AUTOMATIC

CENTERING MACHINE -
REPORT
 AUTOMATIC CENTERING MACHINE
A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
Mechanical Engineering
SUBMITTED BY

Gourav Sachdeva 2311662

Name of the Candidate (font: 12) Roll Number: (font: 12)
Name of the Candidate (font: 12) Roll Number: (font: 12)
Name of the Candidate (font: 12) Roll Number: (font: 12)
Name of the Candidate (font: 12) Roll Number: (font: 12)

SUBMITTED TO

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Ambala College of Engineering and Applied Research, Ambala
(Affiliated With)

Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra

December 2016
 CANDIDATE'S DECLARATION

I/We, Name of the candidate, Roll Number, hereby declare that the work which is
being presented in the project entitled, “Title of the project” in partial fulfillment of
requirement for the award of degree of B.Tech. (ME) and submitted in the Department of
Mechanical Engineering, Ambala College of Engineering and Applied Research,
Ambala, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, is an authentic record of my/our own
work carried by me under the supervision of Supervisor Name (Designation, Mechanical
Department, Ambala College of Engineering and Applied Research, Ambala).The matter
presented in this project Report has not been submitted in this or any other University /
Institute for the award of B.Tech Degree.

Signature of the Student Dated:

(Gourav Sachdeva)
2311662

Signature of the Student Dated:

(Name)
Roll Number

Signature of the Student Dated:

(Name)
Roll Number

Signature of the Student Dated:

(Name)
Roll Number
 Department of Mechanical Engineering

Ambala College of Engineering and Applied Research, Ambala

(Affiliated With)
Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra – 136119
(Established by the state legislature Act XII of 1956)
(“A” Grade, NAAC Accredited)

CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report entitled “TITLE OF THE PROJECT” is the bonafide

work of “NAME OF THE CANDIDATES (Roll No) of 7th Semester, Mechanical

Engineering, Ambala College of Engineering and Applied Research, Devsthali,

Ambala”, who carried out the project work under my supervision during August, 2016 -

November, 2016.

(Name of Supervisor) (Ashwani Verma)

Supervisor Project Coordinator
Assistant Professor Assistant Professor
ME Department, ACE ME Department, ACE

The above statement is correct to the best of our knowledge.

( ) (Dr. S.K Jain)

External Examiner Associate Professor
Head of Department
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Project work is an important aspect in the field of engineering, where contribution is
made by many persons and organizations. The present shape of this work has come forth
after contribution from different spheres.

Give acknowledgement to Guide.

Give acknowledgement to H.O.D

I would also like to thank my parents etc who helped me in my Project.

I express my sincere gratitude to Ambala College of Engineering and Applied
Research, Ambala and Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra for giving me the
opportunity to work on the Project during my final year of B.Tech.
At the end thanks to the Almighty for …………

Signature of the Student

(Gourav Sachdeva) 2311662

Signature of the Student

(Name) Roll Number

Signature of the Student

(Name) Roll Number

Signature of the Student

(Name) Roll Number

Contents
Candidate’s Declaration i
Certificate ii
Abstract iii
Acknowledgement iv
List of Figures v
List of Tables vi
Abbreviations Used vii

Chapter 1 TITLE OF THE CHAPTER 1 1-14

1.1 Title of Article 1.1 1

1.2 Title of Article 1.2 2

1.3 Title of Article 1.3 3

Chapter 2 LITERATURE SURVEY 14-24

2.1 Title of Article 2.1 14

2.2 Title of Article 2.2 15

2.2.1 Title of Article2.1.1 15

Chapter 3 TITLE OF THE CHAPTER 2 25-34

3.1 Title of Article 3.1 25

3.2 Title of Article 3.2 26

3.2.1 Title of Article 3.2.1 27

Chapter 4 TITLE OF THE CHAPTER 3 35-44

4.1 Title of Article 3.1 35

 4.2 Title of Article 4.2 35

4.2.1 Title of Article 4.2.1 36

Chapter 5 TITLE OF THE CHAPTER 4 45-55

5.1 Title of Article 5.1 45

5.2 Title of Article 5.2 45

5.2.1 Title of Article 5.2.1 50

Chapter 6 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE 56-58

6.1 Title of Article 6.1 56

6.2 Title of Article 6.2 57

REFERENCES 59-60

APPENDIX Title of the Appendix (Derivation of equation used in the

Project Report)

Note 1: The number of Chapters is just indicative. There may be more number of
Chapters in the Project but the format of the index has to be followed as given
above.

Note 2: Page numbering should be as per the given format i.e. pages from
candidates’ declaration to list of abbreviations should be in Roman and page
numbering of the Chapters should be in decimal numbers. The title pages of the
project report should NOT be numbered.
 LIST OF TABLES

Table Caption Page

No. No.
1.1 Caption of Table 1.1 3

1.2 Caption of Table 1.2 4

1.3 Caption of Table 1.3 5

2.1 Caption of Table 2.1 12

2.2 Caption of Table 2.2 13

8|Page
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Caption Page No.

No.
1.1 Caption of Figure 1.1 3

1.2 Caption of Figure 1.2 4

1.3 Caption of Figure 1.3 5

2.1 Caption of Figure 2.1 12

2.2 Caption of Figure 2.2 13

9|Page
Introduction

Control engineering has evolved overtime. In the past, humans were the main method for controlling a system. More
recently, electricity has been used for control and early electrical control was based on relays. These relays allow power
to be switched on and off without a mechanical switch. It is common to use relay to make simple logical control
decisions. The development of low cost computer has brought the most recent revolution, the Programmable Logic
Controller (PLC). The advent of the PLC began in the 1970s, and has become the most common choice for manufacturing
controls. [1]. www.final-yearproject.com PLC has been gaining popularity on the factory floor and will probably remain
predominant for some time to come. Most of this because of the advantages:-  Cost effective for controlling complex
systems  Flexible and can be reapplied to control other systems quickly and easily  Computational abilities allow more
sophisticated control  Trouble shooting aids make programminng easier and reduce downtime.  Reliaable
componnents make these likely to operate for years before failure. Control systems are an integral part of modern
society.It consists of subsystems and processes assembled for the purpose of controlling the outputs of the
processes.There are many numerous applications that using control system around us. A control system provides an
output or response for a given input or stimulus.The reason that control system was built isfor power amplification,
remote control, convenience of input form; and compensation for disturbances. Today control systems find widespread
application in the guidance, navigation, and control of missiles and spacecrafts, as well as planes and ship at sea. The
applications also throughout the process control industry, regulating liquid level tanks, chemical concentrations in vats,
as well as thickness of fabricated material.

Conveyor arrangements

Belt conveyors can be arranged in a variety of configurations to follow an infinite number of profiles.
Conveyors can be horizontal or inclined

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Machine purpose:

To move isolated loads of sufficient size with minimum friction but with very small changes of level. Optimized flow
for gain in time and/or personnel. Production, assembly, erection, packing and conditioning lines, work-station
supply, transport, handling, distribution, storage, intermediate storage, accumulation storage, sorting, order
preparation, picking, shipping, heating and cooling of elements.

Theory of operation :A roller conveyor is used for routing isolated loads (pallets, containers, boxes, cartons, others).
The rollers are driven by flat or cylindrical belts or by chains. The machine can accommodate switches. Rail and air
freight in-feed, automatic postal package sorting, hospital logistics, transport and storage of documents and files,
transfer of television sets on assembly line, routing of orders to shipping point, sorting of cartons by customer and
round, weighing and labeling station, dynamic carton stock, manual work-station, food product packaging line (deep-
frozen foods) and storage of books, handling of bags and containers, reception of pallets (docks), deep freezing by
blowing red berries and peas, automobile body conveying, preparation of orders for mail order sales. Pallet conveyor,
pressureless accumulation conveyor. Roller conveyor, roller table, heavy conveyor, light conveyor.

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Main types :- Conveyor with plastic, steel or aluminum rollers, free or motorized roller conveyor, telescopic roller
conveyor, roller conveyor for heavy loads, roller conveyor, 2-chain roller conveyor, fixed and flexible curves, taper
roller curve, inclined roller conveyor

Other typical machines or family :- Conveyor belt, belt conveyor, belt curve, chain conveyor (parallel or supporting),
telescopic roller or belt conveyor, flexible conveyor, turntable, turn-over, elevator, chain transfer, belt transfer.

Situation in environment :- Generally roller conveyors are located indoors. However, for agro-food applications, it
can operate at negative temperatures (-40°C) with high relative humidity or harsh environments (dust, corrosive
agents). Washing with a jet (or a high pressure jet) with or without detergents is a practice that imposes a specific
choice of material. Some applications call for electrostatic discharging of the conveyed parts. For a system, the
electrical cabinet is generally isolated. For an “isolated” machine, the electric equipment must be designed to allow
for the environment and if necessary for explosive atmosphere.

Associated systems :- Guides, guide strand, guide disk, link attachment, stop or buffer, stopper, pneumatic stop,
retracting lock, brake roller for mobile conveyor, flat angle foot for floor attachment, conveyor-turntable link, stepper
feed, roller or motor, disengagable, self-driven rollers, brake roller, brake plate, switch, automatic linear switch,
automatic angle switch, parallel single output grouper, pusher, selection pusher, centering pusher, pushing shoe,
pop-up, turn-over finger, bin orientation device (pivot), automatic empty bin stacker, gate, weight control unit (static
or dynamic), gauge tester, load identification (bar or magnetic code), test bench, electro-zinc finish or stainless steel
for agro-food, anti-static belt, blower, fan, air conditioner, flow control software, PC, printer.

Upstream and downstream machines :- Conveyors of all types, chain or belt transfer at 45° or 90°, transfer truck,
turntable, turntable with transfer, shuttle, turn-over, vertical, multiple level elevator, continuous vertical elevator,
elevator table, scissors elevator table, elevator platform, transfer elevator, distribution cart (with or without friction
wheel drive mechanism), wire guided cart, magazine, empty pallet magazine, transtorage, rotary storage.

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 Diagram

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Components:
30 rpm motor:

pneumatic valve :

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IR sesnsor

Pneumatic Cylinder

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