THE STRUCTURAL Design oF Air ano Gas Ducts For Power Stations AND INDUSTRIAL Bower Appiications Ain ano Gas Duct Structure Design Gommirree oF THE Enency Division of THe American Society oF Gru Encineers Ronald L. Schneider, Chairman Daniel S. Blackwood Victor A. Bochicchio Robert F Bucelwicz Joseph 6, Clark M, Roy Hogan Robert W, Jacks Ronald 8, Jonhson Paul A. Kokosinski Timothy $. Laughlin AS American Society of Civil Enginoors 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE RESTON, VIRGINIA 20191-4400, Thomas 6. Longlais James Newell Rodiney K. Simonetti Michaet Stiefermann Kenneth M. Tamms ‘Walter Van Oyke Raymond M. Warten Haim Weinstein James S. WhiterattABSTRACT ‘This document, The Structural Dosign of Air & Gas Ducts for Powor Stations & Industrial oie Appleations, nas been created fo asest structural engineers when performing the Stustural analysts and.design of ductwork. Ar and gas ducts for fossil fuel power stabons fatd ndustial Doler applications are unique structures. Considering that ductwork sirucir a’ analysis and design Is no! currently relerenoed or governed by any national code or Gesign standard, this publeaton presents the structural engineer with current approaches, for the structural analysis and gesign of ar and flue-gas ductwork. Included are sections. on: 1) Material solection, behavior and peormance, 2) design loads, loading combina. tions and alowapie stresses, 5) thermal consigerations: 4) vibyalion considerations; 5) Structural arrangement ara behavor, 6) toggle duct behavior and expansion joint consi erations; 7) overall duct structural analysis and design methods. and 8) design consider ons for focal elements of the structure, such as siffeners, internal braves, connectons, ‘ming vanes, and other flow distribution devices, Ths document also discusses drawing land spocticetion content, fabrication and construction techniques and considerations, Get support motheds, and special considerations regarding tne design of duct support Structures, Finally, talks about field maintenance examinations ad inspections for the purpose of preveniave maintenance or canditon assessment Library of Congress Catalosing-in-Pubtcation Data The structural dosign of ai and gas duets for power stations and ‘tetrl bole appicatons A and Gas Duet Stuctural Design Commitee ofthe Energy Divsion ofthe Ar and Gas Duet Stuctural Design Commitee, Bea Incldes bticgraphicalreterences and index. ISBN 0-7844-01 ae ‘Bower plants--Equement and suppl. 2. Steam-bollers.3. Ar cuets—Design and Gonstucan & Fue gases | Amerean Soctety of Cv Engineers AY and Gas Duc Stuctual Design Commitee Tyres Se7 1988 95-24709 eioieaned aie The matenal presented in this publication has been prepared in accordance with ‘generally recognized engineering principles ane practices, and i for gereral information Shiv. This ifrmation should rat be Used without first securing competent advice with Fesbec 1 its suitably for any general or specie application. 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Library of Congress Catalog Card No: 96-24709, ISON D 7aae-c1 128 Nanuiactures in the United States of Amera, PREFACE This ASCE Special Publication has been created by a seleet committee of srs nd mechan engineers who ste ste epercnced So ie ‘structural analysis and design of air and flue-gas ductwork for power stations large industrial boiler applications. : 5 oe eee The need for this document was ideotified in 1991 by the ASCE Fossil Power Commitee under the chairmanship of Thomas Longlas. Tom sbeaned the authorization of the ASCE through the Energy Ditkion to wean we Committee assigned to produce this Special Pubiation, ‘Sabsequeniy ake ASCE Task Commitee on the Structural Design of Air & Oa Deeg on treated late in 1991 under my chairmanship. My fs, and mest operon wa was to form a working commie of qualified individuals fos vinecs es of the power and boiler industies, Telieved thatthe bes commits oeeed const of sepresetatnes ro all facet of the ductwork indus oe consulting engineers, equipment suppliers and duct suppli uit and dict suppliers. I tred to Tecra iuidvals fom these sypes of representative major companies horperone ne strocural analysis and design of dues. The committe sured aut te orig of 1982 with about 25 member, but gradually shrunk to a worting weanat ad All of these individuals put a considerable amount of wo! fi of thee ind le amount of work into this effort and Air & Gas Duet Structural Design Committee Ron Schneider * —Gilbert/Commonwealth Fngineers Dan Blackwood _Southen Company Sendees Vie Bohiceio Zurn Baleke-Durr, Ine Bo Busi Boston Edson Co, Joe atk * ABE Combustion Enginering Sytem Roy Hogan * ABB Environmental tomes Bill Jeers Tennessee Valley Authority Ron Jonson + —_Babeoek & Wileox ‘Paul Kokosinski * Public Service Electric & Gas Tim Lain” + Sugen Lundy Enper om Langlais Sargent & Landy Engineers Jim Newell a aie Stone & Webster Engincerag Corp. Gilver'/Commeonveath Engineers Cente Elec Com Rod Simonetti * Mike Stiefermann Ken Tamms American Electric Power, Wal Van Dyke + Foster Wheeler Boer Corp, Ray Warren * Warren Enginering Heim Weinstein Public Service Electric & Gi Ta teean ite ice Electric & Gas Bechtel Power Corp,‘Tae most signifeant and ine consuming contributions were made by the indiduals who actually authored the varus sections of this ASCE Spesal Fublcaion. Tse lndvduale are nocd onthe previous page with an aster tier their name. They all deserve u spec thas for their ommtment and hard wor, In addition, many of the task committee members obtained important help from lther engineers and designers within their organizations. I give my thanks to all ‘of them. Some of the more significant contributors to the success of this ASCE. ‘Special Publication were: Daniel Biss, David Wagner, Timothy Frymoyer, and Kenneth Bauer trom Gilbert/Commonwealth and Edward Hanko trom Sargent & Lundy, Ronald L, Schneider ASCE Member June 1995 American Society of Civil Engineers Special Publication The Structural Design of Air & Gas Ducts for Power Stations & Industrial Boiler Applications 1 CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION... oa 1 11 Statement of Intent and Expected Use of this Dociment 3 12 Limitations and Seope of this Document 5 13. Ductwork Systems Descriptions 7 14 Glossary/Definitions : 0 15 Deseriptions of Major Duetwork Equipment 26 16 Descriptions of Duetwork Accessories 30 DUCTWORK ARRANGEMENT AND BEHAVIOR 33 21 Overview 35 2.2 Interfaces with Equipment :37 2.3 Thermal Expansion . 5 24 Supports... 54 25 Duct Geometries ees an eae 6 26 Internal Trusses and Struts - 70 27 Effects of the Arrangement on Loads . 14 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL - SELECTION, APPLICATIONS AND PROPERTIES . st 34 Introduction « . 18 3.2 Availability of Materiais a) 33. Material Properties : 84 34 Material Selection 92 35 Bolts me 95 36 Welding Blectroaes 95 3.7 Ductwork Protection 96 38 Hanger Elemens 9