Separate Salt and Water Using Distillation

You can boil or evaporate the water and the salt will be left behind as a solid. If you want to collect the
water, you can use distillation. This works because salt has a much higher boiling point than water. One
way to separate salt and water at home is to boil the salt water in a pot with a lid. Offset the lid slightly
so that the water that condenses on the inside of the lid will run down the side to be collected in a
separate container. Congratulations! You've just made distilled water. When all of the water has boiled
off, the salt will remain in the pot.

Separate Salt and Water Using Evaporation

Evaporation works the same way as distillation, just at a slower rate. Pour the salt water into a shallow
pan. As the water evaporates, the salt will remain behind. You can speed up the process by raising the
temperature or by blowing dry air over the surface of the liquid. A variation of this method is to pour the
salt water onto a piece of dark construction paper or a coffee filter. This makes recovering the salt
crystals easier than scraping them out of the pan.

Distillation exploits the differences in the volatility of the solution's components, which means that every
compound has a different boiling point and starts to vaporize (change from its liquid to gaseous state) at
a different temperature. When distilling, you heat up the solution so that the component with the lowest
boiling point evaporates first, leaving the other solutes behind. The vaporized component in the gaseous
state can then be collected in a different container by condensation and is called distillate. This means
that the vapor is cooled down so the gas becomes a liquid again. By changing the distillation
temperature, you can separate many different substances according to their different volatilities. If you
have a solution that includes a nonvolatile solute, however, this compound will always stay behind in the
solution.

Seawater is a very abundant source of water, but its high salt content make seawater unsuitable as
drinking water. However, pure water can be produced from seawater by distillation.

During distillation, the seawater is boiled. The water vapour is then cooled and condensed to form pure
water - leaving the salt behind.

The disadvantages of producing drinking water this way include:

it is expensive because large amounts of energy are needed to heat the seawater
it increases the use of fossil fuels - which are non-renewable resources

carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels contribute to global warming

Simple distillation is a method for separating the solvent from a solution. For example, water can be
separated from salt solution by simple distillation. This method works because water has a much lower
boiling point than salt. When the solution is heated, the water evaporates. It is then cooled and
condensed into a separate container. The salt does not evaporate and so it stays behind.

Salt solution is heated.

Water evaporates and its vapours rise. The water vapour passes into the condenser, where it cools and
condenses. Liquid water drips into a beaker.

All the water has evaporated from the salt solution, leaving the salt behind

Every pure substance has its own particular melting point and boiling point. One way to check the purity
of the separated liquid is to measure its boiling point. For example, pure water boils at 100°C. If it
contains any dissolved solids, its boiling point will be higher than this.

Desalination (or distillation) is the process used to convert salt water into pure water.

Desalination/Distillation is one of mankind's earliest forms of water treatment, and it is still a popular
treatment solution throughout the world today. In ancient times, many civilizations used this process on
their ships to convert sea water into drinking water. Today, desalination plants are used to convert sea
water to drinking water on ships and in many arid regions of the world, and to treat water in other areas
that is fouled by natural and unnatural contaminants. Distillation is perhaps the one water treatment
technology that most completely reduces the widest range of drinking water contaminants

Distillation - Separating a dissolved solid and a liquid. It is different from evaporation because both solid
(residue/salt) and the liquid (distillate/water) can be isolated.

Distillation is the process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by selective
boiling and condensation. Distillation may result in essentially complete separation (nearly pure
components), or it may be a partial separation that increases the concentration of selected components
of the mixture. In either case the process exploits differences in the volatility of the mixture's
components. In industrial chemistry, distillation is a unit operation of practically universal importance,
but it is a physical separation process and not a chemical reaction.
Distillation has many applications. For example:

Distillation of fermented products produces distilled beverages with a high alcohol content, or separates
out other fermentation products of commercial value.

Distillation is an effective and traditional method of desalination.

During the course of the distillation, the water vapor which distilled was initially at the temperature of
the solution. Suspending a thermometer above this solution will record the temperature of the escaping
vapor. As it departs from the solution, the temperature of the vapor will cool by collisions with the
surface of vessel until it reaches 100 °C. Cooling below this temperature will cause most of the vapor to
condense to a liquid. If cooling to 20 °C occurs in the condenser of a distillation apparatus, then by using
the appropriate geometry as shown in Figure 3, it would be possible to collect nearly all of the liquid. The
only vapor that would be lost to the environment would be that small amount associated with the vapor
pressure of water at 20 °C. Since the vapor pressure of water at 20 °C is roughly 2.3 kPa, then
2.3/101.325 or 0.023 would be the fraction of water that would not condense and would pass out of the
condenser. This is why the distillate is frequently chilled in an ice bath during the distillation.

We want to condense the distillate, specially if it cna be condensed in the 0° - 80°C ranges, We must
avoid loss of destillate, so we must cool the destilate before it is realeased to the atmosphere

Distillation is the oldest method used for separating mixtures of liquids. Distillation exploits the fact that
different liquids have different boiling points. When a mixture of liquids is heated, the liquid with the
lower (or lowest) boiling point vaporizes first. That vapor is routed through a condenser, which cools the
vapor and causes it to condense as a liquid; the liquid is then collected in a receiving vessel. As the
original liquid mixture continues being heated, eventually, some or all of the lower-boiling liquid is driven
off, leaving only the higher-boiling liquid or liquids in the distillation vessel.