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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Experiment A:

To investigate Fourier’s Law for the linear conduction of heat along a homogeneous bar (using brass
of same meter diameter.

Fourier’s Law: Q = A k (dt/dx)

Where;

dx = 0.030m (length)

A = pi r2

= pi (0.0125)2

= 4.909 x 10-4 m2

Power T (oC)
(W) T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9
5 36.9 36.0 35.9 31.0 31.5 29.6 28.6 28.0 27.2
10 47.1 45.3 44.7 34.7 34.7 32.0 30.2 29.0 27.9
15 58.5 56.1 55.0 38.6 38.3 34.8 31.9 30.2 28.6
20 70.0 66.9 65.5 42.4 41.7 37.5 33.4 31.2 29.2

Power (W) T (K) dt/dx K ( W/m.K)


T3 T7 dT
5 308.9 301.6 7.3 243.3 41.86
10 317.7 303.2 14.5 483.3 42.15
15 328 304.9 23.1 770 39.68
20 338.5 306.4 32.1 1070 38.08

Ktheory = 109-121 W/m.K

Kexperimental:
Q = A k (dt/dx)
5 = (4.909 x 10-4) (243.3) K
K = 41.86 W/m.K
Absolute error:
[(Ktheory – Kexperimental) / Ktheory ] X 100%
= [(109 – 41.86) / 109] X 100%
= 61.6%

Discussion:
For Experiment A, as the power increases, the temperature will also increase. The heat will
not accumulate at a T1 point only, it flows and equilibrates through T2, T3 and so on. Each
point will show a decrement of temperature along the way. If we leave the homogenous bar
long enough, most points near the heater would have the same temperature. Since T9 is
located near the water, most heat loss through the flowing fluid resulting T9 has a constant
temperature over time.
The percentage of absolute error for this experiment is high, which is by 61.6%.This might
due to the inconsistency of the heat supply, the thermal grease is not applied properly to
give enough conductivity, the brass is not well contacted with the linear module and T4
point seems to have a problem since it experienced a sudden drop in temperature. In order
to improve this experiment, thermal grease should be supplied sufficiently and brass
module should be clamped tightly.

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