TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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OUTLINE OF JURISDICTION

I. SUPREME COURT……………………………………………….. A-1

A. Original Jurisdiction……………………………………………... A-1

1. Exclusive………………………………………………………… A-1
2. Concurrent………………………………………………………. A-1

B. Appellate Jurisdiction…………………………………………… A-3

II. COURT OF APPEALS……………………………………………. A-5

A. Original Jurisdiction……………………………………………... A-5

1. Exclusive………………………………………………………… A-5
2. Concurrent………………………………………………………. A-5

B. Appellate Jurisdiction............................................................. A-5

III. SANDIGANBAYAN……………………………………………….. A-8

A. Original Jurisdiction……………………………………………... A-8

1. Exclusive………………………………………………………… A-8
2. Concurrent with the Supreme Court………………………….. A-9
3. Concurrent with the Supreme Court, Court of Appeals and
Regional Trial Courts…………………………………………… A-9

B. Appellate Jurisdiction…………………………………………… A-10

IV. REGIONAL TRIAL COURTS…………………………………….. A-10

A. Original Jurisdiction……………………………………………... A-10

1. Civil……………………………………………………………….. A-10
1.1. Exclusive……………………………………………………. A-10
1.2. Concurrent………………………………………………….. A-12
2. Criminal………………………………………………………….. A-13
2.1. Exclusive…………………………………………………… A-13

B. Appellate Jurisdiction…………………………………………… A-13

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V. FAMILY COURTS…………………………………………………. A-14

A. Exclusive and Original Jurisdiction…………………………... A-14

VI. METROPOLITAN TRIAL COURTS, MUNICIPAL TRIAL

COURTS, MUNICIPAL CIRCUIT TRIAL COURTS AND
MUNICIPAL TRIAL COURTS IN CITIES………………………. A-16

A. Original Jurisdiction……………………………………………... A-16

1. Civil……………………………………………………………….. A-16
1.1. Exclusive……………………………………………………. A-16
1.2. Delegated…………………………………………………... A-17
1.3. Special……………………………………………………… A-17
2. Criminal………………………………………………………….. A-18
2.1. Exclusive…………………………………………………… A-18
2.2. Special……………………………………………………... A-18

CIVIL PROCEDURE

PART ONE:
ORDINARY CIVIL ACTIONS

I. CASE BEGINS WITH THE FILING OF COMPLAINT……….... B-1

A. Preliminary.............................................................................. B-1

1. Definition of complaint…………………………………………. B-1

2. Requirements…………………………………………………... B-1
2.1. Verification……………………………………………........ B-1
2.2. Certificate against Forum-Shopping……………………. B-2
2.2.1 Nature……………………………………………….. B-3
2.3. MCLE Compliance………………………………………... B-5

B. Filing of Complaint………………………………………………. B-6

1. Manner…………………………………………………………… B-6
2. Payment of docket and other lawful fees…………………….. B-7

II. WHEN JURISDICTION OVER PARTIES IS ACQUIRED…….. B-8

A. Modes of Service of Summons………………………………… B-8

1. Personal Service………………………………………………... B-8
2. Substituted Service……………………………………………... B-8
2.1. Service on Domestic Private Juridical Entity…………… B-11
2.2. Service on Foreign Private Juridical Entity……………… B-11

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3. Constructive Service (By Publication)………………………… B-12

4. Extraterritorial Service, When Leave of Court
may be Granted…………………………………………………. B-12

B. Effect of Lack of Summons…………………………………….. B-13

III. INCIDENTS AFTER COURT HAS ACQUIRED

JURISDICTION OVER THE PARTIES…………………………. B-13

A. Preliminary………………………………………………………… B-13
1. Plaintiff…………………………………………………………… B-14
1.1. Notice of Dismissal of the Complaint under
Rule 17, Sec. ……………………………………………… B-14
1.2. Amended Complaint under Rule 10, Sec. 2……………. B-14
1.3. Motion for Leave to file a Supplemental
Complaint under Rule 10, Sec. 6………………………… B-14
1.4. Motion for Leave of Court to take the Deposition upon
Oral Examination or Written Interrogatories of any
Person, Whether a Party or Not under Rule 23, Sec. 1.. B-14
1.5 . Motion for Leave of Court to Serve Written
Interrogatories upon Defendant under Rule 25, Sec. 1. B-14
1.6 Motion for Production or Inspection of Documents or
Things under Rule 27, Sec. 1……………………………. B-14
1.7 . Motion to Declare Defendant in Default under
Rule 9, Sec. 3……………………………………………… B-14

2. Defendant……………………………………………………….. B-14
2.1. Motion to Set Aside Order of Default under Rule 9,
Sec. 3………………………………………………………. B-14
2.2. Motion for Extension of Time to File Responsive
Pleading under Rule 11, Sec. 11……………………….. B-14
2.3. Motion for Bill of Particulars under Rule 17, Sec. …….. B-14

B. Jurisprudence on Specific Incidents………………………… B-14

1. Notice of dismissal of complaint………………………………. B-14
2. Amended complaint…………………………………………….. B-15
3. Supplemental complaint……………………………………….. B-15
4. Deposition (Rule 23)…………………………………………… B-16
5. Written interrogatories upon defendant (Rule 25, Section 1) B-17
6. Request for admission…………………………………………. B-18
7. Production or inspection of document or things
(Rule 27, Section 1)…………………………………………….. B-18
8. Physical and mental examination of a party
(Rule 28, Section 1)…………………………………………….. B-19
9. Consequences of refusal (Rule 29)…………………………… B-19
10. Default (Rule 9, Section 3)…………………………………… B-19

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10.1. Jurisprudence on default……………………………… B-20

10.1.1. Effect of order of default……………………… B-20
10.1.2. Summary of remedies after default…….…… B-21
10.1.3. Actions where default not allowed………….. B-21
11. Extension of time to file responsive pleading (Rule 11)…… B-22
12. Bill of Particulars (Rule 12, Section 1)…….………………… B-22
13. Motion to Dismiss……………………………………………… B-22
13.1. Grounds (Rule 16, Section 1)…………………………. B-22
13.2. Discussion of Individual Grounds……………………... B-23
13.2.1. Venue improperly laid…………………………. B-23
13.2.2. Plaintiff has no legal capacity to sue………… B-25
13.2.3. Litis pendentia………………………………….. B-25
13.2.4. Res judicata…………………………………….. B-27
13.2.5. Statute of Limitations………………………….. B-28
13.2.6. No cause of action…………………………….. B-31
13.2.7. Non-complaince with condition precedent….. B-23
13.2.8. Claim paid, waived, abandoned or
Extinguished……………………………………. B-33
13.2.9. Non-compliance with Statute of Frauds…….. B-33
14. Resolution of the motion to dismiss…………………………. B-34
15. Pleading grounds as affirmative defenses………………..… B-35

IV. JOINDER OF ISSUES……………………………………………. B-35

A. Filing of answer…………………………………………………... B-35

1. Time to plead……………………………………………………. B-35
1.1. Answer to Complaint and Third-Party
(Fourth-Party, etc.) Complaint ………………….……….. B-35
1.2. Answer of a defendant foreign private juridical entity…. B-36
1.3. Answer to Amended Complaint, Amended
Counterclaim, Amended Cross-claim, and
Amended Third-Party (Fourth-Party, etc.) Complaint…. B-36
1.4. Answer to counterclaim or cross-claim…………………. B-36
1.5. Reply………………………………………………............. B-36
1.6. Answer to Supplemental Complaint…………………….. B-36
1.7. Answer to Complaint-in-Intervention……………………. B-37
2. Strict observance of periods………………………………….. B-37
3. Effect of failure to plead (Rule 9)……………………………… B-37
3.1. General Rule - Deemed Waived…………………………. B-37
3.2. Exceptions………………………………………………….. B-37

B. Counterclaim……………………………………………………… B-37
1. Definition…………………………………………………………. B-37
2. Kinds…………………………………………………………....... B-38
2.1. Compulsory………………………………………………… B-38
2.2. Permissive………………………………………………….. B-38

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3. Difference Between Permissive and

Compulsory Counterclaim……………………………………... B-38
4. Jurisprudence…………………………………………………… B-39

V. PRE-TRIAL………………………………………………………… B-39

A. Concept and Purpose of Pre-Trial…………………………….. B-39

1. Concept of Pre-Trial……………………………………………. B-39
2. Purpose of Pre-Trial………………………….………………… B-40

B. Court-Annexed Mediation………………………………………. B-41

C. Pre-Trial Order……………………………………………………. B-41

VI. TRIAL……………………………………………………………….. B-42

A. Administrative Circular No. 3-99 (January 15, 1999)............ B-42

B. Jurisprudence…………………………………………………...... B-43

VII. JUDGMENT (Rule 36)……………………………………………. B-45

A. Concept and Requirements…………………………………..... B-45

B. Kinds of Judgment and Definitions…………………………… B-45

1. Without testimonial evidence………………………………….. B-45
1.1. Judgment on the Pleadings……………………………… B-45
1.2. Summary Judgment………………………………………. B-46
2. With Partial Reception of Evidence…………………………… B-48
2.1. Judgment by Default……………………………………… B-48
2.2. Judgment on Demurrer to Evidence……………………. B-48
3. With Reception of Evidence………………………………….... B-48
4. Memorandum Decision………………………………………… B-51
5. Special Judgment………………………………………………. B-51

VIII. REMEDIES AGAINST JUDGMENTS AND FINAL ORDERS.. B-52

A. Kinds of Remedies………..……………………………………... B-52

1. Before Finality…………………………………………………… B-52
1.1. Motion for Reconsideration………………………………. B-52
1.2. Motion for New Trial………………………………………. B-52
1.3. Appeal……………………………………………………… B-52
2. After finality……………………………………………………… B-52
2.1. Relief from Judgment or Final Order……………………. B-52
2.2. Petition for Certiorari……………………………………… B-52
2.3. Annulment of Judgment………………………………….. B-52

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B. Motion for Reconsideration and New Trial………………….. B-52

1. Common Rules………………………………………………….. B-52
2. Motion for Reconsideration……............................................. B-53
2.1. Grounds…………………………………………………….. B-53
2.2. Requirements………………………………………………. B-53
2.3. No party shall be allowed a second motion for
reconsideration…………………………………………….. B-53
3. Motion for New Trial……………………………………………. B-53

C. Appeal…………………………………………………………….... B-56
1. General Principles……………………………………………… B-56

D. Modes of Appeal………………………………………………….. B-58

E. Jurisprudence…………………………………………………….. B-58
1. General Rule and Exceptions………………………………….. B-58
2. Difference between Question of Fact and Question of Law... B-59
3. Jurisdiction……………………………………………………….. B-59
4. Notice of Appeal………………………………………………… B-60
5. Record on Appeal……………………………………………….. B-60
6. Perfection of Appeal…………………………………………….. B-60
7. Effect of Perfection of Appeal………………………………….. B-61
8. Enforcement of Period of Time to Appeal……………………. B-61

IX. EXECUTION OF JUDGMENTS AND FINAL ORDERS

(Rule 39)……………………………………………………………. B-62

A. Basic Concepts – Definition……………………………………. B-62

1. Execution is a Legal Remedy for the
Enforcement of a Judgment…………………………………… B-62
2. Kinds of Execution……………………………………………… B-62
2.1. Discretionary……………………………………………….. B-62
2.2. Ministerial, or as of Right………………………………….. B-62
3. When Writ of Execution may be Quashed…………………… B-62
4. Other Grounds to Quash Writ of Execution………………….. B-63
5. Execution of Final Judgments and Orders…………………… B-64
6. Jurisprudence on Execution…………………………………… B-65
7. Levy and Garnishment – Definitions………………………….. B-67
8. Rules on Redemption…………..…………………………….... B-69
8.1. Who may Redeem…………………………………………. B-69
8.2. Amounts to be Paid in case of Redemption…………….. B-69
9. Jurisprudence on Writs of Possession……………………….. B-70

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PROVISIONAL REMEDIES

DEFINITION……………………………………………………………………....... C-1

NATURE OF PROVISIONAL REMEDIES……………………………………… C-1

DIFFERENT PROVISIONAL REMEDIES………………………………………. C-1

I. UNDER THE 1997 REVISED RULES OF COURT:……..……. C-1

1. In Civil Cases…………………….……………………………… C-1
2. In Criminal Cases…………………….…………………………. C-2

II. UNDER SPECIAL LAWS………………………………………… C-2

III. UNDER OTHER SUPREME COURT ISSUANCES……….…. C-3

COMMON REQUIREMENTS…………………………………………………….. C-4

GUIDELINES ON HOW TO FIX BONDS……………………………………….. C-5

WHEN DAMAGES MAY BE RECOVERED FROM THE BOND…………….. C-5

SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PROVISIONAL REMEDIES…………... C-7

I. UNDER THE 1987 REVISED RULES OF COURT…………… C-7

A. Attachment………………………………………………………… C-7
1. Definition………………………………………………………… C-7
2. Purpose………………………………………………………….. C-7
3. How implemented………………………………………………. C-7
4. Nature and scope: Attachment purely statutory……………... C-8
5. Strict compliance with the rule………………………………… C-8
6. Attachment to acquire jurisdiction over the res……………… C-9
7. Stages in the issuance of the writ…………………………….. C-10
8. Procedure………………………….……………………………. C-10
9. Jurisprudence…………………………………………………… C-17

B. Preliminary Injunction…………………………………………… C-18

1. Definition…………………………………………………………. C-18
2. Nature……………………………………………………………. C-19
3. Kinds……………………………………………………………... C-20
4. Purpose………………………………………………………….. C-20
5. Preliminary prohibitory injunction……………………………… C-20
6. Preliminary Mandatory Injunction……………………………... C-30
7. Procedure for issuance of preliminary injunction……………. C-31

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8. Jurisprudence…………………………………………………… C-33
9. Effect when a higher court issues a writ of preliminary
injunction against a lower court, board or tribunal in a
petition for certiorari under Rule 65…………………………… C-34
10. Temporary Restraining Order………………………………... C-35

C. Receivership………………………………………………………. C-39
1. Definition…………………………………………………………. C-39
2. Purpose………………………………………………………….. C-39
3. Appointment of a receiver……………………………………… C-39
4. General Powers of a receiver…………………………………. C-41
5. Specific situations when a receiver may be appointed……... C-41

D. Replevin……………………………………………………………. C-42
1. Definition…………………………………………………………. C-42
2. Purpose………………………………………………………….. C-42
3. Requirements…………………………………………………… C-43
4. Order of replevin. ………………………………………………. C-43
5. Jurisprudence…………………………………………………… C-44

E. Support Pendente Lite………………………………………...... C-45

1. Support pendente lite may be granted by the court in
two (2) instances………………………………………………... C-45
2. Nature of proceedings in the grant of support
pendente lite…………………………………………………….. C-45
3. Procedure………………………………………………………... C-45
4. Jurisprudence…………………………………………………… C-48

F. Provisional Remedies in Criminal Cases……………………. C-48

1. Availability of Provisional Remedies………………………….. C-48
2. Attachment………………………………………………………. C-48

II. UNDER SPECIAL LAWS………………………………………… C-49

A. Temporary Protection Order under the Anti Violence

Against Women and their Children Law……………………... C-49
1. Definition…………………………………………………………. C-49
2. Protection order under Rep. Act No. 9262 vs.
Protection order under A.M. No. 02-11-12-SC on the
Rule on Provisional Orders……………………………………. C-49
3. Period of validity of a TPO……………………………………... C-50
4. How the TPO is enforced………………………………………. C-51
5. The TPO shall include any, some, or all of the
following reliefs…………………………………………………. C-51
6. Who may file a petition for protection order………………….. C-54
7. Jurisprudence…………………………………………………… C-55

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B. Provisional Remedies under the

Human Security Act of 2007……………………………………. C-55
1. Inspection, Examination, And Freeze Orders………... C-55
2. Seizure and Sequestration Of Accounts……………… C-58
3. Restriction On Travel……………………………………. C-58

C. Protective Order under the

Anti-Child Pornography Act 2009…………………………...… C-59

D. Freeze Order under the Anti-Money

Laundering Act of 2001, as Amended………………………… C-59
1. Who issues………………………………………………………. C-59
2. Effectivity………………………………………………...………. C-60
3. Procedure………………………………………………………... C-60

E. Protection Orders for victims and witnesses under

the Philippine Act on Crimes Against International
Humanitarian Law, Genocide, and Other Crimes
Against Humanity………………………………………………… C-64

III. UNDER OTHER SUPREME COURT ISSUANCES…………… C-65

A. Definition of Terms………………………………………………. C-65

B. Provisional Remedies Under the Rule on the

Writ of Amparo………..………………………………………….. C-66
1. Temporary Protection Order…………………………………… C-66
2. Inspection Order………………………………………………… C-66
3. Production Order………………………………………………... C-67
4. Witness Protection Order………………………………………. C-67
5. Jurisprudence…………………………………………………… C-68

C. Provisional Remedies under the Rule on

Corporate Rehabilitation………………………………………... C-68
1. Stay Order……………………………………………………….. C-68
2. Appointment of Receiver………………………………………. C-72

D. Provisional Remedies under the

Rule on Provisional Orders…………………………………….. C-73
1. Spousal Support………………………………………………… C-73
2. Child Support……………………………………………………. C-74
3. Child Custody…………………………………………………… C-75
4. Visitation Rights…………………………………………………. C-77
5. Hold Departure Order…………………………………………... C-77
6. Order of Protection……………………………………………… C-78
7. Administration of Common Property………………..………… C-79

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F. Provisional Remedies under the

Rule on Involuntary Commitment of Children………………. C-79
1. Guardian Ad Litem of Child……………………………………. C-79
2. Temporary Custody of A Child………………………………… C-80

G. Provisional Remedies under the

Rules of Procedure for Environmental Cases………………. C-80
1. When Temporary Environmental Protection
Order (TEPO) may issue………………………………………. C-80
2. Court’s duty to monitor acts subject of TEPO……………….. C-81
3. Applicant exempt from bond requirement……………………. C-81
4. Dissolution of TEPO……………………………………………. C-81
5. Report on TEPO, EPO, TRO or preliminary injunction…...… C-81

H. Hold Departure Order in Criminal Cases…………………….. C-81

SPECIAL CIVIL ACTIONS

I. GENERAL DEFINITION………………………………………….. D-1

II. HOW INITIATED…………………………………………………... D-1

III. DIFFERENT SPECIAL CIVIL ACTIONS……………………….. D-2

A. Interpleader……………………..……………………………........ D-2
1. Definition…………………………………………………...…….. D-2
2. Purpose………………………………………………………….. D-2
3. Jurisdiction………………………………………………………. D-2
4. Requisites……………………………………………………….. D-3
5. Procedure……………………………………………………….. D-3
6. Jurisprudence…………………………………………………… D-5
6.1. Interpleader found to be proper…..……………………… D-5
6.2. Interpleader found to be improper……………………….. D-5

B. Declaratory Relief and Similar Remedies….......................... D-6

1. Definition…………………………………………………........... D-6
2. Exclusive Jurisdiction………………………………………...... D-6
3. Specific Features……………………………………………….. D-6
4. Actions that may be brought under this rule…………………. D-7
5. When action for Declaratory Relief found Proper…………… D-7
6. When action for Declaratory Relief found Improper………… D-8
7. When court action is discretionary……………………………. D-10
8. When converted into ordinary action…………………………. D-10
9. Jurisprudence…………………………………………………… D-10

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C. Certiorari…………...…………………………………...…………. D-11
1. Prefatory Statement…………………………………………….. D-11
2. Definition…………………………………………………………. D-12
3. Requisites……………………………………………………….. D-13
4. Terminology……………………………………………………... D-13
5. When improper………………………………………………..... D-13
6. Requirements for extrinsic sufficiency of
petition for certiorari…………………………………………….. D-15
7. Time to file certiorari petition…………………………………... D-16
8. Respect for hierarchy of courts………………………………... D-16
9. Administrative sanctions against judges who
refuse to proceed with the main case………………………… D-18
10. Sanctions against litigants and lawyers
who file unmeritorious certiorari petitions…………………… D-19
11. Amendments in other Rules affecting certiorari……………. D-19

D. Prohibition……….………………………………………………… D-21
1. Definition…………………………………………………………. D-21
2. Requisites……………………………………………………….. D-21
3. Objective of Prohibition………………………………………… D-22
4. Jurisprudence…………………………………………………… D-22

E. Mandamus……..………………………………………………….. D-23
1. Definition…………………………………………………………. D-23
2. Requisites……………………………………………………….. D-23
3. Jurisprudence…………………………………………………… D-24
4. Rule on Writ of Continuing Mandamus……………………..... D-24

F. Quo Warranto……………………………………………………... D-25

1. Definition…………………………………………………………. D-25
2. Jurisdiction………………………………………………………. D-25
3. Requisites……………………………………………………….. D-25
4. Specific Features……………………………………………...... D-26
5. Distinctions………………………………………………………. D-28
6. Jurisprudence………………………………………………….... D-30

G. Expropriation…………………..…………………………………. D-31
1. Definition…………………………………………………………. D-31
2. Jurisdiction………………………………………………………. D-31
3. Requisites……………………………………………………….. D-31
4. Specific Features……………………………………………….. D-32
5. Jurisprudence………………….….......................................... D-40

H. Foreclosure of Real Estate Mortgage……………..……..…... D-43

1. Definition…………………………………………………………. D-43
2. Requisites……………………………………………………….. D-43

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3. Distinction between right of redemption and

equity of redemption……………………………………………. D-44
4. Specific Features……………………………………………….. D-47
5. Jurisprudence…………………………………………………… D-48

I. Partition………………………….……………………………….... D-50
1. Definition…………………………………………………………. D-50
2. Jurisdiction………………………………………………………. D-50
3. Kinds of Partition………………………………………………... D-50
a. Extrajudicial…………………………………………………... D-50
b. Judicial Partition……………………………………………… D-50
4. Requisites……………………………………………………….. D-51
5. Specific Features.………………………………………………. D-51
6. Jurisprudence………………………………………………….. D-56

J. Forcible Entry and Unlawful Detainer………………………… D-57

1. Definition…………………………………………………………. D-57
2. Definition of Terms……………………………………………… D-58
3. Purpose………………………………………………………….. D-58
4. Jurisdiction………………………………………………………. D-59
5. Three kinds of actions to recover possession of realty……... D-59
6. Requisites……………………………………………………….. D-60
7. Specific Features……………………………………………….. D-61
8. Jurisprudence…………………………………………………… D-68

K. Contempt…………………………………………………………... D-74
1. Definition…………………………………………………………. D-74
2. Jurisdiction………………………………………………………. D-74
3. Kinds of Contempt……………………………………………… D-74
As to manner of commission:
a. Direct contempt………………………………………….. D-74
b. Indirect contempt………………………………………... D-75
As to nature:
a. Civil contempt……………………………………………. D-75
b. Criminal contempt……………………………………….. D-75
4. Bench Warrants…………………………………………………. D-75
5. Requisites……………………………………………………….. D-76
6. Specific Features……………………………………………….. D-77
7. Jurisprudence…………………………………………………… D-80

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SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS

I. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………….. E-1

A. Definition…………………………………………………………... E-1

B. Distinction from Ordinary Civil Action………………….……. E-1

C. Applicability of Rules for Ordinary Civil Action…………….. E-1

1. Special proceedings under the Rules of Court…………….. E-1
2. Special proceedings under various laws and Supreme
Court Circulars………………………………………………... E-2
3. Special Proceedings under other Supreme Court
Circulars……………………………………………………….. E-3

II. SETTLEMENT OF ESTATE OF DECEASED PERSONS……. E-4

A. Definition……………………………….………………………..… E-4

B. Jurisdiction of Probate Court Based on Gross Value of

Estate………………………………………….............................. E-4
1. Limited jurisdiction of the court in settlement of estate……. E-4
2. Nature of authority of court in probate of will……………….. E-4

C. Jurisprudence………………..…………………………………... E-5
1. Probate court cannot act on rights to property arising from
contract nor proceed to the probate of will that preterited a
compulsory heir………………………………………………... E-5
2. Probate court cannot act on side agreement of parties as
to a right of way. ………………………………………………. E-5
3. Exceptions to the limited jurisdiction of the probate court… E-6

D. Venue……………………….……………………………………… E-6
1. Question as to venue to be decided by court first taking
cognizance of petition…………………………………………. E-7
2. Meaning of residence…………………………………………. E-7

E. Kinds of Settlement………………….………………………….. E-7

1. Extrajudicial Settlement………………………………………. E-8
2. Petition for administration of estate must be based on
good reason……………………………………………………. E-9
3. Not good reasons to file for administration of estate……… E-9
4. Extrajudicial settlement is in the nature of a contract……... E-9
5. Time bar for parties who participated to object to the
extrajudicial proceeding. …………………………………….. E-9

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6. Period of action for reconveyance based on implied or

constructive trust………………………………………………. E-10

F. Probate or Authentication of a Will……………………..…… E-10

1. Will defined…………………………………………………….. E-10
2. Formal Requisites in Execution and Attestation of Wills….. E-10
3. Time to submit will to the court………………………………. E-11
4. Time for executor to signify acceptance or refusal of trust.. E-11
5. Sanctions for Failure………………………………………….. E-12
6. Contents of petition…………………………………………… E-12
7. Time to prove or contest the will…………………………….. E-12
8. Publication of notices; exception……………………………. E-12
9. Persons entitled to notice…………………………………….. E-13
10. Proof required at the hearing for the probate of a will……. E-13
11. Evidence required for allowance of will…………………….. E-14
12. Proof required when a will is lost or destroyed…………….. E-14
13. Jurisprudence…………………………………………………. E-15
14. Contesting a will………………………………………………. E-15
15. Grounds for disallowance of a will…………………………... E-16
16. Letters testamentary issued when will is allowed…………. E-16

G. Letters of Administration………………………………………. E-16

1. Jurisprudence…………………………………………………. E-16
2. Contents of petition for letters of administration…………… E-17
3. Persons disqualified from being appointed administrator
or executor…………………………………………………….. E-17

H. Appointment of a Special Administrator…………………….. E-18

1. Jurisprudence…………………………………………………. E-18
2. General powers and duties of executors and
administrators…………………………………………………. E-19

I. Inventory, Appraisal and Exclusions…………….…………… E-19

J. Allowance to the Widow and Family………………………….. E-20

K. Sales, Mortgages and Payment of Debts……………….….... E-20

1. Persons interested may prevent sale by filing bond………. E-20
2. Jurisprudence…………………………………………………. E-21

L. Conditions for Granting Authority to Sell, Mortgage, or

Encumber the Estate…………………………………………….. E-21

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M. Actions by and Against Executors and

Administrators……………………………………………………. E-21
1. Jurisprudence…………………………………………………. E-22
2. Actions that survive…………………………………………… E-22
3. Claims that do not survive………………………………….... E-22

N. Proceedings When Property is Concealed, Embezzled or

Fraudulently Conveyed…………………………………………. E-23

O. Double Value Rule……………………………………………….. E-23

P. Rendition of Account……………………………………………. E-23

Q. Remedy for Fraudulent Conveyance by the Deceased

During His Lifetime…………………….………………………… E-24

R. Statute of Non-Claims…………………………………………… E-24

S. Extension of Period to Allow Contingent Claim……………. E-25

T. Filing of Claims………………………………………………....... E-25

U. Types of Claim to be Presented……….………………………. E-26

V. Time Bar and Set-Off…………………………………………….. E-26

W. Disposition of Admitted Claim and Trial of Contested

Claim……………………………………………............................ E-26

X. Appeal of Judgment……………………………………….......... E-27

Y. Payment of Debts……...…………………………………………. E-27

1. Where there are sufficient assets to pay the debts……….. E-27
2. Where the estate is insolvent………………………………... E-28
3. The payment of debts of the deceased shall be made
pursuant to the order of payment issued by the probate
court…………………………………………………………….. E-28

Z. Time for Paying Debts and Legacies………………….……… E-28

AA. When Order of Distribution of Residue Made....................... E-29

BB. Collation………………………………..…………………………... E-29

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CC. Accountability and Compensation of Executors and

Administrators…………………………………………………….. E-30
1. Administrator not liable or cannot profit from the increase
or suffer loss from the decrease……………………………… E-30
2. Accountability for income from realty used by him…………. E-30
3. Liability of executor or administrator for delay……………… E-30
4. Necessary expenses allowed………………………………… E-30
5. Greater sum allowed in special cases………………………. E-31
6. Compensation of two or more executors……………………. E-31
7. Attorney’s fees…………………………………………………. E-31
8. Recourse of lawyer if executor or administrator refuses to
pay attorney’s fees. …………………………………………… E-31
9. When executor or administrator shall render an account…. E-32

DD. Distribution and Partition………………………………. ……… E-32

EE. Accounting of all Expenses and Bond……………………….. E-32

FF. Issue as to Expenses that Remain Unsettled……………….. E-33

GG. Judicial Expenses of the Testamentary or Intestate

Proceedings………………………………………………………. E-33

HH. Advance Distribution……………………………………............ E-33

II. Distribution of Residue of Estate……………………………… E-33

JJ. When Final Liquidation May be Set Aside…………………… E-34

KK. Project of Partition……………………………………………….. E-34

LL. Expenses of Partition……………………………………............ E-34

MM. Final Order of Partition and Recording of the Order of

Partition……………………………………………………………. E-34

III. ESCHEATS………………………………………………………… E-35

A. Definition……………………………………………………….. E-35

B. When Filed………………………………………………………. E-35

C. Who Files Petition………………………………………….......... E-35

D. Where Filed………………………………………………………... E-35

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E. Contents of Petition……………………………………………… E-35

F. Order of Hearing………………………………………………… E-35

G. Publication………………………………………………………… E-36

H. Judgment…………………………………………………….......... E-36

I. Judgment in Escheat is Conclusive Against All Persons

with Notice………………………………………………………… E-36

J. Jurisprudence………………………………………………… E-36
1. Escheat judgment that has become final cannot be nullified E-36
2. Escheat proceedings cannot be converted into a
settlement proceeding………………………………………….. E-37
3. Doctrine of pari delicto in reversion or escheat proceedings. E-37
4. When reversion will not prosper………………………………. E-37

K. Permanent Trust…………………………………………............. E-37

L. Filing of Claim Within Five (5) Years………………………….. E-38

M. Other Escheat Actions………………………………………...… E-38

N. Jurisprudence…………………………………………………….. E-38
1. Property transferred to a Filipino citizen can no longer be
subject of reversion………………………………….…………. E-38
2. Nullity of repudiation does not operate to convert the
property into res nulius for escheat in favor of government... E-39

O. Escheat of Unclaimed Balance………………………………... E-39

P. Other Escheat Actions…………………………………………... E-39

IV. GUARDIANSHIP………………………………………………….. E-40

A. Definition………………………………………………………....... E-40

B. Necessity for Guardianship…………………………………….. E-40

1. Guardian of an incompetent must be notified for a court to
render judgment against him but no notices to creditors are
required for appointment of a guardian………………………. E-40
2. A child or minor person………………………………………... E-40
3. An “incompetent” person as the subject of guardianship….. E-41
4. Parents as guardians………………………………………….. E-41

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C. Kinds of Guardians………………………………………………. E-42

D. Who May File a Petition, Jurisdiction and Venue in

Guardianship Proceeding………………………………………. E-42
1. Compensation and expenses………………………………... E-42
2. Grounds for removal of a guardian………………………….. E-42
3. Rule on Guardianship of Minor Children……………………. E-43

E. Venue………………………………………………………………. E-43

F. Grounds for Appointment of Guardian of a Minor Child

Under the Supreme Court Rule............................................... E-43

G. Factors Considered in Appointing a Guardian for a Minor

Child………………………….............................................................. E-43

H. Order of Preference in the Appointment of Guardian for a

Minor Child…………………………................................................... E-44

I. Bond Required and its Conditions……………………………..... E-44

J. Persons Disqualified or Considered Unfit to be Appointed

as Guardians………………………………... ………………………. E-45

K. Termination of Guardianship, Removal and Resignation of

a Guardian………………………………………………………………. E-45

L. Effect of Removal or Resignation of Guardian……………… E-46

M. Termination of Guardianship when Ward Comes of Age or

Dies……………………………………………………………………….. E-46

N. Amendment to the Rules of Court……………………………….. E-46

V. ADOPTION……………………………………………………….… E-47

A. Definition…………………………………………………………... E-47

B. Governing Laws…………………………………………………... E-47

C. Domestic Adoption…………………………………………......... E-48

1. Coverage………………………………………………………… E-48
2. Persons who may adopt……………………………………….. E-48
3. Exceptions to the requirements of residency………………... E-48
4. Joint adoption…………………………………………………… E-48
5. Persons who may be adopted………….……………………… E-48

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6. Certification of child adoption by the DSWD……….………… E-49

7. Where petition for adoption is filed………………….………… E-49
8. Requirements for petition filed by a Filipino citizen………….. E-49
9. Requirements for petition filed by an alien…………………… E-49
10. Exceptions to requirements of certification of the alien’s
qualification to adopt in the country and residency……….. E-49
11. Child and Home Study Reports……………………………… E-50
12. Supervised trial custody……………………………………… E-50
13. Completion of six (6) months trial custody by an
alien adopter……...…………………………………………… E-50
14. Decree of Adoption……………………………………………. E-50
15. Book of adoption…..………………………………………….. E-51
16. Rescission of adoption……………………………………….. E-51

D. Inter-Country Adoption…………………………………............. E-53

1. Coverage…………………………………………………………. E-53
2. Persons who may file petition………………………………….. E-53
3. Contents of petition………………………….………………….. E-53
4. Support to the would-be adopted child……….………………. E-53
5. Order issued if petition is sufficient in form and substance.… E-53
6. Requirements for child adopted in the Philippines to be
brought to the United States…………………………………… E-54
7. Additional requirements for issuance of immigrant visa to
the child…………………………………………………………... E-54

VI. TRUSTEES……………………………………………………….... E-55

A. Definition………………………………………………………....... E-55

B. Appointment………………………………………………………. E-55

C. Fiduciary…………………………………………………………… E-56

D. Disqualifications to be Appointed as Trustee…………….… E-56

E. Bond………………………………………………………………... E-56

F. Sale or Encumbrance of Trust Estate………………………… E-56

G. Compensation of Trustee………………………………………. E-57

H. Removal of Trustee………………………………………............ E-57

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VII. PROCEEDINGS FOR THE HOSPITALIZATION OF

INSANE PERSONS……………………………………………….. E-58

A. Definition………………………………………………………....... E-58

B. Ways of Commitment……………………………………………. E-58

1. Voluntary…………...…………………………………………… E-58
2. Involuntary………………………………………………………. E-58

C. Venue…………………………………………………………......... E-58

D. Who Can File the Petition………………………………………. E-58

E. Discharge………………………………………………………...... E-58

F. Commitment of Children……………………………………...... E-59

VIII. HABEAS CORPUS……………………………………………….. E-60

A. Definition…………………………………………………….......... E-60

B. Function and Scope of the Writ……………………………….. E-60

C. Meaning of Deprivation of Fundamental or

Constitutional Rights…………………...……………………….. E-61
1. Lack of jurisdiction of the court to impose the sentence….… E-61
2. Excessive amount of bail or incorrect penalty………….……. E-61

D. Who May Issue……………………………………………………. E-62

E. Habeas Corpus in Post-Conviction DNA Testing................. E-62

F. Rule on Custody and Writ of Habeas Corpus in Relation

to Custody of Minors…………………………………………….. E-62
1. Rightful custody of a minor may be filed……….…………….. E-62
2. Best interest of minor child is principal consideration in
granting petition…………………………………………………. E-62
3. Order of preference in custody of children when parents are
unfit…………………………………..…………………………... E-63
4. Right to temporary visitation by parent deprived of custody.. E-63

IX. CHANGE OF NAME………………………………………………. E-64

A. Name Defined…………………………………………………...... E-64

1. To erase signs of former nationality is a valid ground for
change of name. ……………………………………………….. E-64

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2. Change of name on the ground that a Chinese national will

soon be a Filipino not allowed. …………..…………………… E-64

B. Change of Name by Judicial Order…………………............... E-64

C. CHANGE OF NAME THROUGH ADMINISTRATIVE

PROCEEDINGS…………………………………………………… E-65
Meaning of clerical or typographical error……………………. E-65

D. Resident Aliens…………………………………………………… E-66

E. Change of Name by a Minor Child…………………………….. E-66

1. Change of name may be made to improve personality and
social standing…………………………………………………... E-66
2. Child was not allowed to adopt surname of mother’s second
husband. ……………………………………………………….... E-66
3. Legitimate child cannot change surname of father who is a
fugitive from justice……………………………………………... E-66
4. Republic Act No. 9255…………………………………………. E-67
5. Recognition of the child in a document, public or private,
is required………..………………………………………….…... E-67
6. Affidavit to Use the Surname of the Father (AUSF)…….…... E-67
7. Procedure when a public document or AUSF is filed…….…. E-67
8. Duty of Local Civil Registrar (LCR)………………………….... E-68
9. Procedure for registered births………………………………... E-68

F. Change of Name by a Married Woman……………………….. E-68

1. Resumption by woman of name after Muslim divorce is not
change of name…………………………………………………. E-68
2. Woman who opted to use husband’s surname cannot
change it in the renewal of her passport unless there is
severance of marriage………………………………………….. E-68

G. Special Law on Passport Prevails Over General Law on

Use of Surnames…………….…………………………………… E-69

H. Change of Name of Person with Gender Re-Assignment

Not Allowed……………………………………………..………… E-69

I. Change of Name Due to Congenital Adrenal Hyperplacia

(CAH) ………………………………………………………………. E-69

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X. VOLUNTARY DISSOLUTION OF CORPORATION………….. E-70

A. Rule 104 of the Rules of Court is No Longer Applicable to

Voluntary Dissolution of Corporation………………………… E-70

B. Republic Act No. 8799…………………………………………… E-70

C. Cases Covered………………………………………………........ E-70

D. Jurisprudence…………………………………………………….. E-71

E. Appeal……………………………………………………………… E-71

F. Corporate Rehabilitation………………………………………... E-72

1. Rules of Procedure on Corporate Rehabilitation……...…….. E-72
2. The governing law concerning rehabilitation and
suspension of actions for claims against corporations is
Pres. Decree No. 902-A, as amended………………………... E-72

XI. JUDICIAL APPROVAL OF VOLUNTARY RECOGNITION

OF MINOR NATURAL CHILDREN…………….……………….. E-73

A. Provisions Under the Family Code……………………………. E-73

B. Recognition of Illegitimate Children………………………….. E-73

C. Applicable Procedure……………………………………………. E-73

D. Establishing Paternity and Filiation with the Use of DNA

Testing……………………………………………………………… E-73

E. Venue……………………………………………………………..… E-74

F. Contents of Petition and Hearing……………………………… E-74

G. Guidelines in Affixing Signature of Acknowledging

Parent…………………………………….………………………… E-74

H. Legitimation of Children Born Out of Wedlock to

Minor Parents……………………………………………………... E-74

XII. CONSTITUTION OF FAMILY HOME…………………………… E-75

A. Nature of Family Home………………………………………….. E-75

B. Exemption from Execution…………..…………………………. E-75

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C. Petition to Constitute a Family Home No Longer Required

Under the Family Code………………………………………….. E-75

XIII. DECLARATION OF ABSENCE AND DEATH…………………. E-77

A. Definition…………………………………………………………... E-77

B. Provisional Representative……………………….……………. E-77

C. Trustee or Administrator…………..……………………………. E-77

D. Notice and Publication are Required…………………………. E-77

E. Preferences………………………...……………………………… E-77

F. Termination of Appointment………..………………….………. E-78

G. When Petition is Not Necessary……………………….………. E-78

XIV. CANCELLATION OR CORRECTION OF ENTRIES IN THE

CIVIL REGISTRY………………………………………………….. E-79

A. Who May File a Petition…………………………………………. E-79

B. Venue……………..………………………………………………… E-79

C. Parties……………………………………………………………… E-79

D. Entries Subject to Cancellation or Correction.…………...… E-79

E. Notice and Publication………………………………..………… E-80

F. Nature of Proceeding……………………………...…………….. E-80

G. Purpose of an Adversarial Proceeding…………………...….. E-81

XV. APPEALS IN SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS………………………. E-81

A. Appeal……………………………………………………………… E-81

B. Period of Appeal……………………………..…………………... E-81

C. Who May Appeal……………………………….…………………. E-81

D. Orders that are Appealable…………………………...………... E-82

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E. Orders that May Not be Appealed…………………………..… E-82

F. Period and Requirements for Appeal……………....………… E-82

G. Perfection of Appeal………………………………………...…… E-82

XVI. SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS UNDER THE DIFFERENT

CIRCULARS OF THE SUPREME COURT…………………….. E-83

A. Rule on Declaration of Absolute Nullity of Void Marriages

and Annulment of Voidable Marriages………………….……. E-83
1. Coverage………………………….……………………………... E-83
2. Void marriages under Article 35 of the Family Code…….….. E-83
3. Jurisprudence……………………………………………….…... E-83
4. Void marriage under Article 36 of the Family Code…….…… E-84
5. Prohibited compromises and matters not subject of
mediation………………………………………………………… E-86
6. Trial………………………………………………………………. E-86
7. Confidentiality and privacy of proceedings…………….…….. E-86
8. Judgment………………………………………………….……... E-87
9. When decision becomes final…….…………………………… E-87
10. Liquidation, partition, distribution, custody, support of
common children and delivery of presumptive legitimate... E-87
11. Property regime that governs after the marriage is
declared null and void…….………………………………….. E-88
12. Decree………………………………………………….………. E-88
13. Contents of the dispositive portion of the decision………… E-88
14. Registration and publication of the decree and decree as
best evidence…………………………………………………. E-88
15. Effect of death of a party and duty of family or appellate
court…………….……………………………………………… E-88

B. Rule on Legal Separation……………………………………….. E-89

1. Coverage………………………………………....……………… E-89
2. Who may and when to file……………………….…………….. E-89
3. Jurisprudence…………………………………….……………... E-89
4. Pre-trial conference……………………………….……………. E-90
5. Prohibited compromises………………………….……………. E-90
6. Decree of legal separation………………………….………….. E-90
7. Effects of the decree of legal separation………….………….. E-90
8. Registration, publication of decree and best evidence….….. E-91
9. Effect of death of party and duty of family, appellate court.... E-91
10. Petition for revocation of donations…………………………. E-91
11. Reconciliation of parties……………………………………… E-91
12. Reconciliation before issuance of decree………………….. E-92
13. Reconciliation after issuance of decree…………………….. E-92
14. Adoption of another regime upon reconciliation…………… E-92

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15. File a verified motion for revival of regime of property

relations or the adoption of another regime in case of
reconciliation………………………………………………...... E-92
16. Notice to creditors if verified motion for revival of regime of
property relations or the adoption of another regime in
case of reconciliation is filed……………………...…………. E-92

C. Rule on Provisional Orders……………….……………………. E-93

1. Provisional orders………………..……………………………... E-93
2. Support…………………………..………………………………. E-93
3. Child Custody…………………..……………………………….. E-94

D. Petition for Custody of Minors……………………...…………. E-96

1. Definition……………….………………………………………… E-96
2. Award of custody is based on the best interest of the child... E-97
3. Factors to consider in custody……….………………………... E-98
4. Choice of the child above seven (7) years of age…….……. E-99
5. Other persons designated child custodian and order or
preference……………………………………………………….. E-99
6. Visitation rights………………………………………………….. E-99
7. Award of custody does not deprive the husband of parental
authority and visitation right applied to illegitimate
relationships……………………………………………………... E-99

E. Summary Proceedings Under the Family Code………….…. E-100

1. Coverage………………………………………………………... E-100
2. Rationale for the summary nature of the procedure……….. E-100
3. Nature of the summary procedure…………………………… E-100
4. Judgment………………………………………………………... E-101

XVII. PROCEEDINGS UNDER REPUBLIC ACT No. 9262, RULE

ON VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND THEIR CHILDREN E-102

A. Coverage……………………………….………………………...... E-102

B. Definition of Violence Against Women and their

Children……………………………………………………………. E-102

C. Rule on Preference in the Application for Protection

Order………………………………………………………...……… E-102

D. No Mutual, Multiple Protection Order………………...………. E-102

E. Exemption from Docket Fees, Other Expenses…………….. E-103

F. Ex-Parte Issuance of Temporary Protection Order (TPO)... E-103

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G. History of Abusive Character……………..…………………… E-104

H. Prohibited Acts………………………………………...…………. E-104

I. Period to Decide…………………..……………………………… E-104

J. Judgment………………………..………………………………... E-104

K. Prosecution of Civil Action for Damages………………..…... E-105

L. Prosecution of Criminal Action…………………..……………. E-105

M. Conspiracy Applied…………………………………………….... E-105

N. Defense of Battered Woman Syndrome (BWS)…………...... E-105

O. Bond to Keep Peace…………………..………………………… E-105

P. Reproduction of Evidence……………………………...………. E-106

Q. Privacy and Confidentiality of Proceedings………………… E-106

R. System OF Coding………………….……………………………. E-106

XVIII. PROCEEDINGS UNDER OTHER SUPREME COURT

CIRCULARS…………………………………………………..…… E-107

A. Writ of Amparo……………………………..…………………….. E-107

1. Definition………………………………………………….……… E-107
2. Definition of extralegal killings and
enforced disappearance of persons……………..…….……... E-107
3. Contents of the petition………………………………….……... E-107
4. Conspiracy………………………………………………….…… E-108
5. When the writ does not apply; jurisprudence…………….….. E-108
6. Who may file petition……………………………………….…... E-109
7. Where to file petition……………………………………….…… E-109
8. Payment of docket fees is not required………………….…… E-110
9. Summary hearing………………………………………………. E-110
10. Interim reliefs………………………………………………….. E-110
11. Availability of interim reliefs to respondent…………………. E-110
12. Contempt………………………………………………………. E-110
13. Burden of proof and standard of diligence required………. E-111
14. Judgment………………………………………………………. E-111
15. Appeal in writ of amparo……………………………………… E-111
16. Effect on substantive rights………………………………….. E-111

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B. Writ of Habeas Data…………………………..………………….. E-112

1. Definition…………………………….…………………………… E-112
2. Nature of petition…………………….………………………….. E-112
3. Where to file petition………………….………………………… E-113
4. Docket fees in writ of habeas data….………………………… E-113
5. Petition for writ of habeas data and contents…….………….. E-113
6. Contents of return…………………………………….………… E-114
7. Defenses heard in chamber………………………….………... E-114
8. Judgment………………………………………………...………. E-114
9. Substantive rights and suppletory application of the
Rule of Court…………..………………………………………… E-114

EVIDENCE

I. WHEN EVIDENCE IS NECESSARY……………………………. F-1

II. ADMISSIBILITY OF EVIDENCE………………………………… F-2

A. Axiom of Admissibility of Evidence…………………………... F-2

B. Proper Presentation of Evidence……………………………… F-3
1. Object Evidence………….……………………………………... F-4
2. Oral Evidence…………….……………………………………... F-4
3. Documentary Evidence….……………………………………... F-6
4. Jurisprudential Guidelines on Evidence Admissible to
Establish Age…………….……………………………………… F-6
C. Formal Offer of Evidence; Need for Statement of the
Purpose of Evidence……………...…………………………….. F-8

III. MODES OF EXCLUDING INADMISSIBLE EVIDENCE……… F-11

A. Evidence is Objected to at the Time it is Offered and

Not Before…………………………………………………………. F-11

B. Failure to seasonably object to offered evidence amounts

to a waiver of the grounds for objection. However, the
rules of exclusion are not self-operating. They must be
properly and timely invoked. ………………………………….. F-11

C. The grounds for objection must be specified. Grounds

not raised are deemed waived. However, repetition of
objection is unnecessary when a continuing objection is
properly made. Objection to the purpose for which
evidence is offered is not proper……………………………… F-12

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D. Motion to Strike Out Answer to Testimony………………….. F-12

E. Objections and Ruling…………………………………………... F-12

F. Objections to Evidence may be Formal or Substantive…... F-13

IV. LAYING THE FOUNDATIONS FOR EVIDENCE……………… F-17

A. Judicial Notice……………………………………………………. F-17

1. Mandatory and Discretionary Judicial Notice…….………….. F-17
2. Hearing the Parties on Discretionary Judicial Notice….……. F-18
3. Judicial Notice of Proceedings in Another Case…….………. F-19

B. Admissions: Judicial and Extra-Judicial………….…………. F-20

C. Best Evidence Rule………………………………………………. F-22

D. Parol Evidence Rule……………………………………………... F-25

E. Admissibility of Extra-Judicial Confessions………………… F-25

F. Examination of Witnesses……………………………………… F-29

G. Authentication and Proof of Documents…………………….. F-34

H. Tender of Excluded Evidence………………………………….. F-36

V. SPECIAL RULES ON EVIDENCE………………………………. F-36

A. Rule on Examination of A Child Witness…………………….. F-36

B. Rules on Electronic Evidence…………………………………. F-58

C. The Electronic Commerce Act, Rep. Act No. 8792 F-68

1. Implementing Rules and Regulations of the “Electronic
Commerce Act” ………………….……………………………... F-68
2. Implementing Rules and Regulations on Electronic
Signatures………………………….……………………………. F-68
3. Joint DTI-DOST Department Administrative Order No. 02
Providing Implementing Rules and Regulations of
Electronic Authentication and Electronic Signatures…….…. F-68

D. Rule on DNA Evidence………………………………………….. F-69

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SUMMARY PROCEDURES

I. CONCEPT OF SUMMARY PROCEDURES…………………… G-1

II. NATURE AND PURPOSE……………………………………….. G-1

III. THE REVISED RULE ON SUMMARY PROCEDURES………. G-2

A. Features……………………………………………………………. G-2
1. To accomplish its laudable objective, the rule prohibits the
filing of certain motions and pleadings………….……….…… G-2
2. The judge is empowered to “dismiss the case outright on
any of the grounds apparent therefrom for the dismissal of a
civil action”...…...……………………………….……………….. G-3
3. Submission of affidavits in lieu of direct testimony of
witnesses…………...…………………………………………… G-3
4. Cross-examination is made on the basis of such affidavits
on the day of trial………………….…………………………….. G-4
5. Submission of position papers, together with the
affidavits………………………………………………………….. G-4
6. No extension of periods………………………………………… G-4

B. Applicability - Not Applicable To RTC in Appealed Cases.. G-5

C. Coverage/Scope………………………………………………….. G-5
1. Civil Cases………………………………………………………. G-5
2. Criminal Cases………………………………………………….. G-6

D. Jurisprudence…………………………………………………….. G-6

IV. THE RULE OF PROCEDURE FOR SMALL CLAIMS CASES G-7

A. Features……………………………………………………….. G-7
1. Greatly broadens access to judicial justice………..………... G-7
2. Started as pilot project in selected first level courts……..…. G-8
3. Subsequently expanded nationwide…………………..…….. G-8
4. Bilingual instructions in English and Filipino………..………. G-8
5. Detailed instructions for both plaintiff and defendant
provided………………………………………………..……….. G-8
6. Model forms provided for ready use of parties and court….. G-8
7. The plaintiff is instructed……………………...……………….. G-8
8. Defendant is instructed………………………..………………. G-8
9. Administrative Guidelines……………………..………………. G-9
10. Required Forms for parties….............................................. G-9
11. Required Forms for the court……………...…………………. G-9

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12. Evidence…………………………………..…………………… G-10

13. Period…………………………………………..………………. G-10
14. Default order……………………………………...……………. G-10

B. Applicability……………………………………………………….. G-10

V. OTHER CASES OF SUMMARY PROCEDURES……………... G-12

A. Settlement of Estates……………………………………………. G-12

B. Arbitration Proceedings………………………………………… G-12

1. Special Rules of Court on ADR……………………………….. G-12

1.1. Features…………………………………………………… G-13
1.2. Specific Summary ADR Proceedings…………………... G-14
1.2.1. Judicial Relief as to arbitration agreement…….. G-14
1.2.2. Before Arbitration Commences…………………. G-14
1.2.3. After Arbitration Has Commenced……………… G-15
1.3. Referral to ADR…………………………………………… G-17
1.4. Interim Measures of Protection…………………………. G-18
1.5. Appointment of Arbitrator………………………………… G-21
1.6. Challenge to Appointment of Arbitrator………………… G-22
1.7. Termination of Mandate of Arbitrator…………………… G-24
1.8. Assistance in Taking Evidence………………………….. G-24
1.9. Confidentiality Protective Orders……………………….. G-25
1.10. Deposit / Enforcement of Mediated Settlement
Agreements………………………..…………………….. G-28

THE KATARUNGANG PAMBARANGAY (KB) LAW AND

ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION (ADR)
MECHANISMS
I. COMMON PURPOSES OF KB AND ADR…………………….. H-1

A. To help lighten judicial workload and decongest heavy

court dockets……………………………………………………… H-1

B. To empower the people to resolve their own disputes……. H-1

C. To preserve the Filipino culture of prior conciliation to

resolve their disputes…………………………………………… H-1

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II. THE KB LAW………………………………………………………. H-1

A. Purpose……………………………………………………….……. H-1

B. Conditions for Application of the KB Law……………….….. H-2

C. Subject Matter Jurisdiction for KB Proceedings……...……. H-2

D. Exclusions from KB Jurisdiction……………………………… H-2

E. Special Jurisdiction for KB Proceedings……………………. H-3

F. Venue for Filing of Complaint: Before Lupon of Barangay H-3

G. Procedure for Settling Disputes under KB Law…………….. H-4

H. Arbitration……………..……………..……………..…………….. H-4

I. Repudiation, Grounds, Procedure……………..……………... H-4

J. Enforcement of Settlement or Award……..…………..……… H-5

K. Sanctions……..…………..…………..…………..…………..…… H-5

L. Court Interventions in KB Law……..…………..…………..….. H-6

M. Advantages of Settling under the KB Law……..……………. H-7

1. Less costly and easily accessible……..………………..…….. H-7
2. Comprehensible proceedings……..………………..…………. H-7
3. Non-interventions of lawyers……..………...……..…………... H-7
4. Brevity of proceedings……..…………..………………...…….. H-8
5. Compromise agreement is like court judgment…………..….. H-8

N. Benefits to the administration of justice secured by the

KB Law……..…………..…………..…………..…………..……… H-8

III. COURT-ANNEXED MEDIATION (CAM) WITH

MOBILE COURT-ANNEXED MEDIATION (MCAM) ……..…... H-9

A. Definitions……..…………..…………..…………..…………..….. H-9

B. Distinctions between Mediation and Adjudication………… H-10

C. Expansion of PMC Units in the Philippines……..…………... H-13

D. Concept of Court Diversion of Pending Cases……..………. H-13

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E. Mandatory Coverage for CAM and JDR……..…………..…… H-14

F. Procedure in CAM……..…………..…………..…………..…….. H-16

G. Sanctions……..…………..…………..…………..…………..…… H-17

H. Duration of Mediation in the PMC……..…………..………….. H-17

I. Suspension of periods……..…………..…………..…………… H-18

J. Settlement……..…………..…………..…………..……………… H-18

IV. JUDICIAL DISPUTE RESOLUTION (JDR) ……..…………….. H-18

A. Procedure……..…………..…………..…………..………………. H-19

B. Courts……..…………..…………..…………..…………..……….. H-20
1. Multiple Sala Courts……..………………..…………..………... H-20
2. Single Sala Courts……..………………..…………..………….. H-20
3. Family Courts……..…………..………………..…………..…… H-21
4. Commercial, Intellectual Property and
Environmental Courts…………..………………...…………..... H-21

C. JDR During Trial……..…………..…………..…………..………. H-22

D. Settlement Period……..…………..…………..…………..……... H-22

E. Party Participation……..…………..…………..…………..……. H-22

1. Individual Party Litigants……..………………..…………..…… H-22
2. Corporate Party Litigants……..………………..………………. H-23

F. Sanctions……..…………..…………..…………..…………..…… H-23

G. Duration of JDR proceedings……..…………..…………..…… H-24

H. Suspension of periods……..…………..…………..……………. H-24

I. Settlement……..…………..…………..…………..…………..….. H-24
1. Civil Cases……..……………….…………..…………..………. H-24
2. Criminal Cases……..………………..…………..……………… H-25

J. Pre-trial Proper……..…………..…………..…………..………… H-25

K. Trial and Judgment……..…………..…………..…………..…… H-26

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V. JDR FOR RTC AS APPELLATE COURT FROM

FIRST LEVEL COURTS……..……………...…………..……….. H-26

VI. APPELLATE COURT MEDIATION (ACM) ……..……………... H-26

VII. NEED FOR CONSOLIDATION OF RULES……..……………... H-26

VIII. NEED TO EXPAND COVERAGE OF MEDIATION……..…….. H-27

IX. SPECIAL ADR RULES OF COURT……..…………..…………. H-28

1. Provisions……..…………..………………..…………..……….. H-28
2. Necessity for Promulgation……..………………..……………. H-37
3. Purpose……..…………..………………..…………..………….. H-37
4. Exclusions……..…………..…………...…..…………..……….. H-38

X. CONDITIONS FOR ARBITRATION TO PROCEED……..……. H-38

XI. FEATURES……..…………..…………..…………..……………... H-38

INDEX

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