Ieee 1120-1990

IEEE Std 1120-1990
IEEE Guide to the Factors to Be

Considered in the Planning, Design, and
Installation of Submarine Power and
Communications Cables
Sponsor
Special Purpose Cable Subcommittee
of the
Insulated Conductors Committee of the
of the
IEEE Power Engineering Society
Approved September 28, 1990

IEEE Standards Board
Abstract: IEEE Std 1120-1990, IEEE Guide to the Factors to Be Considered in the Planning, Design, and
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Installation of Submarine Power and Communications Cables, provides a checklist of factors to be
considered in the planning, design, and installation of power and communications cables in a submarine
environment. It does not attempt to provide complete cable design criteria.
Keywords: submarine communications cable, submarine power cable
ISBN 1-55937-065-3
Copyright © 1990 by
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2394, USA
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the
prior written permission of the publisher.
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HeaderTitleRight (Variable) Designation (Variable)
Foreword
(This Foreword is not a part of IEEE Std 1120-1990, IEEE Guide to the Factors to Be Considered in the Planning, Design, and
Installation of Submarine Power and Communications Cables.)
This guide has been prepared in the form of a checklist, which presents the more important aspects of submarine cable
projects. As such, this guide should be particularly helpful to the design engineer who is occasionally presented with
the challenge of designing a submarine cable installation.
A checklist approach has been used because a comprehensive coverage of the wide variety of subjects and
technologies involved in a submarine cable project would fill many volumes. Once the checklist has been used to
evaluate the particular project under consideration, a search of the technical literature can then be implemented to
obtain the detailed information that is needed.
It is suggested that, given the numerous references to submarine cable, the most practical means of carrying out a
serious search of this nature is to utilize the capabilities of a computerized search-and-retrieval system. Document
searches can be originated by using the section headings in this guide as keywords.
This guide was prepared by the Submarine Cable Task Force (9–29) of the Special Purpose Cable Subcommittee of the
IEEE Power Engineering Society Insulated Conductors Committee. Task Force 9–29 had the following membership at
the time it prepared this guide:
E.M. Walton, Chair
J. Clarke J. Kitchens W. A. Thue

C. Doench D. E. Koonce W. Torok
A. Fitzpatrick J. V. McBride R. S. Turner
W. Flack J. A. Moran, Jr. S. E. Turner
O. I. Gilbertson J. A. Seminoro R. O. Wilkinson
C. V. Johnson J. T. Zimnoch
The Insulated Conductors Committee that approved this document for submission to the IEEE Standards Board had
the following membership:
T. Aabo J. R. Chalker A. W. Fidrych

K. N. Akay H. Chu S. L. Fitzhugh
P. Alex W. E. Cole A. Fitzpatrick
R. W. Allen, Jr. J. E. Conley M. A. Ford
W. O. Andersen, Jr. W. F. Constantine R. W. Foster
T. P. Arnold J. T. Corbett E. O. Forster
T. A. Balaska D. A. Costello R. D. Fulcomer
R. Bartnikas S. J. Croall J. B. Gardner
E. W. Bennett F. V. Cunningham J. J. Garland --```,,``,`,,`,`,,,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
C. W. Blades E. J. D'Aquanno A. Garshick

R. B. Blodgett S. J. Dale P. Gazzana-Priaroggia
R. R. Borowski J. M. Daly R. B. Gear
K. E. Bow R. A. Decker E. F. Geary
J. E. Bramfitt C. Doench S. M. Gilbert
C. V. Brown E. K. Duffy O. I. Gilbertson
M. D. Buckweitz J. P. Dupont A. Godoshian
P. W. Burgemeestre G. S. Eager, Jr. R. A. Guba
R. R. Burghardt R. M. Eichhorn R. Hartlein
M. D. Calcamuggio J. S. Englehardt H. C. Hervig, Jr.
J. L. Carlson R. N. Essig S. V. Heyer
Copyright © 1998 IEEE All Rights Reserved iii
Designation (Variable) HeaderTitleLeft (Variable)
R. W. Higginbottom L. B. McClung J. H. Snow

L. J. Hiivala A. R. McCulloch N. R. Spencer
R. E. Hoy E. J. McGowen N. Srinivas
W. F. Jensen, Jr. W. J. McNulty D. R. Stein
C. V. Johnson J. D. Medek J. L. Steiner
J. Jurcisin J. D. Mintz F. R. Stockum
C. Katz J. A. Moran, Jr. G. A. Straniero
F. E. Kimsey D. J. Nichols M. D. Sweat
J. Kitchens H. E. Orton W. K. Switzer
H. T. Knox J. J. Pachot J. Tanaka
F. B. Koch R. N. Pallardy F. A. Teti
S. Kozak C. D. Palmer H. D. Thomas
F. E. La Fetra N. E. Piccione W. A. Thue
C. Landinger J. J. Pickering A. C. Tingley
J. S. Lasky J. S. Pirrong D. Tomaszewski
J. H. Lawson N. R. Plant R. S. Turner
R. E. Leuch J. B. Prime, Jr. S. E. Turner
R. H. Leuteritz P. F. Pugh C. F. Von Hermann, Jr.
T. H. Ling D. W. Purnhagen J. G. Waligorski
G. Ludasi J. G. Quin S. P. Walldorf
R. Lukac G. P. Rampley E. M. Walton
G. R. Lusk R. A. Resauli V. J. Warnock
R. Luther R. B. Robertson R. H. W. Watkins
G. J. Luzzi N. M. Sacks A. C. Westrom
R. F. Mann C. J. Saldivar C. A. White
M. A. Martin, Jr. D. Sandwick R. O. Wilkinson
I. J. Marwick E. L. Sankey J. A. Williams
M. S. Mashikain J. F. Shimshock C. Woodell
S. G. Mastoras D. A. Silver J. T. Zimnoch
B. E. Smith
When the IEEE Standards Board approved this standard on September 28, 1990, it had the following membership:
Marco W. Migliaro, Chair

James M. Daly, Vice Chair
Andrew G. Salem, Secretary
Dennis Bodson Kenneth D. Hendrix Lawrence V. McCall

Paul L. Borrill John W. Horch L. Bruce McClung
Fletcher J. Buckley Joseph L. Koepfinger * Donald T. Michael *
Allen L. Clapp Irving Kolodny Stig Nilsson
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Stephen R. Dillon Michael A. Lawler Roy T. Oishi
Donald C. Fleckenstein Donald J. Loughry Gary S. Robinson
Jay Forster * John E. May, Jr. Terrance R. Whittemore
Thomas L. Hannan Donald W. Zipse
* Member Emeritus
iv Copyright © 1998 IEEE All Rights Reserved
CLAUSE PAGE
1. Scope ...................................................................................................................................................................1
2. Purpose................................................................................................................................................................1
3. Route Planning — Preliminary Engineering ......................................................................................................1
3.1 Location of Circuit End Points................................................................................................................... 1

3.2 Rights-of-way............................................................................................................................................. 1
3.3 Rights-of-way Environment....................................................................................................................... 2
3.4 Permitting and Coordination Requirements............................................................................................... 4
4. Cable Design Parameters ....................................................................................................................................4
4.1 Electrical .................................................................................................................................................... 4

4.2 Reliability/Availability............................................................................................................................... 4
4.3 Cable Type Considerations — Power ........................................................................................................ 5
4.4 Communications Cables ............................................................................................................................ 5
4.5 Cable Design Considerations ..................................................................................................................... 6
5. Trench Design .....................................................................................................................................................9
5.1 Thermal Resistivity and Stability of Soil ................................................................................................... 9

5.2 Thermal Resistivity and Stability of Backfill Material .............................................................................. 9
5.3 Required Trench Depth and Width ............................................................................................................ 9
5.4 Excavated Material .................................................................................................................................... 9
5.5 Types of Subsoil Material .......................................................................................................................... 9
5.6 Solid Rock Bed — No Trench Design Consideration (lay on surface and install protective cover)....... 10
5.7 Mechanical Protection (e.g., wood planks, concrete cover, etc.)............................................................. 10
6. Cable System Installation Considerations.........................................................................................................10
6.1 Construction Timing ................................................................................................................................ 10

6.2 Installation Techniques (see 5.5 for types of subsoil materials) .............................................................. 10
6.3 Cable Laying Equipment ......................................................................................................................... 10
6.4 System Grounds ....................................................................................................................................... 12
6.5 Underwater Inspection (submarine, remote controlled submersible, divers, etc.)................................... 12
7. Examples of Public Agencies That May Need to Be Notified..........................................................................12
7.1 US Corps of Engineers............................................................................................................................. 12

7.2 US Coast Guard ....................................................................................................................................... 12
7.3 US Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife ......................................................................................... 12
7.4 US Department of Interior, National Park Service .................................................................................. 12
7.5 Environmental Protection Agency ........................................................................................................... 12
7.6 Local and State Governing Authorities.................................................................................................... 12
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8. Resource Organizations ....................................................................................................................................12
8.1 IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society, New York, NY, USA..................................................................... 12

8.2 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., New York, NY, USA ................................. 12
8.3 The Institution of Electrical Engineers, London, England....................................................................... 13
8.4 International Conference on Large High Voltage Electric Systems (CIGRE), Paris, France.................. 13
CLAUSE PAGE
8.5 Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Washington, DC, USA ........................................................... 13
8.6 Naval Ship Research and Development Laboratory, Annapolis, MD, USA ........................................... 13
8.7 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Conference (OTEC) — Department of Energy,
Ocean System Branch, Washington, DC, USA ....................................................................................... 13
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vi
IEEE Guide to the Factors to Be
Considered in the Planning, Design, and
Installation of Submarine Power and
Communications Cables
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1. Scope
This Guide presents a list of factors relating to power and communications cables installed in a submarine environment
including the shore ends of such cables. While many of the considerations listed in this guide are common to both
power and communications cables, this document focuses on submarine power cables. This guide does not purport to
cover such special requirements of communications cables as repeaters, etc.
2. Purpose
The purpose of this guide is to list or describe many of the factors that should be considered in the planning, design,
and installation of submarine cable systems in a safe and environmentally acceptable manner. The listings in this guide
are intended to be comprehensive. The omission of any factor, however, does not imply that it need not be considered
under certain circumstances.
3. Route Planning — Preliminary Engineering
3.1 Location of Circuit End Points
3.2 Rights-of-way
3.2.1 Land section availability
3.2.2 Water section availability
3.2.3 Land/water interface availability
3.2.4 Width requirements during construction
Copyright © 1998 IEEE All Rights Reserved 1
IEEE Std 1120-1990 GUIDE TO FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN PLANNING, DESIGN, AND
3.2.5 Width requirements during repair
3.3 Rights-of-way Environment
3.3.1 Land section
3.3.1.1 Existing/proposed municipal or utility oriented services
3.3.1.2 Existing/proposed facilities impacting route selection
3.3.1.3 Potential environmental impact resulting from construction/operation of proposed circuit
3.3.1.4 Potential environmental impediments to installation (e.g., change in elevation, rock

excavation)
3.3.1.5 Length of route
3.3.2 Water section
3.3.2.1 Route bathymetry
3.3.2.2 Bottom morphology
1) Subsoil materials
2) Subsoil stability
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3) Subsoil displacement — normal and storm
4) Subsoil composition and organic content
5) Turbidity currents — chemical analysis
6) Slow moving sediment transport
7) Subsoil contamination
8) Environmental impact on marine life
3.3.2.3 Present/future marine activities within considered zone, including, but not limited to
1) Dredging activities
2) Future widening of channel
3) Anchorage
4) Fishing — Naval activity
5) Marine shipping or traffic — size, speed, wave action
6) Blocking of navigable waters during construction and repair
7) Restricted area
8) Other utilities
3.3.2.4 Marine environment
1) Water current profile — surface and bottom

2) Water temperature profile — surface and bottom
3) Tide related currents
4) Seasonal changes — current and temperature
5) Wave swell spectrum
6) Hundred-year storm exposure
7) Seismic or other related activity
8) Marine borers, etc.
2 Copyright © 1998 IEEE All Rights Reserved
INSTALLATION OF SUBMARINE POWER AND COMMUNICATIONS CABLES IEEE Std 1120-1990
3.3.3 Ice conditions
3.3.3.1 Iceberg hazards
3.3.3.2 Shore ice conditions
3.3.3.3 Ice jams and pounding due to jams and tidal action
3.3.4 Land/Water interface
3.3.4.1 Present/future activity within considered zone
1) Dredging
2) Commercial/private construction
3) Landfill
3.3.4.2 Marine environment
1) Tidal effects
2) Hundred-year storm exposure
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3.3.4.3 Commercial/private activities within interface zone
3.3.4.4 Potential environmental impact resulting from construction/operation of proposed circuit
3.3.5 Seasonal conditions
3.3.5.1 Weather windows for suitable conditions
3.3.5.2 Seasonal construction work constraints
3.3.6 Emergency plans
3.3.6.1 Plans should include possible on-site changes in location during installation
3.3.6.2 Plans should include installation and operation oil/fluid spill possibilities, and methods to
mitigate if necessary
3.4 Permitting and Coordination Requirements
3.4.1 National
3.4.2 State
3.4.3 Local
3.4.4 Joint use with other utilities
3.4.5 Planning commissions

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4. Cable Design Parameters
4.1 Electrical
4.1.1 Power requirement — mVA/mW
4.1.2 Rated and maximum voltage, BIL and switching surge withstand — kV
4.1.3 Voltage type — ac/dc
4.1.4 Soil thermal resistivity — °C-cm/W (land and water sections)
4.1.5 Ambient temperature — °C (winter or summer, land and water sections)
4.1.6 Burial depth — ft (m)
4.1.7 Circuit/cable spacing — ft (m)
4.1.8 Short circuit requirements
4.1.9 Communication system characteristics
4.1.10 Daily load factor
4.1.11 Soil thermal stability (land and water sections)
4.1.12 Cable length for optimum voltage
4.1.13 Ampacity limitations on load and riser poles
4.1.14 Interference with ships' compasses
4.2 Reliability/Availability
4.2.1 Maximum allowable mVA/mW loss on first and second contingencies
4.2.2 Expected/allowable outage durations
4.2.3 Seasonal repair constraints
4.2.4 System configuration alternatives - ac systems
4.2.4.1 Single vs. double circuit
4.2.4.2 Number of conductors per circuit
4.2.4.3 Multiconductor cable (two 3/C vs. four 1/C, etc.)

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4.2.4.4 Spacing between conductors/circuits
4.2.5 System configuration alternatives — dc systems
4.2.5.1 Number of conductors per pole
4.2.5.2 Number of poles
4.2.5.3 Metallic ground return as spare
4.2.5.4 Bipolar/unipolar emergency configuration/rating
4.2.6 Provisions to locate, lift, and repair cable
4.2.7 Fault location — procedures, techniques, equipment, personnel
4.3 Cable Type Considerations — Power
4.3.1 Self-contained — fluid-filled or gas-filled
4.3.2 Solid paper — lead
4.3.3 High-pressure pipe-type, fluid or gas-filled
4.3.4 Extruded dielectric
4.3.5 Communication system
4.3.5.1 Hardwire
4.3.5.2 Fiber optics
4.3.6 Oil impregnated gas pressurized
4.3.7 Others
4.4 Communications Cables
4.4.1 Consider use of fiber optic, hardwire, or composite
4.4.2 Type of transmission
4.4.2.1 Video
4.4.2.2 Voice
4.4.2.3 Data
4.4.3 General requirements
4.4.3.1 Mechanical
1) Internal reinforcement
2) Blocking design
3) Outer armor
4) Jackets
5) Sheaths
6) Cathodic protection
7) Flexibility
8) Diameter limitations and tolerances
4.4.3.2 Electrical — hardwire (usually copper)
1) Gauge size
2) Pairs/singles and count and spares
3) Pair shields vs. overall shield
4) Lay length
5) Insulation system — Foam PE or PPE; Solid PE, PPE, or combination
6) Any coaxial elements — Attenuation vs. frequency
7) Capacitance
8) Crosstalk vs. frequency
9) Characteristic impedence vs. frequency
10) Tolerances
4.4.3.3 Electrical — fiber optic
1) Core sizes — Single or multi-mode

2) Buffer diameter
3) Core count and spares
4) Cable assembly data
5) Attenuation vs. frequency
6) Error rate vs. bit rate
4.5 Cable Design Considerations
4.5.1 All cable systems, basic cable design
4.5.1.1 Conductor material and construction
4.5.1.2 Allowable electrical stress
4.5.1.3 Properties of insulation/oils

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4.5.1.4 Sheath materials
4.5.1.5 Bedding design
4.5.1.6 Armor design — single vs. double layer, round wire, flat, stress, pitch, lay (same or opposite
for double armor), jacketed or unjacketed, magnetic or non-magnetic
4.5.1.7 Corrosion protection — coating, anodes, rectifiers

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4.5.1.8 Mechanical protection from marine life
4.5.1.9 Splice points — factory or field
4.5.1.10 Splice design — on ship, platform repair
4.5.1.11 Continuous cable run — no field splices
4.5.1.12 Emergency flexible splice design
4.5.1.13 Cable weight in water — negative buoyancy
4.5.1.14 Cable position stability in presence of cross currents
4.5.1.15 Pressurized system design
1) Dielectric fluid viscosity, density, etc.

2) Normal and emergency fluid feeding options
3) Location and capacity of pressurizing plants
4.5.1.16 Joint power, control, and communications in common envelope
4.5.1.17 Laying tension in view of cable profile
4.5.1.18 Tension sharing between armor and core
4.5.2 High-pressure pipe-type cable system
4.5.2.1 Specific gravity of coated, empty pipe — negative buoyancy
4.5.2.2 Allowable pulling tensions — The pipe “snakes” in the trench. This must considered when
calculating the pulling tensions and sidewall bearing pressures
4.5.2.3 Increase in fluid pressure due to hydrostatic head
4.5.2.4 Number of pipes/spare pipes
4.5.2.5 Force cooling — present and future
1) Pipe sizes
2) Number of pipes
3) Fluid type
4.5.2.6 Pipe size, wall thickness and type of material
4.5.2.7 Interior pipe coating
4.5.2.8 Exterior pipe coating
4.5.2.9 Exterior coating protection or weighting
4.5.2.10 Cathodic protection system
4.5.2.11 Maximum section lengths
4.5.2.12 Field splice design
4.5.3 Self-contained fluid-filled cable system
4.5.3.1 Armor
4.5.3.2 Anti-twist feature
4.5.3.3 Sheath bonding, sheath and armor bonding, open circuit, etc
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4.5.3.4 Changes in fluid pressure from hydrostatic head and temperature
4.5.3.5 Sheath reinforcement
1) Metallic
2) Non-metallic
3) Resistance to sea life
4.5.3.6 Fluid supply system — normal and fault
4.5.3.7 Continuous length
4.5.3.8 Factory splice design
4.5.3.10 Field splice design — initial or repair
4.5.3.11 Tension sharing
4.5.4 Extruded dielectric cable system
4.5.4.1 Armor
4.5.4.2 Anti-twist feature
4.5.4.3 Sheath voltage
4.5.4.4 Blocked strands
4.5.4.5 Moisture impervious design
4.5.4.6 Continuous length
4.5.4.7 Factory splice design
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4.5.4.8 Field splice design
4.5.4.10 Tension sharing
4.5.5 Communications cable
4.5.5.1 Repeater locations
4.5.5.2 Fiber optics vs. hardwire
4.5.5.3 Communication circuit in power cable
5. Trench Design
5.1 Thermal Resistivity and Stability of Soil
5.2 Thermal Resistivity and Stability of Backfill Material
5.3 Required Trench Depth and Width
5.4 Excavated Material
5.4.1 Temporary storing of subsoil for reuse
5.4.1.1 Shore
5.4.1.2 Underwater — adjacent to trench
5.4.1.3 Permits
5.4.2 Complete removal and disposal of subsoil
5.5 Types of Subsoil Material
5.5.1 Type 1 Material — Fine-grained sediments with low cohesion (e.g., sand, soft mud)
5.5.2 Type 2 Material — Fine-grained sediments with high cohesion (e.g., stiff clay, permafrost)
5.5.3 Type 3 Material — Very coarse sediments (e.g., glacial till, coarse river gravels)
5.5.4 Type 4 Material — Rocks with low to medium strengths (e.g., coral, chalk, weak limestones,
sandstones)
5.5.5 Type 5 Material — Rocks with high strength (e.g., sound granite, basalt, quartz, very strong
limestone)
5.6 Solid Rock Bed — No Trench Design Consideration (lay on surface and install
protective cover)
5.7 Mechanical Protection (e.g., wood planks, concrete cover, etc.)
6. Cable System Installation Considerations
6.1 Construction Timing
6.1.1 Weather
6.1.2 Environmental considerations
6.1.3 Marine traffic
6.1.4 Tides/currents
6.1.5 Cable splicing time
6.2 Installation Techniques (see 5.5 for types of subsoil materials)
6.2.1 Type 1 Material — High pressure water jet excavation, bucket or suction dredges, vibratory
plows, embedment equipment, or other
6.2.2 Type 2 Material — Cutterhead dredges, ladder dredges, high force plows, vibratory plows,
embedment equipment, or other
6.2.3 Type 3 Material — Dredges of special types for coarse sediments
6.2.4 Type 4 Material — Milling drums, chain saws or other rock cutting machines, shaped charges,
bangalore torpedoes, or drilling and blasting
6.2.5 Type 5 Material — Drilling and blasting
6.3 Cable Laying Equipment
6.3.1 Selection of marine equipment (vessels)
6.3.1.1 Size
6.3.1.2 Shape
6.3.1.3 Draft
6.3.1.4 Propulsion system — on-board or tugs
6.3.1.5 Space — weight limitations
6.3.1.6 Dynamic response characteristics
10 --```,,``,`,,`,`,,,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Copyright © 1998 IEEE All Rights Reserved
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6.3.1.7 Availability for installation and repair
6.3.1.8 Laying vessel equipment layout
6.3.1.9 Anchoring
6.3.1.10 Uncoiling facilities
6.3.2 Type of navigation/communication system
6.3.2.1 Required bottom position accuracy
6.3.2.2 Availability of land based stations
6.3.2.3 Length of cable run
6.3.2.4 Available communication frequencies
6.3.2.5 Navigation system — primary and secondary
6.3.3 Cable laying inspection equipment
6.3.3.1 As-built survey
6.3.4 Cable handling equipment/controls
6.3.4.1 Dockage transfer and support facilities
6.3.4.2 Turntable or crib requirements
6.3.4.3 Minimum diameter of overboarding sheave
6.3.4.4 Type of tensioner — linear/capstan
6.3.4.5 Remote vehicle requirements
6.3.4.6 Anti-twist requirements
6.3.4.7 Uncoiling facilities
6.3.4.8 Pressure maintenance (when applicable)
6.3.5 Underwater trenching/plowing device
6.3.5.1 Depth limitation
6.3.5.2 Soil disturbance
6.3.5.3 Monitoring equipment
6.3.6 Cable laying on bottom
6.3.6.1 Density of wet bottom material
6.3.6.2 Weight of cable
6.3.6.3 Anchoring vs. lifting forces
6.4 System Grounds
6.4.1 Location of electrodes for ground or sea return currents for dc systems
6.4.2 Ground return line between converter-ground and electrode
6.5 Underwater Inspection (submarine, remote controlled submersible, divers, etc.)
7. Examples of Public Agencies That May Need to Be Notified
This list covers many of the agencies that may need to be contacted in the United States. Other countries may have
similar agencies that require contact or notification.
7.1 US Corps of Engineers
7.2 US Coast Guard
7.3 US Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife
7.4 US Department of Interior, National Park Service
7.5 Environmental Protection Agency
7.6 Local and State Governing Authorities
7.6.1 Utilities commission
7.6.2 Local marine commission
7.6.3 State legislature/commission
7.6.4 Water quality commission
8. Resource Organizations
This guide does not attempt to provide complete design criteria. Additional information can be obtained from
organizations such as the following:
8.1 IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society, New York, NY, USA

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8.2 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., New York, NY, USA
8.3 The Institution of Electrical Engineers, London, England
8.4 International Conference on Large High Voltage Electric Systems (CIGRE), Paris,
France
8.5 Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Washington, DC, USA
8.6 Naval Ship Research and Development Laboratory, Annapolis, MD, USA
8.7 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Conference (OTEC) — Department of Energy,

Ocean System Branch, Washington, DC, USA
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Ieee 1120-1990

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IEEE Std 1120-1990

IEEE Guide to the Factors to Be

Approved September 28, 1990

Comments on standards and requests for interpretations should be addressed to:

Secretary, IEEE Standards Board

E.M. Walton, Chair

J. Clarke J. Kitchens W. A. Thue

T. Aabo J. R. Chalker A. W. Fidrych

C. W. Blades E. J. D'Aquanno A. Garshick

Copyright © 1998 IEEE All Rights Reserved iii

R. W. Higginbottom L. B. McClung J. H. Snow

Marco W. Migliaro, Chair

Dennis Bodson Kenneth D. Hendrix Lawrence V. McCall

iv Copyright © 1998 IEEE All Rights Reserved

3. Route Planning — Preliminary Engineering ......................................................................................................1

3.1 Location of Circuit End Points................................................................................................................... 1

4. Cable Design Parameters ....................................................................................................................................4

4.1 Electrical .................................................................................................................................................... 4

5. Trench Design .....................................................................................................................................................9

5.1 Thermal Resistivity and Stability of Soil ................................................................................................... 9

6. Cable System Installation Considerations.........................................................................................................10

6.1 Construction Timing ................................................................................................................................ 10

7. Examples of Public Agencies That May Need to Be Notified..........................................................................12

7.1 US Corps of Engineers............................................................................................................................. 12

8. Resource Organizations ....................................................................................................................................12

8.1 IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society, New York, NY, USA..................................................................... 12

3. Route Planning — Preliminary Engineering

3.1 Location of Circuit End Points

3.2.1 Land section availability

3.2.2 Water section availability

3.2.3 Land/water interface availability

3.2.4 Width requirements during construction

Copyright © 1998 IEEE All Rights Reserved 1

3.2.5 Width requirements during repair

3.3 Rights-of-way Environment

3.3.1 Land section

3.3.1.1 Existing/proposed municipal or utility oriented services

3.3.1.2 Existing/proposed facilities impacting route selection

3.3.1.3 Potential environmental impact resulting from construction/operation of proposed circuit

3.3.1.4 Potential environmental impediments to installation (e.g., change in elevation, rock

3.3.1.5 Length of route

3.3.2 Water section

3.3.2.1 Route bathymetry

3.3.2.2 Bottom morphology

3.3.2.4 Marine environment

1) Water current profile — surface and bottom

2 Copyright © 1998 IEEE All Rights Reserved

3.3.3 Ice conditions

3.3.3.1 Iceberg hazards

3.3.3.2 Shore ice conditions

3.3.4 Land/Water interface

3.3.4.1 Present/future activity within considered zone

3.3.4.2 Marine environment

3.3.4.4 Potential environmental impact resulting from construction/operation of proposed circuit

3.3.5 Seasonal conditions

3.3.5.1 Weather windows for suitable conditions

3.3.5.2 Seasonal construction work constraints

3.3.6 Emergency plans

Copyright © 1998 IEEE All Rights Reserved 3

3.4 Permitting and Coordination Requirements

3.4.4 Joint use with other utilities

3.4.5 Planning commissions

4. Cable Design Parameters