society &

culture
SS1
SS
sociology is the
study of society
and the social
interactions that
takes place therein
sociology
(noun)
Latin word "socius" meaning "companion
or associate and "logos" the Greek word
for "study"
 essential characteristics
1. SOCIOLOGY IS 2. SOCIOLOGY IS
NEUTRAL CONCERNED WITH THE
STUDY OF HUMAN
It describes society as what it
is not what it ought to be. SOCIAL LIFE.

3. SOCIOLOGY IS A
SCIENCE
02 areas of
sociology
social
organization
study of social groups, institutions,
stratification and mobility, ethnic relations
and bureaucracy
social
psychology
human nature as the outcome of
group life, personality formation and
collective behavior.
 social change.

social social
organization disorganization
human ecology
behavior of a given population and its
relationship to the group's social institutions
and natural resources.
population
studies
population size, composition, change and
quality as they influence the economic,
political, and social systems
sociological theory
discovery and development of research tools
that will test the applicability of the principles
of group life as basis for regulation of the
social environment.
applied sociology
application of the findings of pure
sociological research.
03
pioneers
of
sociology
 early practitioners
1.
group cohesion in
WALTER BAGEHOT group struggle, "cake
(1826-1877, of custom" to attain
ENGLISH) group cohesion

2.
polygenetic hypothesis
LUDWIG GUMPLOWI
and hatred exists
CCZ (1838-1909, between groups and
POLISH) races why groups fight
 early practitioners
3. GUSTAV
RATZENHOFERS the principle of
(1842-1912, interest governs life.
AUSTRIAN)

4. JACQUEZ four phases of social

NOVICOW evolution:
(1849-1912, physiological,
RUSSIAN) economic, political, and
intellectual
 early practitioners
5. ACHILLE LORIA
economic
(1857-1943,
evolutionism: 
ITALIAN)

6. ADOLPHE COSTE demographic evolutionism: the

increasing density of population
(1842-1901, FRENCH) determines the evolution of the
society
 early practitioners
7. BENJAMIN KID
religious evolutionism: 
(1858-1916,
ENGLISH)

8. WILLIAM GRAHAM
SUMNER analytical discourse on
folkway and more
(1840-1913,
AMERICAN)
 early practitioners
9. ALBION SMALL
(1854-1926, theory of interests and
AMERICAN) their conflicts

10. LESTER WARD psychological

(1841-1913, evolutionism
AMERICAN)
other early theorists
Adolfe Quetelet (1796-1847, Belgian): statistical approach
Frederic Le Play (1806-1882, French): case study approach
William I. Thomas (1863-1947, American): situational approach
Ferdinand Toennies (1885-1936, German): typology of society
Gabriel Tarde (1843-1904, French): theory of imitation
Thorstein Veblen (1857-1929, American): technological
evolutionism
04
relationship
of sociology
to other
sciences
sociology and economics
a great deal of human social behavior is
economically motivated.
sociology and anthropology
anthropologists utilize participant observation and
actual immersion in the tribe, or society that they are
studying.
sociology and history
sociology and psychology
sociology and pol sci
careers in sociology
community organizers
development workers
community outreach social worker