .
Fiaure 13 245 Main transfer 17 m Hiah
Fiaure 14 245 Main and transfer 17 m Law
Fiaure 15 245 Slnole bus 17 m Hiah
Flaure 16 245 Slnale bus 17 m Low
Flaure 17 145 Double bus 10.4 m High
Flaure 18 145 Double bus 10.4 m Low
Fiaure 19 145 Main and transfer 10.4 m Hiah
Flaure 19A 145 Main and transfer 12 m Low
Figure 19A, Sheet 1 of 145 Single line diagram 12 m Low
4
Figure 19A. Sheet 2 of 145 Plan 12 m Low
4
Figure 19A, Sheet 3&4 145 Sections 12 m Low
of 4
Figure 20 145 Main and transfer 10.4 m Low
Fiaure 20A 145 Main and 1ransfer 10.5 m Low
Fiaure 21 145 Sinale bus 10.4 m Hiah
Flaure 22 145 Sinale bus 10.4 m Low
Fiaure 23 72.5 Double bus 7.6 m Hiah
Fiaure 24 72.5 Double bus 7.6m Low
Fiaure 24A 72.5 Double bus 7.6m Law
Flaure 25 72.5 Main and transfer 7.6m Hiah
Fiaure 26 72.5 Main and transfer 7.6m Law
Flaure 27 72.5 Sinale bus 7.8m Hi ah
Fiaure 28 72.5 Sonale bus 7.6m Law
Fiaure 29 36 Double bus 5.5m Hiah
Fiaure 30 36 Double bus 5.5m Low
Fiaure 31 36 Main and transfer 5.5m Hiah
Fiaure 32 36 Main and transfer 5.5m Low
Fiaure 33 36 Sinale bus 5.5m Hi ah
Fiaure 34 36 Sinale bus 5.5m Low

Note: Layouts shown in this Manual are the ones generally adopted by the utilities

7.4 It is recommended that based on the equipment selected, the basic data
included in this manual and the operating experience, the layouts may be
standardized so that a uniform design is obtained which would reduce the cost as
well as construction period.

7.5 LAYOUT OF CONTROL ROOM BUILDING

The size of the control room building is dependant on the number of rooms,
equipments in the room and varies from utility to utility. Typical sizes for different
rooms of the control room building for a 400/220 kV substation with conventional
I
control and relay panels having the following number of bays is given in Table 7.2.

I 400 kV system - One and half breaker bus scheme having 8 nos. diameters to.
accommodate 12 nos. line feeders, 2 nos. 400/220 kV transformers, 2 nos. bus
reactors.

I
I
54

220 kV system - Double main and transfer bus scheme to accommodate 7 nos. line
feeders, 2 nos. 400/220 kV transfotmers, 1 nos. bus transfer and 1 nos. bus coupler
bay.

Table 7.2: Typical Sizes of the Different Rooms in Control Room Building
'
SI. No. Control room Approximate size
llenoth x breadth\
1. Control Room 15mx10m
2. Relav and PLCC Room 20mx15m
3. MCC Room 15mx14m
/Main Switchboard. ACDB. OCDB, Batterv Charaer)
4. Battery Room (Accommodation of 2 nos. 220 V & 2 nos. 50V 15 mxBm
Batterv Bank in Sinole Row Sinnle Tier Arranoementl
5. Communication Room 15mx7 m
6. Shift-in-Chame's Room Smx4m
7. Enoineer's Room 7mx5m
8. Conference Room 7mx5m
9. Maintenance Room 6mx5m
10. Librarv cum Record Room 6mx5m
11.' Electronics Test Lab 9mx5m
12. Maintenance Slaff Room 6mx5m
13. Toilets As oer reauirement
14. Pantrv As oer reouirement

For an automated substation, relays and PLCC equipments may be accommodated

in a weather proof bay controller unit located in the outdoor switchyard. Hence Relay,
PLCC room and communication room are not required and size of control room can
be reduced as the control room for such type of application should be suitable for
accommodation of Computer peripherals and communication equipment.
..
ABOUT CONTRIBUTORS

Shri H.G. Chhabra did his B.E. (Elect.) from Punjab Engineering College,
Chandigarh, in 1972. He has a wide experience, and is presently working as
Superintending Engineer in Bhakra Beas Management Board, Chandigarh.

Shi:i M. Gopala Rao, M.E. (Elect) & F.I.E. is presently Chief Engineer
Construction AP TRANSCO. He has 35 years of experience in various areas
of Engineering, and introduced 132 kV Shunt Capacitor Banks in 1998 in AP,
TRANSCO. He is trained in GIS in Germany and Japan, and has contributed
several technical papers in National and International Seminars.

Shi:i M.M. Goswami is presently working as Additional General Manager in

POWERGRID. He has over 25 years of experience working with ~·arious
organizations like ASEB, NTPC, POWERGRID in the field of Design &
Engineering of Transformer and Substations, Condition Monitoring, DOA etc.
He is also associated in the development of technical specification, design
. . review and testing of first 800 kV transformer and reactors being corrunissioned
.. --'" by PO\VERGRID. He has published a number of technical papers. He is also
associated with standardization of Transformer & Substation by BIS, CB IP,
CIGRE etc.

Shri R.K. Gupta is Post Graduate in High Voltage Engineering from Govt.
Engineering College, Jabalpur, and PGDC in Tuem1al Power Plant Engineering
from NPTI, Delhi. He joined POWERGRID in 1998 as Executive trainee. At
present, he is working as Assistant Chief Design Engineer in Corporate
Engineering (Substation) Department. He is involved in various substations
engineering activities relating to standt rdization_ of Layout, type testing of
various equipment, failure analysis of Transformer/Reactors and Design Review
& Type Testing of the first 800 kV class Shunt Reactor.

Shri Raj Kumar did his B.E. from IIT and is presently working as General
Manager (Design E&M) in NHPC: Faridabad. He has very rich experience in
design as well as construction of EHV Transmission Systems. Associated with
400 kV field testing, he. contributed to elimination of closing resistors from
400 kV CBs. He is senior member of IEEE, associated with Power Engineering
Society, CIGRE National Study Committee 23,38,34,CS and presently A2-3 l
- on Contamination in Transformer Oil.
Shri S.K. Ray Mohapatra was born in Orissa, India in 1961.He graduated in
Electrical Engineering from Sambalpur University, Orissa in 1982 and had his
Master's Degrees and MBA from Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
and Faculty of Management Studies, University of Delhi in 1984 and 2003
respectively. His professional experience of more than 20 years includes Project
appraisal, tendering & procurement, design and engineeri ng of EHV substations
with the Central Electricity Authority of Government of India, identi fication
and investigation work for harnessing hydro power potential (micro I mini I
small hydroelecuic power projects) and assessment of wind power potential
with Govt. of Orissa (India) and testing & quality control of PVC & XLPE
cables of 11 kV .and 33kV grade with M/s NlCCO Orissa Ltd., India. He has
already contributed ten papers and articles in National seminars and Indian
Power magazines and representing as a member in various technical committees
of CBI&P, India.

Subrata Mukhopadhyay was born in Asansol, India in 1947. He graduated

in Electrical Engineering from Jadavpur University, Calcutta in 1968 and had
his Master's and Doctorate Degrees from Indian Institute of Technology,
Kharagpur and Roorkee in 1970 and 1979 respectively. His employment
experience of more than 34 years includes teaching and research in Roorkee,
and power system planning, design and operation with the Central Electricity
Authority of Government of India. He has authored two books and twenty-
seven papers, won IEEE Third Millennium Medal in 2000, PES Delhi Chapter
Outstanding Engineer Award & PES Asia-Pacific Regional Outstanding
Engineer Award for 2001, IEEE RAB Leadership & Achievement Awards in
2002 & 2004 respectively. Since beginning of 2005 he is in the PES Governing
Body as Asia-Pacific Regional Representative. He is also Fe\low of the
Institution of Engineers (India) and Institution of Electronics and
Telecommunications Engineers (India).

Shri RN. Saini did his BE (Elect.) from Malviya Regional Engineering College,
Jaipur, in 1972 and later M.Tech.(Power Apparatus & Systems) from Indian
Institute of Technology Delhi, in 1983. He is presently working as
Superintending Engineer (400 kV Design) in Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Prasaran
Nigam Limited. He had been posted on deputation in CEA during 1978-83. He
I I
has vast experience in design of EHV substations.
I I
Shri K.S. Kattigehallimatt Chief Engineer (Retd), Karnataka Power
Transmission Corporation Ltd. I
I
I CENTRAL BOARD OF IRRIGATION AND PO\VER
Malcha Marg, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi- ll 0 021, India
Phones: 91-11-26115984, 261ll294, 26875017, 26880557
Fax: 91-11-26116347

i
E-mail : cbip@cbip.org, cbip@vsnl.com
Websi te : www.cbip.org

I-

'
 Manual on

SUBSTATION LAYOUT
" DRAWINGS

( \
\

Publication No. 299

Editors
G.N. Mathur
R.S. Chadha

NEW DELHI
ISO 9001 : 2000

CENTRAL BOARD OF IRRIGATION & POWER

Malcha Marg, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi 110 021
 TYf. CABLE SUPPORT
SECTION 3-~
1. All DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM UNl..ESS OTHERWISE SPECtFlEO.
2. DO NOT SCALE THE DRG. FOLLOW WRITTEN DIMENSIONS ONLY.
SECTION 2~? 3. R.C.C MIX. SHOULD BE M20 GRAO~.
4. lfAM CONCRETE SHALL SE 1:4:6.
5. CLEAR COVER FOR 801TOM SLAB R£1NF. ON TOP SIDE IS 25MM.
6. LIFTING HOOK ARE TO B£ PROVIDED IN EVERY TENTH SLAB.
7. NECESSARY OPENING SHALL BE PROVIDED AT APPROPRIATE
--~~H--~-76l<6 MS !'VJ LOCATIOPN TO TAKE OUT CABLfS.
8. FOR ACTUAL DEPTH OF TRENCHES REFER CABLE TRENCH lAYOUT.
9. F.G.L DENOTES FINISHEO GRAOEt> LEVEL (FORMATION l.EVEl).
10. F.G.L TO BE TAK€N FROM LAYOUT ORG.
11. A SLOPE OF 1:250 SHAU. BE GIVEN IN lHE DIRECTION
PERPENOtCULAR TO THE RUN OF THE TRENCH FOR ALL SECTIONS.
12. ALL CABLE TRENCHES SHALL BE GIVEN A SLOPE OF 1:500
IN THE DIRECTION OF MAIN RUN.
t3. EARTHING CONDUCTOR '£' 50X6 ·MS FlAT WOULD BE WEt.OEO
$ECTIQN 4-4 ON THE CABLE SUPPORTING STRUCTURES BEFORE INSTAUATION
OF CABLES.
l 4. ALL STEEL STRUCTURE PLATES WOULD BE PAINTED WITH NON
.CORROSIVE PAINT ON A SUITABLE PRIMER BEFORE INSTAUATlON
.fLA1i l'XP DETAJL OF M!CUQRIN!J Of CABLES EARTHING CONDUCTORS WOULD HAVE RED PAINT.
CAIU.R TRAY 8UPP08T FOR J5X6 ¥ S FLAT 15. TRENCH WALL SHALL Cl.EAR THE; EQUIPMENT FOUNDATION 8Y 100 MM.
SECTION ft-2 & ;s-3 16. NECESSARY CONSTRUCTION JOINTSHAU. SE PROVIDED AT
EVt:RY 30M (MIN.) OR /IS PER SITE CONDffiON.
·.EIAN 17. 40 MM CLEAR COVER FOR WALL AND BOTTOM SLAB REINFORCEMENT
~ TRAY SJ.lffORT FOB SECTIQN 1-1 WHICH IS TOWARDS EARTH SIDE SHAU. BE PROVIDED.
18. ALL SUPPORT ANGLE SHALL BE L50X50X6.
19. ANCHORING Fl.AT (75X6 MM) SHALL BE PROVIDED AT EACH
SUPPORT ANGLE POINT.
20. EARTHING CONDUCTOR MKD 'E' SHALL. BE PROVIDED ON THE
TOP TIER OF EACH CABLE TRENCH SECTIONS.

TXP· PEIAIL Of SLAB SUPPORT

~ DETAIL OF TRENQR kOVEB
FOR SECTION 3-;i & 4-4

=. . . . . .
DETAIL OE TRENCH COVER SLAB
ER SECIION (1-1) & (2-2}
FiGURE-1
f MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS
s[( (LAYOUT & DESIGN}

TYP~CAL CABLE TRENCH SECTIONS

SE9ll0f9 X-X DETAIL OF JJrnNG HOOK SECTION Y-X

FOR SECTION 1-1 & 2-2 SHEET1 OF1
 T \AUllHIOJUST£0 TO RELWN
o.D9EO CORING PRESSOR£ CMANGES
tH:!..1:aR£o 1'R~~9FOR~R ClJe TO YEMI' BUT TO 0P£N
Q C!fl.CIMY 6R::OA~.t>I OU.."\ (l(JRING Fll..t.!NG EMPTYING OF TANK

TYPl()At. SANK OF Ft.OCR

MOUNTEO ~T BREAl<ERS

DUPLICATE MAIN
i
,,,..?,~ a:ffi ~e o et<.
tl'IA'l.JZFE'R P'~ '•
'l
OONOIT1m~1NG AIR
ROOTING ~LVeS \ REO\JCING VALVE
!"OR SECTIONAL
~AOEFIS
6 VILTER - - - - -
$0AVENGltl0
$1.l'ilPS {lC-0·3828)
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EXPLANATION
-i><l- GATE \Ill.Ve
ORA fN--·
----
~ Cl!ECK ~\It
LE GENO
3~STAGE A'll. COOi.ED RSQAAOCATIHG.
--¥- SAlllPI.~ ~ ID3 COMPRESSOR
--¥-~Mt \rU.VE @ MOTOR
sua- STATION MANUAL
~FL£Xl8Lt! METALLIC HOSE (X·O·lfl2$)
Q AIR Fli.TER
...._ FUSIBLE Pl..IJG
SWITCH YARD 8i SUB-STATION -0 HOS£ COUPLING ANO CAP i%J. AFTER COOi.ER
Oil HANDLING SYSTEM Q- PRESSURE REl.IEF 'l«ILVE (>- UNLOADER. (PART Of COMP~SSOO)
0 COM.OR€SSOR PRES~ CONTROi,..
SCHEMATIC PIPING DIAGRAM -0- ROTARY PtJM?
@ PflE$SURE A:..ARM
~11-- IMIOH 0 l.OW PRESSURE SWITCH

-f0t- PLUG COCK @ PRESSURE GAUGE

~ R£LtEF \A\.VF.
~TELLTALE
PRESSURE RECUC.ING VALVE
~ ANGLE Gl.08£ °*1..VE 1<0- NON RETURN VN..Vf!.
• T,, STOP ~t.V£ NORMA!...1...'f OPEN
o<:J M'Hci:'.L Oi'ERAT~O)
FIGURE-2 ~ STOP VAL'.'E~ fJORMAU.'.f Ct.OZ:EO
(@ fLCNV lNOiCATOR
Atfl·Pil'E CONNECT;t;i"J
El.C:CT~!(:AL co~~Cli('t..; .

~ MAN:FOLO
FIGURE- 3
 SCHEDULE OF OPENINGS

!TYPE I SIZE NOS. DESCRIPTION

I
DOORS
8 0 I x 2.l+M

I
2.0l'I 3 DOOi! Wlt11 Al.UHIHIUH Fl'IAHE ANO Gl.AZEll DOUB!.£
! D ~I!.

I 01 l.2H X 2.l+M 2 DOOR WITJI AWKINIUH FRAHE ANO GUZEI> SllU'ITE~

! )
l 02 0.9K X 2.l.H 8 OOl.>.R Ylllll At.UHllllU!t fl>A11E ANO Gl..QlfD SffllTTe~

------ ------ f

! 03
I
0.811 x 2.4H 4 TEAK WOO!) FRAtlEWOl\K Willi fLUISH OOCft QST.
':
i SD 0.9M X 2.411 2 TEAK WOOO Fl!At1£WOl!t:. Wint FLUSH OOOR OST.

'
I WINDOWS
j ALllHINWtf GUottl> lll!ll0019.
i WI l.9M X l.6SM 15
..
li W2 1.211 X l.68H 3
ALU:lllNllM WAU:I> llllllJOW.

·.
AW~Nll,JH GI.A.ZED WlllOO~.
i W3 5.0H X l.6SH 10 i

I
VENTILATORS
. VI 10.45H x 0. 9H I 6 IAlUHJlllllH GU.ZED LOUVEllED V!llTll.A~.

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l'l!:CfROUIC
TE5T I.AB

STAFF OfflCf

MAIT. 5TAff'
.ROOM

FIGURE-45

PICAL 400/220KV CONTROL ROOM

FIRST FLOOR
MANUAL ON SUB STATION
FIRST FLOOR
LAYOUT $ DESIGN
[ _ _ _1 _ _
 SCHEDULE OF OPENINGS
@ 5 @ 0

I
TYPE SIZE NOS. DESCRIPTION
. 50

CABLE DUCT _J_ ---.--@

DOORS

MD 2.2M X 2.4M
ALUMINIUM OOOR WITH &ORMA BTS80 ~ UNIVERSAL
FLOOR SPRIN~, DOUBLE DOOR WJnf MECHANICAL SACK
C!-!E<:K, ttYORAlJUC HOU> OPEN OR DELAYED ACTION.
OOOR WITH ALUMINIUM FRAME AND GLAZED SHUTTER.
D 2.0M X 2.4M 2
50fl{l
DI f.Ztt X 2.4M 3 OOOR WITH ALUMINRJM FRAME ANO GLAZED SHUTTER.

UBR.AR.Y • 70 OOOR Wl!JH ALUMINIUM FRAME ANO GLAZED SHUTTER.

BAn-ERY DZ 0.9H X 2.4M 4
" ROOM TEAK WOOD FlW1EWOfU\ WllH FLUSH OOOR OST.
03 0.8M X 2.4M 5
SD 0.9M X Z.4M 4 Tl!AK WOOi> FRAMEWORK WITH FLUSli DOOR OST.

RS Z.4M X 2.4M MS ROLLING SHUTTERS

PANTRY

WINDOWS
WI l.9M X l.68M 13 ALUMINIUM GLAZED WINOOW.

ALUMINIUM GlAZEO WINDOW.

W3 l.5H X L68M 7
VENTILATORS
ALUMINIUM GLAZEP LOUVER!;D VEMTILATORS.
VI 0.45H X 0.9M 7

-+--~@

LOBBY

AD INISTRAT VE

FFICE AREA

FIGURE 4A

TYPICAL 400/220KV CONTROL ROOM

:.
GROUND FLOOR
GROUND 'FLOOR MANUAL ON SUB STATION
. -- .. ..... ··----··-····- .- ....
; ·~···-· ____ _,.~ .......... --~···-..,.__ ________ LAYOUT ¢ DESIGN
·---------·--···~ --········-----------------------------------------------------------.-:A=PP::E:::-:N=D1~x--:1=11:-:r=a=-=rE=c::HN:::I::-CA:-:-L--=sP=E=c1=F:::IC:-:-A:::TI:::ON:-:--1
l
F'OR F'IRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

------+D=3<r=1---....c<i-c::.?-l:Xl-C~ TRAN~f!IRMER/ 1~~~,;"'J,\'J.i,,

1

. L ~CTOR TRANSF'DRHER.

'Y-----+------.
. -F-F-PH-8.-

DG SET CONTROL
LEGEND

i ALARM
GATE VALVE NORMALLY OPEN
BUILDING ROOM GATE VALVE NORMALLY CLOS~D
BUILDING
** NON-RETURN VAL VE
GLOBE VALVE NORMALLY OPEN

I *......
GLOBE VALVE NORMALLY CLOSED
~FLOAT OPERATED GATE VALVE
TO -AIR· VESSEL
TART
1 ~ TEST VALVE:
® PRESSURE GAUGE
·e
I
,J
'; PRESSURE SWITCH
@ LEVEL GAUGE
~ LEV£L SWITCH

~·
I
v-
BASKET STRAINER
~
zC> FLOAT OPERATED LEVEL GAUGE
I IO
ru
PUMPHDUSE 4l Y-TYPE STRAINER

\ @
D
\ti ATER MOTOR GONG
REDUCER
~
~ THREE \JAY COCK/ VAL VE
D y VENT
I- . J.
. y. DRAIN
I
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~ OUT DOOR HYDRANT
-[ INDOOR HYDRANT
·~ QUARTZOlD BULB DETECTOR

LL ~

@PUMP
-
HV\/ SPRAY NOZZLE

\/ATER LINE
gJ DELUGE VAL VE
I
DRAIN-
OVERF'LOIJ

\./ATER STORAGE \./ATER STORAGE FIGURE - 5

.I8NK TANK
TO
DIESEL MANUAL ON SUBSTATION
ENGINE.
CLA YOUT 8c DESIGN>

DIESEL TANK TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT Of DETAILS Of HIGH VELOCITY 'vi ATER <HV\v')
HV"1 SPRA y SYSTEM
SPRAY SYSTEM
• 1. THE HYDRANT POINTS F'OR TRANSF'ORMER/ REACTOR
SHALL BE LOCATED AT LEAST 20M AIJAY FROM THEM.
2. AS SAFETY MEASURE, A 'WARNING PLATE SHALL BE PLACED NEAR HYDRANT POINTS FDR TRANSFORMER/
REACTOR TO CLEARLY INDICATE THAT \./ATER SHALL BE SPRAYED ONLY AFTER ENSURING
THAT THE POW'ER TO THE TRANSFORMER/ REACTOR VHlCH IS ON f"IRE IS $'WITCHED Off NTS
AND THERE ARE NO LIVE PART \JITHIN 20 M. DISTANCE OF THE PERSONNEL USING THE HYDRANT.
 .

t~ i,~l . f,~ ,.;.

MAIN BUS

I. ~· i~,,.. ~~"--+
f=,.... f'~~ ~ f~, J:
I

'--+
2 ,..., J.'
'-+ '.'+
'\.~ .... ,.... ,....
z
1-,.... t'~ .t'·_. f'. . TR/l.NSfER
SU$

,.....
:f .
:f MAINBUS.i MAfN8US
MAINBOS-1
...........
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y~ Lf~
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,.... {~ ,_,. 1'-+ \...+

t+0rr~~)1~
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MAINBUS-2

...,, TRANSFSR
+-./
'-:-+
SUS
,.... ,.... ,..,,
1\-tr

(E) {G)
LEGEND:~
•}
TAANSFORMEP.
CIRCUlT BREAKER

lSOLATOR HCf3.
lSOlATO~ HOB
_.,.--1\~

NO'tfi:·OlHER l'ft;MS ~. g. C"f. PT. SA.CVf. <;C ETC

NOT $Hl'..%'\ll't
·---:·~--
I
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tBUS B1'.\R ARRANGEMf;NTS I
IFiGURE - 6 { A TO K . I
~-~-·~----·:..--~-·-~
 ·------~-
=======================================================================================================================--------· - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -··-·---·.

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C.L C.L. C.L. C.L. C.L C.L
C.T. BREAKER TRANSFER BUS LIGHTNING MAST MAIN BUS N0.1 MAIN BUS N0.2
C.L.
BREAKER

SECTION E-E SECTIONF-F

11
! i
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'i'
. FENCE
8000 . 10000
! i MAIN BUS N0.1 ROAD
2 0
C.L C.L.
' C.L. ISOLATOR lA
C.L C.V.T. LA
WAVE TRAP
NEUTRAL
REACTOR
·SECTION D-D c.1...
REACTOR

l ! t " ' = - - - r - - - - - - ' - TO 220 KV

'.
FENCE

C.L.
C.V.T.

SECTION C-C

.·

j fl
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C.L. cl
LC<
r t
C.L C.L. C.L. C.L. C.L.
rACK
l
FE CE MAIN BUS N0.2 ROAD BREAKER ISOLATOR TRANSFER BUS
A'------G-EN_·_TR_A_N_S_,,....,.,,__ _ _ _ _ _ _RAIL STR-CTURE MAIN BUS N0.1

SECTION 8-8
12000 . ·21000 J 27000 --- 33000 • 27000 1
w IJ •
gw I-
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Cl<( u u u u u u a a a u u LI a a a .::!!:
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15000
C.L
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GENRATOR
.. . .
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- -LINE BAY N0.1 -.. ....
.

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l.C.T. N0.1 GENRATOR l.C.T. N0.2 GENERATOR BUS COUPLER LINE BAY N0.2 GENERATOR BUS GENERATOR SPARE
ISOLATOR T.RANSFOR TRANSFORMER AND . NO 9 N0.10 N0.11 TRANSFER LINE BAY N0.3 LINE BAY N0.4 N0.13
POTHEAD . ' N0.12
MER BAY
I

SECTION A-A
FIGURE- 7 (b)

MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS
'l (LAYOUT & DESIGN}
.I
DOUBLE MAIN AND TRANSFER BUS TYPE
I 420KVB!l 1550KVp _J
d
.i I! -1 ·-.~-:_"'~'°' T~lBNTS I 1 __
 220 KV YARD
!300x110) !a 10

),--.,....--~-~----'-~91,___ _ _ _--'------++--+-+t--"'"i....;">l-
SPACE PROVISION FOR
l I. '!t'
.
"J •

' MAltfi. SAY

.,
'o0x30
FUTURE FUTURE
O.G. BU!LOJNG
I
T1-3 TT-2 TT-4
14x22
IL COMP.
ROOM FUTURE FUTURE LINE-I U~-11

I -~=======t·~=======-======::::=======~--=-~~~·~---~_;_-·~,..._.,._;_~~-----~~--~~-.
BUS
REACTOR SPARE

7.S
-·
7.S 44.S
" . ·-
S £
- ..
I'
10x10

..
.
(0.UAD CONDUCTOR!

im (typ _ITT (l'rl'J 'f.P'J tl'IP,

I t1ti J1tl Mfi I QUAD 8£RSEMIS

CONDUCTOl!S 't'l
I
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~--~~-~-·~ ~ ----, - -~--, !FUTUR£J !FUTURE!

"----~-,·-''-'• ·"·'~-
BILL OF MATERIAL
SLNO. \''.~.-,U;P:·iENTS RATING. o. TY iTRML CONNR':°
. . ''TY>E O.TY .
1 i.WKV · 2000A. · 13 £ 78
CB 24SKV .. i60M ·. 2 THM .. 12
2 !SO 4.2QKV .. 2000A .38 R
(HCBl 24SKV 16'()'0A 2 .• E
. TMH
3 . ISO 420KV 3150A 2 0.MH 12
4 CT 420KV 2000A ~2 .R 42 NOTES;
245KV 1600A '6 E 47 SUB-STATION MANUAL
.
TMH . 1'.2 1 .WAVE TRAPS MAY HAVE TO BE INSTALLED LOW LEVEL TYPE .
5 CVT 420KV 8800PF 3 E 3 ON ANY TWO OF THE THREE PHASES IN THE LINE BREAKER AND HALF BUS ARRANGEMENT
2451(V 6 TMH 6 2 All DIMENSIONS AP.£ IN METRES • 420KV /245KV BIL 1425KV/1050KV ·.

6 CVT---420KV 4400PF 15 E 9
R 6
7 LA--196KV 198KV 6 TMH 6
8 LA--372KV(Zn0) 21 R 21
9 BPI-- 420KV 242 f 122
FOR 4"1PS.Al E 104
TUBE s 16
10 . WT-~ 420KV CLASS 3000A 4
2000A 2 TMH .

2000A 2 TMV
~HIS j\llU>ER FOR THIRD PHASE
. IWITtl-OUT W,1,)

T. '
....

TH£S£ EO.PTS. ARE FOR

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'Ii .· MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS
(LAYOUT,&: DESIGN)
StpT!ON N - N.

BR£AKER AND HALF SCHEME WITH SINGLE PHASE

AUTO TRAHSrOR!.IER (AUXIUARY BUS ARRANGfMENT) .
AUTO TRANSfORMER-1 PHASE BANK -
-L ;· .. SECTION . . . , L

... i SCAif
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.
i .•.

.) 2 5 8 1() 12 14 15 16
 1 2 3 4 5 6

~. NOTES:
1- ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM. UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED
NORTH 2- MINIMUM CLEARANCES:
A A
o) BETWEEN PHASES 4000MM.
b) BETWEEN PHASE TO EARTH 3500MM
c) SECTONAL CLEARENCE 6500MM
. d) VERTICAL DISTANCE BETWEEN LOWEST 2550MM
PART OF THE INSULATOR AND PLINTH LEVEL
3- THE PARAMETERS FOR WHICH THE SY?TEM IS DESIGNED ARE:
a) SYSTEM VOLTAGE 420kV (RMS) 400KV
b) UGHTN!NG IMPULSE WITHSTAND VOLTAGE : ±1550kVP
(DRY &
WET)
c) SWITCHING IMPULSE WITHSTAND VOLTAGE : +1050kVP
(DRY & WET) ·
B
B
d) POWER FREQUENCY WITHSTAND VOLTAGE : 630kV(rms)
. (DRY & WET) · .
e) MINIMUM CREEPAGE DISTANCE : 25MM/kV(10500mm)
f) MAXIMUM FAULT LEVEL : 40kA/1 Sec_
4- LINE TRAP POSITIONS SHOWN IN THE LAYOUT ARE INDICATIVE ONLY,
FINAL LOCA TlON Will BE DECIOED BASED ON PLCC REQUIREMENT.

5- PLINTH HEIGHT Of FOUNDATION Will BE +300MM FROM THE FINISHED

GROUND LEVEL GRAVEL TOP LEVEL WILL BE +100MM FROM THE F.G.L.

c
D 6- CONNECTION TYPES

o). MAIN BUS I &!I

b) TRANSFER BUS
c) JACK BUS
}OOKV SWITCHYARD
LEVEL FROM PLINTH CONDUCTOR TYPE
. + 1SOOOMM

+22000MM
QUAD ACSR MOOSE

TWIN ACSR MOOSE

c

. d) EQUIP. TO EQUIP. +8000MM 4" !PS. AL. TUBE

1122.00}4
7- STATIC CONDUCTOR TENSION (AT 0 DEG. C WITHOUT WIND)
I a) MAIN BUS I &11 4000 KG/PHASE
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'.
- 8- TOWER BASE DETAILS:
a) LONGITUDINAL FACE 4500 MM ~ 4700 MM (8/8)
b) TRANSVERSE FACE · 3500 MM - 4700 MM (B/8)
9- GIRDER/BEAM D!MENSlON: 2000 MM (B/B) x 1500 MM (8/8)
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(PLAN ANO ELEVATION)

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\ 220/132/33KV SUBSTATION
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WIJHMA!N ANO TRANSFER BUS BARS
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1- ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM. UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED

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500
aooo .... I eooo a) BETWEEN PHASES 2100MM
b) BETWEEN PHASE TO EARTH 2100MM
...t c) SECTONAL CLEARENCE 5000MM
d) VERTICAL DISTANCE BETWEEN LOWEST 2550MM
D PART OF THE. INSULATOR AN.D PLINTH LEVEL D
SECTIQN D-D (BUS COUPLER}
3- ·THE PARAMETERS FOR WHICH. THE SYSTEM IS DESIGNED ARE:
a) SYSTEM VOLTAGE (RMS) 220KV·

- I ,,-, :;..· .. --. ····---~----- -----•'·--··-- ----b) {;IGH-TNING-lMPU!::SE·"'WITHS"TANEl-'-V01:-TA6t••-;-·rl@Sek-VP ·····

c) SWITCHING IMPULSE WITHSTAND VOLTAGE.: NA

-··
d) POWER FREQUENCY wriHST ANO VOLT AGE 460kV(rms)

e) MlN!MUM CREEP AGE DISTANCE : 25MM/kV(6125mm) .

: f) MAXIMUM FAULT LEVEL : 40kA/1 Sec. E
E
4- LINE TRAP POSITIONS SHOWN IN THE LAYOUT ARE INDICATIVE ONLY,
FINAL LOCATION WILL BE DECIDED BASED ON. PLCC REQUIREME!"'T.

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_ _,,,,,.. LAYOUT DRAWING - 220 KV /l6M BAY WIDTH
: !.
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. I SECTION A_..;.A (IJNE BAY)

I
I' , MANUAL'O~'stJBSTATION
·- . .. , ..
LAYout&[)ESIGN,
. _, - -
' - '• -
,

i
I

2 3 4 5 -6 7 ,8 9 '10 12
·, ..____.....__ _ _...;,_:__J__-ri--_ _ _-.--'--_ _;..JL:,,.__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _,-L._ _ _ _ _ _ _ __;___J.__---.--~----'------'-<-----"'----:---_.__---~---------~---------- ,.l,__ -----------'------'--------~_,____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _,_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~
 6 ___,~~-----1----'---7_-- - ' - - - - ' - ' - - - - - - s_ _ _ _ I~~-----·
.-J_...;,____;__ _ _ ·-·

NORTH
' A
A

FUTURE . UNE FUTURE LINE UNE-4 UNE-2 UNE-1

.....
HBlt-4•·

............
........ ..... ..
,,,,,.,,,,_._

c;

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-- --
Pl Pl Pr Pl

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NOTE: THIS IS A PART

ELABORAJ:°E VIEW OF SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF 220 KV /16M BAY WIDTH (DOUBLE MAIN TRANSFER SCHEME) LOW 4EVEL TYPE
-<OF FIGURE 9(c)
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
.'-'-------------'--------------.L.,..;...,---------------------,--'------------~-------L----------·-----,.------L...--'----------'--··-"·---'--------L~-------------------....L..---'-~~---'-------'--~-------.-l

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' I I
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: 1TRANSFORMER II

I~
' ./
1 FIRf PROTECTION WALL (7200HGH) . R Y 6
TRANSFORMER ; '
. DETAMONG $TAION

- __ ,_:_ ______ , ? - - - - -
4 - - - ,__ _ _ _ _ _ -----------r--------1-
SCREEN
------------·-----
CL Of ROAD AND RAfL TAACK
_ _ ;_.._ L..... f . . . - ' - - - - - · - - - L - - ... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

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FJRE PROTgGTION
WALL 7200 H[~H
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CL OF LIGHTNING A~ l::7e~

m.......... ···--·····- ............................. J

·····-·., +---1--$--11~· ~ .. -1-->CL"'-"O,:_F"cu,,RR,,,.,ENOJT-.!T!>RA'!N!!\!='FO~R!!!!M!EJERl\_
' ~ J~ " '/

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- -~<'----~-----:----,,,,,-----------!----- ---~i-jt-;rr-1--~-k=--j~-- -- -n--
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CL OF CURREN TRANSF

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I Cl..OFVOLTAGC TRANSF

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T I I. CL OF LIGHTNING- ARREST:~

-.... / i· '- / . J '\. /

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~#A,Y-1 -r /BA~~ -r ~AY-3 ! B~Y~ ! BA~~, ! . BAY~ ·v ? 1 ,, . . 1 1 1/ , I /'- l1 / ' I1 /'-I /'-I1 ''I / '
~·1~1~1~1~1~1
T~RMER-t TRANSFORMER-2 TRANSFORMER-3 TRAmFORMER-4 IRA.NSFORMER..s TRANsFOR~ER.s ' I·~·j '*"'' I -
S'f.Y-7
BAY-a/ ...

FeeOER-2
1
-BAY-10
AUXILIARY
j BAY-11
I SAY-12
REGULATING
TRANSFORME~-1
I
1 Bl\_¥.13
REGlllA.TlNG
TRA.NSFORMER-2
I BAY-14
REGULATING
TRANSFORMER-3
I
1
BAY-15
REGUlATil'!G
SIMJi.l"R'TOBAY-15
~
SIMILARTOBAV-15
.
SIMILARTOBAY-15 SIMILARTOBAY-15
. SIM1LART08AY-15 SIMILARTOBAY-15 BUS~CTION-1 SIMILARTQBAY-11 eusstcnOf'f.2 TRANSFORMER-2 tNCOMrNG FEEOER·3 SIMILAR TO BAY-1S SIMILAR TO BAY-15 SIMILARTOBAY-15 TRANSF"ORMER-4

-~::-_.,
d

FIGURE-10A
~n ,,,..;-

'
r.-~ ~•-•
'""
'" """"""'""
H.1.;:•'•.'><"'~
',_,..... •"<It'"'"
.------"-----,
.. ~. - ···-~ .... NOTE •
•
- MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS
1 ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM IF NOT INDICATED
OTHERWISE (LAYOUT & DESIGN}
2 SECTIONAL FIGURES ARE GIVEN AT SHEET OF THIS
DRAWING
3 INDICATE VERTICAL DOWN RUN OF EARTH WIRE
DOUBLE BUS ARRANGEMENT
ALONG THE STRUCTURE LOW LEVEL TYPE
; SINGLE LINE .DIAGRAM
4 POST INSULATOR STRUCTURES SHALL HAVE PROVISION
245KV, . BIL 1050KVp
·,SV-,ST~lil.'.?2CKV: ~~
o:.otiC:, 12WJI., l!J:WllVA
FOR FITTING SCREEN SCALE:
NEUTRAL EAR'PtfO
SHEEf1 OF2
NTS
'•
r-
!

I· FEEDER I
(TO l<HODRI}
FEEOER II
(TO RISHIKESH)
BUS· COUPLER INCOMING-1 •INCOMING-2 INCOMING-3 INCOMING-4

L--~~~~~~~~-,-~~------~-----.-~~~~----------...--------------1_2~4_.~(T_O~TA_L_LE_~_G_TH_O_F_s_Wl_T_CH_Y_AR_D~)--..-----------------------------------~-----------------+
1.____ A I.____-B
PLAN
BUS·1 BUS-1 BUS-1
.EARTH WIRE
EARTH WIRE OF 719 S. W.G.
4 4 4

H Ii 1
I
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0.43 l
I} - - - - - TORISHIK SH

BUS FOR .SPARE CABLE

~'l i ~

I
t
d BUS FOR SPARE
CABLE .
ti'\
.l I

I.
3 2 FENCING
.,,
, •J TRANSFORMER N0.4

4
~~-jf~
4 2.5 4 0: 4 3.S 4 2.5
. UJ
6.5 1
SECTIOND-D
16 j 6.5 l~ 16 1.s 4 {LIGHTNING ARRESTER ~JOT SHOWN)
26.5 28.25

SECTION A-A (FEEDER BAY) SECTION B-8 (BUS COUPLER BAY) 27.5

SECTION C-C (INCOMING BAY) ·NOTE:

220KV CABLES FROM UNDER GROUND POWER HOUSE 1. REFERENCE GROUND LEVEL 554.85
/. \ 2. THE MAIN BUSES ARE OF ALLALLUMINUM 0.75
SQ. INCH COPPER EQUIVALENT, TARANTULA
CONDUCTOR. ALL THE JUMPERS ARE OF ACSR
1 CB 0.4 SQ. INCH DEER CONDUCTOR EXCEPT FOR BUS
COUPLER BAY WHERE THESE WILL BE OF
2 ISO TARANTULA. BUS FOR SPARE CABLE SHALL BE
OF DEER CONDUCTOR.
BUS-I 3 ISO WITH E/S .
4 CT (All DIMENSIONS ARE IN METRES
BUS-II ------~--+-------'-----_..._----"'---_..._
5 PT. UNLESS MENTIONED OTHERWISE)

u CLEARANCES .
. 1. SAFElY CLEARANCE
6 COUPLING CAPACITOR
. 7 .WAVE TRAP
8 LA
·------·---·
FIGURE-108

SECTION
CLEARANCE
GROUND.
CLEARANCE . 9 Pl . MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS
4.94M 2.44M 10 INVERTED Pl (LAYOUT & DESIGN)
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
Z. MINIMUM CLEARANCES
ADOPT.ED FOR 1050 <KV) DOUBLE BUS ARRANGEMENT (HIGH LEVEL TYPE)
(CREST) IMPULSE
\llllTHSTAND VOLTAGE
245KV, BIL 1050 KVp
PHASE TO PHASE TO
SCALE:
PHASE EARTH
SHEET 1 OF 1 NTS
2.33& M 2.007 M
__
------. _:__'..]
 c.L .OF 'R£CJ!flER .ROOM . , .
. .'SHlU.OING. WIRE {l/S. SWc) E .1455.5
·-· . .·. · . . . ·~"
.. · . :
. . . -:
. .
. . . ·.. I .
. .
. . .
. I

. . BUS,-( .·· .BUS""..11

. . . .
FIRE PROTECTION . . . &lllD.1...11-,.......t-
.I
· · PAL"ruaulAR c~D:Ool.6: o;oy ..
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y WAll ..
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.
··.·... ..... : ..
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80 I

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GRAVEL <.>... FFl 1,16.5"' ..
. !.fVEl· '

.- .:··.
.. ·. 7000. ·..•.. 4000 .... 5000 . -. . . . .5000. ·9500 9085 . 15500 .• .
...... ;
··,·

-;i<------,-'--.....__ _ __..;..~---'----.;__----'--'--'-_:;_-'--,-'---::--:...::..::.::.-_ _ _-'-_-.,.._ _ _...;._~-=--=-==:...-,~_:.;;__,..;...~,...;....--,---,..,..-,-....,.,..--'*"

vtooo ·. __:..:·i:Cll:: . ;._;·::='i-CT·: "'_ri £·,.sA.·· TRANSF-Ol&-ER
. •STRUCTURE · .£.PI REGULATIN.G TRANSFORMEii° CIRCUIT .
..SECTION... ;;..A~A:. · .... ·.·......
. .

.. ,·

.,......_ _ _ _ _ _..,.....,._~--~.:-~---·-------~"---..--.,.'""
...... .. ,..._ .. ~~,..,....~-.~
_...,---._,..'"':'-__._ . ..,.... :-.,..._...........---.,.,,,..,.,---------_..,.---------··-:-.----......---.-_-....._________..._-.~-_..·.-:-
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(lYPlcAL)

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·1 ~:" ......(10L6 . O/D ·.... _· '. .··AL.TUBULAR COND: ·.
. SINGlE.
·.CONDUCTOR '.l ... : ':··· .· ..
. BUS:-f ... i ·.1ots o;~
(MOOSE) .. 1WIN !
.. .. ·
I j
. ' : CONOUCrOR .· ' ,
j: ....... . , . _:-_a\ -., : .R~·_,.,.._.. ~·_ _......_"~-"1:-··. . . .. : . I

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·j .. ..... .m
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GRAVEL
l£VEL
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l ' • .
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116.41.4 .t16.4M. '· '

" .
.·. · 7006: 700<> ...... 8750:: . ... L .··· .·:s1so .
'I . ·-. ~

-...: :;
. BUS ·SECTION BAY .· . ... ,.
·.· · .
.
"'"D~D·
,"

. ·. SECTION.
.·. .........
'

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. 'i. STRUCTURE ..
"

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.. . ...
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. . ·.. ·, ~ ... ..
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."

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.·in . .· .. .. . .ffi. · . .
. . . ·- . . . R · .. ·.
. ·.(MOOSE) j' . . . , ...
....:: ·y . .
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GRAVEL o •. -!L
.()•
ffl t16.5M
lEVf.1.
9500 7000
··-~
7000 4000.
. 49000' . 5640 . flGURE-10A

STRUCTURE. AUX~ .TRANSFORMER CIRCUIT . ··£TRANSFORMER' MANUALON SUBSTATIONS

SECTION ~c~c . ·. . _(LAYOUT & DESIGN}
NOTES!-
.1. SHiEtO WJRE STRUCluRE Cl.AMP . SHAl..l 8£ ;iT 1M INTERVAL ·.DOUBLE BUS. ARRANGEMENT -·
2. THE FOUNDATION OF. LIGHTNING AARAsTERS SHAU. .f3E MADE . LOW LEVEL TYPE
FLUSH <WITH THE RAIL. TAACK TO FAClUTAlE THE EASY 245KV . BIL· 1050KV
. REMOVAL Of THE AUX. TRmSfORMER . · .· . SCAl.E;
J. All, Dl~ENSIONS ARE IN MM IF NOT INDICATE{) OTH~ISE: ·.·. SHEET20f 2 .
. NTS
ir- '-"------·--·-------------------------------------------------........;.--------------------------------------------~
i'
1j
-- - -- --- -- - - -- - -- ---------~<--"I.-
I
I
til\;
h
n ~ I I I t

'II.
)~ ~ II II II

l
j
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I

- - ~.a::a... ~-1:11:1 ~
I
rr~,t;-~-~ ~ ·~ ~ ri-i:,,..,,i...~-~
...... --ms--
71$1)1)

SECTIONX·X (LINE BAY)

_______ -- -
,.,..__.,.. - --
-. .... --------
L .

SINGLE UNE DIAGRAM

' \
,-v SECTION Y·Y (TRANSFORMER BAY)

-------

"
~
I
It•

f IM
LfGEHO
t. ClRGUITSREAKER
I I l"'I I 2.ISOlATOR
I I U I
. ! 3. CURRENTTRANSFORMER
.... .-.....-- ................
I
4. WAVE. TRAP
fl.,.
. i.

~--
$.(()UPI.ING CAPACITOR 'MlHPOTetmAl. TIWfSF(lftMSR
&.tXlm'NING~
7. FOTEtmAI. llWfSFORMER
8. POOT INSUf.ATOR
SECTION Y'-Y'ITRANFORMER BAY)
NOTE
1. REl'\ACE 11\E SE¢1100 Y·Y wrm SECOON Y'<t
YtllEHANISOLAtORISTOBCPROVIOEOaeTWEEHM
· TRAASF~ANC~BREAKmlN lME
TIWl$FOPJISR¢RCU'(
2. AU. ONENSiclfis.AAS IH MM.
3. EQUIPMENT SPA<:ING INTHE DRA\Wf3S ARE ~OON OW
PRACTICE OF NOOtmNGlliE EQl.llPNEHT (e.g. LA. MOC&. OT «c.) .
· lllRECllYOO FOUNOAllOH wmt ~MOUNO!f.llf ORAWING·
EQIJ!PMEllTSAAE MOUMl'EDON SJRUCiURI: AlroSCA(at IS
• REMOVEO/!S~PRESENTPAACnee.
'IHEREfORE,INTEREOOli'Malr SPACmG
CAN ftJltl'Hal Bf OPmtlSE.O BYusER

FIGURE-11
.. · MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS
SECTION Z-Z (BUS COUPLERBAY} (LAYOUT & DESIGN)
PLAN
DOUBLE BUS ARRANGEMENT {LOW LEVEL TYPE)
245 KV, BIL 1050 KVp ·
••1':1
I I
c
U"1. SCALE:
SHEEi1 OF1
NTS
 16QOA l 6l·1)A 1 GOOA

+·· t~'·
l\s· 9

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DS'i
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.

CT c;T
VT
(8 PHASE I ·
GCS i>C8 GCS
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(]OS\ ES
l

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:: l fl
'-!•·ES
l )= 1= }
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VT
tB PHASE!

~ca GAS.CIBCUIT BREAKER

OS ISOLATOR
·O
i.. _.,
-t•· ES
ES
ES EARTHING SWl'l"CH
CT CURRENT TRANSFORt..t(R
VT VOLTAGE TRAHSFORMfR 6~··
u- LIGHTNING ARRESTE R 0

(0
_..._,,\.
. ~ s· 9 CH CABLE HEAD ·
S' 9 GA'S="A IR BUSH I NG j
1600A

..._~----~~~· --~~~~--~---~~~--~~~--~·~~2-0~oo__~"'."""""--·~~~~--~~~~--~--~~~---~---·
"-----------------~2~J~Z~Q~-O~·---~----~~--~-""'f--~--~~~t~4~40~0~~~~~-1
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\• 4200_. I 4200 '
I ~i
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FIGURE-12A
 tQlfOQ

10400
r .) HOOK(St)
1
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VT nt•l
l
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VIEW A•A
I 0 la Q-0 ·

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sso. t 00
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5500 . 10400 CD
j 360 ± 0 4 140
6
0.
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iL--------..;..JE.:::::;=:::=::t_._t_!:::iJ

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FIGURE·12B
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SECTION X-X (LINE BAY)
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oJ I
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LEGEND
1.CIRCUIT BREAKER
·.

I 2.ISOLATOR

' 3. CURRENT TRANSFORMER

.. ' '
. I 4.WAVETRAP
·. FIGURE-13
' 5. LIGHTNING ARRESTER
I 6. COUPLING CAPACITOR WITH POTENTIAL QB/ICE
7. POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER .MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS
PLAN
·(LAYOUT &DESIGN)
NOTE
.MAIN AND TRANSFER BUS ARRANGEMENT
. SECTION Z-Z (BUS COUPLER BAY) (HIGH LEVEL TYPE)
245 KV B,IL 1050 KVp

SHEET1 OF1 NTS

·-1
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SECTION AT X-X (LINE BAY)
SECTION AT L·L
MAIN BUS

L 1-E:~, .
'

MJOO 4500 4500 . 551)1)

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SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM

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I )
' NOTE
•
.
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2, EQUIPMENT SPACING !N THE DRAWINGS ARE BASED ON OLO
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" . .. ' t PRACTICE OF MOUNTING THE EQUIPMENT (e.g. LA, MOCB, CT etc.)
DIRECTLY ON FOUNDATION WITH SCREEN AROUND IT. IN.DRAWING
EQUIPMENTS ARE MOUNTED ON STRUCTURE AND SCREEN IS
I Al\M. 4500' 4500
I
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. I I REMOVED AS PER PRESENT PRACTICE;
' '
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.6000 6300 4500 '

MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS
'~
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----- ----- ------
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c:~ ; :1
(LOW LEVEL TYPE)
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PLAN ~------------~-J SCA~E;
. SHEET1 OF1
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r SECTION X-X (LINE BAY)

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SECTION Y·Y (TRANSFORMER BAY)
. --"""--..--------- '
L.EGStO
i. Ci1RQ11f~
.

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1,-..._ __,,,._ _ _ _ _ _ ,.......,~---;1.

SECTION Y4-Y'{TRANSFOA:MER BAY}

_ _:r_::___~~-J
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I
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SECTION X·X (LINE BAY)

l@ .
\ I
SINGLE LlNt DIAGRAM

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\ \ I
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a COUPLING CAPACITOR WITH POTEHTW. DEVICE

\ I
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4tl00

SECTION AT Y'·Y' (TRANSFORMER BAY}

NOTE

I \, ' \ I I
1. REP1.ACE lHE SECTIOtf'{.y Ytmi SECTION Y'·Y'
WHEN AH ISOIAlORlS BE PRGvlosl> 8ElWEEH lMe
lPANSFORMER AHO CIR¢UIT BRl!Al<ER IN lHE
lRANSf'-ORMERQRCUll'
2.ALL~AAEINMM.
3. EQUIPMEHT SPACING IiilHE DRAWINGS AAS 8AS1!D OltOl.O .
I J
PRACTICE OF MOUNTING THE lQIJIPMeNT {e.g. IA MOC8, CT tll:.l
DJReen.YOHFOllHQl\TIONW!tffSCREEHAROUNOIT.IHDRAWIRG
$ EQUIPMENTSMEMOUMIEO OHSlRUCTUREAHOSCREEN IS
' REMOVED NS l'ER PRE$Elff PAACTICi!.
lHSW'ORE.llfl'SEQUIPMENTSPACIHG
L CAN RllUl£RBEOPTIM!$E08YUSER. .

F1GURE·16
I~ ~ 450() 4000 I
l I
MANUAL ON SUBsTATIONS
SECTION ATZ·Z (l.AYOUT &DESIGN)

SINGLE BUS ARRANGMENT

(LOW LEVEL TYPf!)
245 KV. Bii. 1050 KVp

NTS
'--------~-·-w~-----,·-·-----------~----........:.-----------------------:..._-------------------------:-----.L----L---------'-----"
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SECTION L-L SECTION X-X (LINE BAY)

0
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I
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I .SECTlON Y-Y (TRANSFORMER BAY)
0
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,,
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·~2;l&ll.ATOR

. 3. CURRENT TRANSFORMER·
·' -
,___ . 11\ ~
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:-
5. COUPLING CAPACITOR WITH POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
.. ' .. '

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7. POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER .
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~
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0 I\ : WHEN AN ISOLATOR IS TO BE PROVIDED BElWEEN THE
~ \ I =
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TRANSFORMER AND CIRCUIT BREMER IN THE

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- •
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2. Ail. DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM.
"·
0

~J~~~~~~~~~~-·~500~00-=--_8_·~~~~~~~~-~+ 3. EQUIPMENT SPACING IN THE DRAWINGS ARE BASED QN OLD ·

SECTION Y'-Y' (TRANSFORMER BAY)
PRACTICE OF MOUNTING THE EQUIPMENT (e.g. LA, MOCB, GT etc.)
.. DlRECTlYON FOUNDATION WITH SCREEN MOUND IT. IN DRAWING .
EQUIPMENTS ARE MOUNTED ON STRUC11JRE AND SCREEN 1S
REMOVED AS PER PRESENT PRACTICE.
THEREFORE, INTER EQUIPMENT SPACING
CAN FURTHER BE OPTIMISED BY USER.

~-z

FIGURE-18
I .
MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS
(LAYOUT & DESIGN)

·4000 3000 7000 DOUBLE BUS ARRANGEMENT{LOWLEVEL TYPE} .·

31800
.145 KV ,BIL 650 KVp
.. SCALE:.
SECTION Z-Z (BUS COUPLEfil
:
' ' - . . . . c .. ·
·.-, ' ·.. ·
PLAN . I-Y SHEET1 OF1
NTS.
, .
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SECTION AT l-L SECTION AT X-X (LINE BAY)

SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
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l SECTION AT y.y (fAANSFORMER BAY) SECTION AT Y'-Y'{ TRANSFORMER BAY) . . . . ..

I I . I ) I • I
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LEGEND .
-~
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.
I • •)
• I

_·,'
"·'
;'

;,
,.•.-·

' - .

-Ii ~-
_j - - 1. CIRCUIT BREAKER
L.-z 2. ISOLATOR
8
g
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L.-X
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--
-
v
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( ~
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- - - . - --
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4. LIGHTNING ARRESTER
~
I-
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I-
- . 5. POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER .
I u·u 1.,.1 I I Ut,.JW I
. 6. POST INSULATOR
L.,._y 7. WAVETRAP
8. COUPLING CAPACITOR
PLAN. ~ - ' .
. WITH POTENTIAL DEVICE
NOTE · FIGURE-17
3. EQUIPMENT SPACING IN THE DRAWINGS ARE BASED ON OLD ..
1. REPl,ACE SECTION Y-Y WITH SECTION PRACTICE OF MOUNTING THE EQUIPMENT {e.g. LA. MOCB, CT etc.) I
I I. I
I . MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS
Y'-Y' ~EN AN ISOLATOR IS TO BE DIRECTLY ON FOUNDATION WITH SCREEN AAOUNOIT. IN DRAWING . (LAYOUT-& DESIGN)
PROVIDED BETWEEN THE TRANSFORMER EQUIPMENTS ARE MOUNTED ON STRUCTURE AND SCREEN 1$
ANO.CIRCUIT BREAKER IN THE TRANSFORMER REMOVED AS PER PRESENT PRACTICE. .j- 3000 .j- 5400
,_ . ._ .,,L-- · 4500 . '1., 3000 .j- OUBLE BUS ARRANGEMENT (HIGH LEVEL TYPE)
THEREFORE, INTER EQUIPMENT SPACING .· V 28800
CIRCUIT.
.. CAN FURTHER BE OPTIMISED BY USER. 1 •/.
•,., 145KV, Bil 650 KVp
. 2. All DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM. SCALE:
SECTION AT Z-Z ; . : :
SHEET1 OF1 N1S
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·- - [___.___ ~-----7--~~-1.
... ~

---~·-···-----.L .... .. 2-b

.L\ - s__________s____ -- _________
a ,,________ ,,, ____ ·---· ! 11 12

I FUTURE ICT# ~ UNE# l BT LINE#!? FUTURE

t
I ....::-..a... .
+I
t- - -r---""3- ...!Ji- 303-LA 307-·U, 309-LA l..-....IO..-.a_..J),
I 11!!"-""'!lr I
A
1
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33IfV ~5KA FOR 3 SEC TRA.i~SFER BUS I I
I FUTURE BAYS
I
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b,
.,....,.
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Pl 301-C'T
302-89T
z__,
c-i 303-89T c-i
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303 CT 304-89T 307-89T
~
c-i Pl 307-\;'I
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2
ISOL !SOL
2
P SOoA !SOL. ISOL ~ P2 600A
{PS--400-2.0-0/1 -1A)
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301-89LE i-----' tAATH 'sw. (M-400-200-tOO/tA) ~Jt: ~. 9 (.W-400-200- !00/ l A) I I

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308-89l
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ISOl.
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SVS-ISOL.

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2 104-SUS CVf L:. J3/0.433W

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132/331<V llW'O. y ;::- 7f'° ~-- .IT. 132/33kV TRAFO. y
SOWA

I
..L ~ 3P o.s SOMVA
103-LA 100VA 100VA r.m. TO 105-lA
. CONTROL ROOM
1321\V 31.{)KA FOR 1 SEC MAlN BUS
~-·--..~~~~~~~~..--~~~~~~...---+-~~~~~~--~~~----c~o--~~---t·--o,A
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BUS ISOL SVS lSOl. I

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(PS-600-300/1-1-1-M)
105-89A
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10$-89A
!SOL
107-69A
!SOL
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(M-S00-300-150/tA) ·
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ISOL.
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Pt 106 -cr
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21
I (M-®0-'~150/lA) I I
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1tSEC TRANSFER BUS (M-600-300-t50/1A) I I

1 I
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~/'.f. ·.tOY/.'.1f<l¥/t IW . /J
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FUTURE LINE #1 ICT#l BT ICT/12 LINE#2 FUTURE
EQllJP.Ml:NT tlGEND:-
SR.NO. EQUIPMENT DISCltlPTION QTY. $R.NO. EQUIPMl!Hr DESCRIPT(()N qry.

~l
2
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S45KV, I 2150/1

WRl!t:NT YIWISl"'QRllD!
14~, t-Pll, eOM,
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~. ;)l.~ FOR 1 ~.
()$ 11()$.

15 NOS.
10.
(y)
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~~
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03 NOS.
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CN'N:;mVE VOi.rt.GE 1IWISFOt1NER u. 02 00$. _____ ._...;FUTURE/SPARE
~.+·
3. 145KV, 1-PN• .f.<!OOpf 09 NOS. ~. • l~ 2$AA ·~ ~. llllNUAU.'I' (lf'EAATEO
2 H
12. ~
OOU8l£ flftD!( ISClLAfM WllHOUT .EARIH SWll'CH
16 NOS.
FIGURE 19 A (SHEET1 OF 4)
OOU!ilE· ~ ISOl.AlOR wm1 ONE ~ $WITCH f {~·~·~~~~~~~)
SYSTE1l 132'k\'. 3 PHASB. l50Hz. .... f-Jrj t4llKV, 12:1G\ · 3t.$KA FOR t~ 02 NOS•
,t. . POWER TRANSnlRMEJI 02 NOS. MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS
R ;.t =:" .;;;;;.: ~'foit"ISfC: """'"' """""
13.
v.;;,
.+ (LAYOUT & DESIGN)
5, t.oj. NOS. SOWA. 132/3.°iw. 3-Ptl, 'l'Nyn(), ONM/OIW'
(lolCI. WION IS(llAlOR ANO llEJM MOUN!Et> ISOl.AfM '1-'
e. ~ ~ .IAAESTOR UNOS. l..; HORN GIP~
tZOll.V,l,..Plt,GAPU:SS, ICJl<A Ot5CffAAGE CUISS ' JI H. 03 N0$.
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~B ~
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y,c' 7.
t~. 12:JOA. 31.:5i<:A f'QR 1 SEC., o.!lmH
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12 NOS. WITH BUS SECTIOl'\IAUSER
'
H PrlASE ROTATION
a
~
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::lOl\Y, l~ ZOl<A fOR 3 Ste._£ OS NOS. 16.
·'"·
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LT TIWISf'<lllUER
3t~ 33/0.433KV. 1>;n1. oiwi 01 NOS. r -·-·rs;,.JI('.

~. £ CURROll' l'IW'ORM£lt
36ltY t-PH. 3COll£. 2fiKA FOR 3 SEC.
1$ NOS. t-----.------· ..··----' ··--·--··-------iI.. --~

11 12 I NTS
.... ------.-----------.,.-----------..--·----------....-----------...----------~----------.------------.------------,.--------,......---'---J--.--~---· ----·------------~'------'
I
2 4 5 6 7 9
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I I I I TRANSFER BUS
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~ I SECTION X-X (LINE BAY)
I
l I• I• I
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I
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.. .. .-,..~~·
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SECTION L·L

----'--ff-1--1-.p.ijf·.P--.
jf--1-ff...........-
MAIN BUS

"
i+;; i+ y r x
u 0 l ~ •D '.0 I

~
- II II SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
~ ,I \\ /
t \ \

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SECTION Y-Y {TRANSFORMER BAY}
1.AU. CIMalSIONSAAE INMl.I.
:2.

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- =""" 1· 1;CIRCOIT~

____ ___ ..__

~.ISQVITOR
3- CURRE!ll' TRANSF<lRMER
... ...,
- --- --- - - ·---...-·-- --....L- ~ROAD CUM RAIL i 4. WAVE.TfW> FIGURE-19
--""'-· '-="'-" i
I

I
. ~. U~INGAARIE$1'at
8.. OOUPUNG CAPACITOR WJTII PO'EtmAL D1MCE
4v I I 7. P0'1£NTIAI. ~ MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS
(LAYOUT & DESIGN)
MAIN AND TRANSFER BUS ARRANGEMENT
SECTION Z·Z {BUS COUPLER BAY) (HIGH LEVEL TYPE) ..
145 KV BIL 650 KV
SCALE:
.SHEET10F1
NTS
 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
2

a .& //" "

~ < \\
_,_ _·J..:.:. __~::..~:-..:J:.:.:__._:.::.:.~:..:1:_ _____ ~:-1::·_..:.::.. ___-i..:. ____ , lv
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LEGEND:-
11' 0
Q..1 0:: ~
·~r: ·-r. -642!1.12M N - DIRECTION NORTH
e I Y: +l 11494.9Sm

1. /\t..L DlMENSIOl'IS ME IN ...._ UNLESS SPEt:lf"IED DTHER\o/1SE .

~· i: -·--·-··--
!
.---l- -·------ l- '
----·-···· .. -·!
l 2. MINDUt Ct.£AAANC£
L FOR l a f
- :st:TWE£N PHASEa J300M
:- KJ\,1£EN . . f'W\S£ ..t..AHY £ARDEJ P.AATt I~
:-t - l;ECTIONAL Ct.EMAHCt> 4000-.
~I) CLEARAHC£1 4600&v\.

Jl___ r
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- ll£TIK£N PHASES'I 320Mlo.
- !!£'NEDI !'HAS£ t. £Mll!ED PART• 32Glwo,
- $£CTIOIW. ct.tNWIC£t 3000twt.
~ GRZlUN» ttEARAHc£. 3:70l.lrw\.

~I
I I
3. CONDUCTOR ,sm: DETAILS
q a. l'flB IMJ
li
t
- MAIN BUS. At~ T1JIN ~
- lAA!m'~ llUS> ACSR SUO..£ tUm:

~)
:-' AU. O~ BAY CONNECTION< ACSR SltlGLE ·HOOS£
00.\lm. :·· '"""' J;.
i 1>..· l'flB aav
ti) I I
I
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I - MAIM BUS. a TVIM IERSIMlS

I
l
" ! - TRANSFER 'BUSi ACSR SINGU: 9EltSIMIS

- ~:i~=TI~t} ACSR SllQ.E BERSIMIS

I
t - ALL OTHER BAY CCflNECTION; ACSR SINGLE 'BERSIMIS

~-~-· 4. SHI0.0. VIRE:• 7/3.66n. Gt VII!£

,_I
'lll.\lm. •· ·
5. UWDOCTOR T£NSIQN

II :. L'
:
.
I
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- Mo\IN BUS GAMTRY t. DCON1NG UNE TEf.lHINAT!ne. 1000 Kg/Ph. l'IR 132kV
AND 500 KA/Ph FOR 33kV
- Sttla..D . Vl/{£1 500 · Kgl"VlJilt
· . ·

t
~I
6. Pl..INJH t.£1/EL fOt £001PTJ 300twoo ABOVE GI...
0
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: ,:,0 I
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"'''~I
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NoNnot syste" vol~ «<v>
ltghe:st systvn VQl.'\agv a.v>
1Sft'I
145
3SW
36
Llgl\tQnlolg ~se >ri1t.ston<I VoltOQe <ICVp> 650 170
t.-0.llm.f! •. !f,rjQ() , Power- ft'<!'qU(!nCy wlthsto.nd Vol-toge <ICVNIS) 275 70
i . I Mox. f'IM.At lfl'Y'!l (KA)
. . I Ct-ttpa~ .
.
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es """"'
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31.5<l Stt.> 2::1<3 SEC.>
; /,{)(I(> I e. !JAYS SHOIJN JN J)l)TTf:l) AA( Fl)Tl.11£.' BAYS
·l 1m
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FIGURE 19 A (SHEET 2 OF 4) ~- ..
c 1
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MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS
c>.-0.... '. . . I· (LAYOUT & DESIGN) .
t
~ 1321..33 KV SUBSTATiON ·MAIN & TRANSFER SCHEME
I WITH BUS SECTIONALISER
I
I
I Soate
I
10.0ro -.&.:--1-.;...•L- _, __

NTS

12
II
H ------1---------------------·~---·
m
u
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L...~~~~~--.~~~~~~~~---~.............~~~~---~~~~-........-,--~--'~-~~~;.._-,..~~--~-~--'~~.......,,.--~~~-;.._~~~~~,---'-'--~~----~~---r~-~~~~~~~--.~~~~~~~~~~~r--~~~~--"'-~~~~,-~--~-~~-;..._~-.-~~-~~~---~---··
12
l
2 3 4 s 6 7 8 9 10 11
 2. .3 4 5 ·6 7 8 9 10 11 12

~ PHA$£ WITH WAVE TRAP

& R &r: 8 PHASES WITHOUT WAVF. TRAPS
l82kV MAIN BUS
J32kV TBANSP&R BUS 4CSft TWIN MOOSE
ACSR SINGLE MOOSE
WlO ~ 30lle L 3(300
ACSR SIN<lt.E • (NP) ('rr?) (TrP) t
MOOSE B (NP) Y (NP) R (NP)
r· ~.
B . !""' ....,. •• ~

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SECTION A-A · SECTION E~E
132KV LINE #2. 33KV LINE#1

E E

F'

~
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G G

NOTES:- SECTION B-8

1. ALL OIMENSIONS AA£ IN m..., UM.ESS OTEHR'NIS£ SPECIFIED. !£m
2. EQUIPMENT BUS, WllN BUS, T~sreR eus ANO .IACIC BUS Htl<JHT ME f'ROM 1'0P OF PUNTti.

PLINTHLVL.

H
~['CL 1~2133
FIGURE 19 A {SHEET 3 OF 4)
·-· .....MANUAL ot4susst..\r10Ns
(LAYOUT & DESIGN)
KV $1;S$TATION ·MAIN & TRANSFER SCl'<EME
H

WITH eus SSCT!ONA~ISER

NTS

4 5 s 7 8 9 fO 11 12
 2 4 s 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

."':"" .... " -··· .......

SlilEl.O_.....
WlR£,
··~

A A
33kV TJWISfU BUS 33kV TRANSFER BUS
ACSR SINGL! BJRS!MlS ACSR SJNGUI BEllSDllS
-'f.... J.t ..
.T,_ •..•B........
I
r .. -- -:.
" {-
· ·-· ··~· · .. .I
~ ;';~ ~ - : -€:·,_ ~ ·: L~ :·f'
I I
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B 8

100 900 2100

SECTION D-0
33KVBT
SECTION C..C
c 33KVLINE#2 c

// m , . w- . ·~ ,.~ (N:.SP. TWlH B€RSIMI$

~;·~~~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
:
!
1"
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II if II II II II II II II 11 11 II
i II II II II II II II . II .II 11 II II
: 11
11
II
II
II
11
II
11
II
II
11
II
II
II
II
II
II
II.
11
tI
II
II
11
11
,1 ! f- . ··~
() !''"" ''! :-~·. ,..; 0

· SECTION F·F
E
33KV MAIN BUS

SECTION G-G
. 132KV MAIN BUS NOTES~-
1. Al.L OIMENSIONS ARE IN mm ONLESS OTEHRWISE SPECIFlEO.
2. EOLAPMENT SUS. MAIN BUS, TlWISFER BUS AND JACK BUS HEIGHT ARE FROM TOP OF PLINTH.
FIGURE 19 A {SHEET 4 OF 4}
...•.....MANUAi."C::N sussrAr!Oi\ti:\ .
(LAYOUT & DESIGN) H
·:tua3 KV &t.eSTATIO/\l •Y.AIN S. i>MSFe'!SCk"..Ma
WIYM SUS SEC'l'ION>il.ISEl1

----PRESENT
-------f1J'IUR£
2 3 4 5 6 7 . 8 10 "1 11 ' 12 '
J~··-
1

""!.--------------- -------------- SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM

I•

-------~------- ---.. --------- ------- --------

I I

I
I
I
II
I

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FIGURE-20
SECTION AT Z-Z (BUS COUPLE,R BAY)
. ' .
MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS
(LAYOUT & DESIGN)
j
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(LOW LEVEL TYPE)
-~------~---------------------- OF ROAD CUM RAIL TRACK 145kV, BIL 650kV
'SCALE:
. PLAN · SHEET1Of1
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TRANSFER BOS
SECTION AA (LINE.··.··BAY)
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UNE-3
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43 N'. tt BUS CVT

12 E
43 N;
37 E'
NOTES:
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CONTROL ROOM" l .• ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM.
f

2. EQUIPMENT INTERCONNECTION AT 4.6 METRE.

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3. MAIN BUS HEIGHT 7.5 METER. <t 't. i<t. .<t_ <t. <t.
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4. ALL CONDUCTORS ARE ACSR PANTHER.
12 E' 37 £' TOWER BPI. TOWER TOWER. TOWER
5. SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT & DURATION :· 251</\ FOR 1 SEC. &
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* DESIGN VOLTAGE SECTION 88
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Figure-20a
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o. PHASE TO fARTH (MIN,) =1300
* b. PHASE TO PHASE (MIN.) =1300 ~ LAYOUT DRAWING - 145 KV /10.SM BAY WIDTH

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of BUS CVT
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D fil'I b. O/H £ARTHWIRE 500 KG/WIRE SECTION ·~ CC
MANUAL ON SUB STATIONS LAYOUT & DESIGN

2 3 4 .. 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

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7. POST IN9.JlATOR. 145 KV BIL 650 l<YJ5
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SCALE:
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2. ISOl.ATOR
3. CUR.RfNT TRANSFORMER
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5. LIGHTNING ARRESTER
6. POTENTW.TRANSFORMER
~ 7. WAVE lRAP .
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8. OO!JPUNG CAPACITOR WHHPOTENilAI.

. SECTION AT Y";(TRANSFORMER BAY} ~...

. 1 NOTE

1. Ra'l..ACETHESECTION Y·YWITH SECTION Y'·Y'

WH;NMf.ISOl.ATOR!SSE~~THE
ilW1SFOJWERANO CIRCUIT BREAKER IN THE
TAANSFOIWE!l CIRC.1Jrr .
2. AU.: DIMENSIOOSAAE IN MM.
3. EOOlPMENT SPACiNG IN TICEDRAW'tNGSARE BASED ON 00>
PRACnCE OF MOUNTING nte EQUIPMENT (o.a,J,A. MOC8, Ci e!C.)
· OIRECTI.YON FOUNDATION WllH SCReEH AROUND IT.1N DAA'll'IHG
EQUIPMENTSAREMOONTEOON StRUCTUREANO~IS
REMOVEO PS PER PRESENT PRAcnce.
MREF()RE. IITTER EQUIPMENT SPACING
CANFUR~R8E OPliMISEl}B'r' USER

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MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS
SECTION ATz;.z (LAYOUT &DESIGN)

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FIGURE-23

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Y'-Y' WHEN AN ISOLATOR IS TO BE . PRACTICE OF MOUNTING THE EQUIPMENT (e.g. LA, MOCB, CT etc.) . (LAYOUT & DESIGN)
PROVIDED BETWEEN THE TRANSFORMER
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Il 21so ., 2000
'
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CIRCUIT. THEREFORE, INTER EQUIPMENT SPACING ,r 18000 1k 72.SKV, BIL 325 KVp
2. All DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM. CAN FURTHER BE OPTIMISED BY USER. SECTION AT Z-Z (BUS COUPLER BAY) SCALE:
SHEET 1OF1
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6. POJEN11AI. TRANSFORMER
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I \ THEREfORE, llfiER EQUIPM!'!HT SPACING

CAN FURTifERBE OPTIMISff) '1( USER.

' SECTION AT Y1-Y' (TRANSFORMER BAY)

\ /
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2000
'
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MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS
l• (LAYOUT &DESIGN)

DOUBLE BUS ARRANGEMENT (LOW LEVE~ TYPE)

72.5 KV , BIL 325 KVp
SECTION Z-Z (BUS COUPLER) SCALE:
PLAN Ly SHEET1 OF1
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 LEGEND
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3.75M WIDE ROAD 7 M WIDE ROAD

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·. ._ ·" ,,, NOTES : .

1. All: DIMENSIONS >Rf. IN MM UNLESS Ol"HERWJSE OlHEWISE SPECIAEO
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UNE-5 UNE-4
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FHASE TO PtfASE 6JOmm
PHASE TO PHASE 6JOmm
SECllONAl ca.ARANCE : 3000m

LT TRANSFORMERS·~ 3. OOS L.tVElS AHO CONOUCTOR O.ETAILS:

. HEIGHT FROM .
I
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I 3.75M WIDE ROAD
\
BAY CONNECTION
puNJH

4000mm.
i:.QNOOCTQR
SINGt.E M(l()S( ACSR
MAIN BUS I & ll 6000mm QUAD. NOOSE I.CSR
PLAN IHTERCONNE'CllOH (ICT BAY) nYIN MOOSE iiCSR
INlERCONNECTION (EXCEPT ICT BAY} SINGl£ MOOSE ACSR
JACK BUS 9500mm lWlN MOOS£ ACSR
4. CONDUCTOR TENSION
MAIN BUS: 500!<9/CONDUCTOR
UN£ ANO JACK BUS: 500 Kg/CONDUCTOR /
5. PUNJH lEVEI. : 300mm ABOVE F.G.L
6. GRAVEL LEVEL : 100mm ABOVE f.G.L.
7. UNE TAKE-OFF STRINGS ARE M>T IN THE
scoP£ OF S/S PACKAGE.

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LAYOUT DRAWING- 66 KV/ 7.6 M BAY WIDTH·

(DOUBLE BUS SCHEME)
~

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MANUAL ON SUB STATION LAYOUT & DESIGN
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MANUAL ON SUBSTATIONS
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SECTION AT Z·Z (BUSCOUPLER BAY!
OUBLEBUS ARRANGEMENT (HIGH LEVEL TYPE}
36 KV BIL 170 KVp
SCALE:
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L 2200 L 1eoo L 2000 L1soo L -L -
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SHEEi1 OF1
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