PEPERIKSAAN 3, 2018
FORM 5
Section A
Answer all questions in this section.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in the question paper.
Diagram 1.1
(a) (i) Name the phase P.
[1 mark]
Interphase
Diagram 1.2
B : Prophase D: Anaphase
2. Diagram 2 shows the mechanism of enzyme action in which an enzyme-controlled reaction may proceed.
Diagram 2
(i) The hypothesis which explains the mechanism of enzyme action shown
[1 mark]
The ‘lock and key’ hypothesis
(c) Which organelle in the cells is responsible for the synthesis of enzymes?
[1 mark]
Ribosome
(i) Explain how an increase in temperature may raise the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction.
[2 marks]
P1: As the temperature increases, the substrate molecules move faster.
P2: Collisions between the substrate and enzyme molecules occur more frequently
P3: causes the chances of the substrate molecules coming into contact with the active site of the enzyme increases.
(iii) State one factor, other than temperature, which can alter the nature of the part of the enzyme labelled Q.
[1 mark]
pH / substrate / enzyme concentration
(a) Tick ( ) the two correct statements about diffusion in the boxes provided in Table 1.
Molecules move diffuse from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
Molecules spread out randomly.
Molecules diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Molecules stay where they are.
[2 marks]
(b) Osmosis is a special type of diffusion. The diagram shows red blood cells in different solutions.
(i) Draw an arrow ( ) on each diagram to show the direction of the water molecules.
[2 marks]
(ii) State the conditions of the red blood cells after being immersed in each solution.
Diagram 3.1
(i) Which diagram represents a fully plasmolysed cell?
[1 mark]
Q
(d) Diagram 3.2 shows two different types of transport processes across the plasma membrane.
Diagram 4.0
(a) Draw a diagram with labelled of the embryo sac and its contents in the space provided.
[3 marks]
(b) The pollen grain contains two nuclei. Name and state the function of both nuclei.
[2 marks]
P1: Generative nucleus and tube nucleus
P2: Generative nucleus divides by mitosis to form two male gamete nuclei
P3: Tube nucleus forms the pollen tube and leads the two male gamete nuclei to the embryo sac
P4: Its penetrates the ovule through the micropyle. The tube nucleus disintegrates and the tip of the tube bursts,
leaving a passage for the male nuclei to enter the embryo sac.
(c) Describe the process that takes place when the pollen tube penetrates the ovule through the micropyle.
[2 marks]
P1: One male gamete nucleus fuse with the egg nucleus, forming a diploid zygote (2n)
P2: The other male gamete nucleus fuses with the two polar nuclei, forming a triploid nucleus (3n)
P3: Double ferilisation occurs within the ovule. The union of two male gamete nuclei with different nuclei of the embryo
sac.
Diagram 4.1
Diagram 4.2
5. Diagram 5.1 shows the level of antibodies in the blood of an individual after receiving two injections.
Diagram 5.1
(a) (i) Name type of the immunity shown in the graph. Explain your answer.
[2 marks]
P1: Artificially acquired passive immunity
P2: The concentration of antibodies in the blood increases immediately above the immunity level after the
injection given.
P3: The amount of antibodies in the blood does not last long.
Diagram 5.2
Explain how the xylem vessel is adapted to carry out its function.
[2 marks]
P1: Elongated cells arranged end to end
P2: The end wall of the xylem vessels are open so that the cells join end to end
P3: to form a continuos hollow tube
P4: this arrangement allows water to flow upwards continuosly from one cell to the next
(c) Diagram 5.3 shows the blood circulatory systems of two organisms, P and Q.
Diagram 5.3
(ii) State one similar characteristic between the blood circulatory system of organism P and Q.
[2 marks]
Both are closed circulatory system which means the blood flow within the heart and blood vessels / blood is pumped
into blood vessels.
(iii) Organism P has two ventricles while organism Q has one ventricle. What are the advantages of
having two ventricles?
[2 marks]
P1: Having two ventricles allow oxygenated blood to be separated from deoxygenated blood.
P2: This ensures an efficient and rapid delivery of highly oxygenated blood to the tissues of the body
P3: and the flow of deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be oxygenated
Section B
Answer any two questions from this section.
[40 marks]
6. (a) The regulatory mechanism in plants is not as complex as that of animals. Explain why.
[4 marks]
Most plant cells are dead at maturity and do not carry out any chemical reactions. [1]
Also, plant cells are not bathed in fluids but surrounded by air. [1]
In a hypotonic environment, plant cells do not swell and burst because they have cell walls. [1]
The water movement in plants is aided by natural factors such as transpirational pull. (That is why plants do not
need a complex regulatory system like animals). [1]
Diagram 6.1 (a) shows cells found on the lining of the trachea and Diagram 6.1 (b) shows vascular tissue
found in a plant.
(a) (b)
Diagram 6.1
(b) In what ways are the cells in Diagram 6.1 (a) and Diagram 6.1 (b) different from a typical animal cell and a
plant cell respectively?
[6 marks]
Unlike a typical animal cell, the epithelial cells Diagram 6.1 (a) lining the trachea are elongated cells with hair-
like projections called cilia. [2]
These cells secrete mucus which traps dust particles while the cilia sweep the impurities away from the lungs. [1]
The cells in Diagram 6.1 (b) are xylem vessels. [1]
Unlike a typical plant cell, xylem vessels are dead cells which do not contain cytoplasm and organelles. [1]
In the centre of these cells are long, hollow cavities which allow water and minerals to flow through easily. [1]
Explain these statements by referring to the cross section of the skin in Diagram 7.2
[10 marks]
The skin is made up of many types of tissues, each performing different functions.
The epidermis is the outer layer of the skin.
It is made up of many types of tissues, each performing different functions.
The epidermis is the outer layer of the skin.
It is made up of epithelial tissue which forms a protective barrier against infections, mechanical injuries and
dehydration. [2]
The dermis comprises the following tissues:
Connective tissue such as elastic fibres and collagen fibres which give elasticity to the skin [1]
Blood capillaries which supply blood to the skin, and lymphatic vessels which collect extracellular fluid within
the dermis.[2]
Varoius nerve endings which are scattered thrughout the dermis and epidermis. They act as receptors of
pressure, changes in temperature, touch and pain. [1]
Specialised epithelial cells in the skin form glands such as hair follicles which produce hair; sweat glands
which secrete sebum, an oily substance that lubricates the hair and the skin.[3]
Smooth muscles (hair erector muscles) which are attached to the hair follicles and when they contract cause the
hairs to stand erect. [1]
7. (a) Plants live in various types of habitats. Diagram 7.1 shows the different types of tissues found in the stems of
plants that live in two different habitats.
Diagram 7.1
Diagram 7.2
Explain how the skeletal system of the fish is adapted for its movement.
[10 marks]
Diagram 8.1
Diagram 8.2
Discuss the similarities and differences in the formation of both pairs of twins.
[5 marks]
Twins P are Siamese twins while twins Q are identical twins. [1]
Similarities:
One ovum is fertilised by one sperm to form one zygote. The zygote then divides to form two separate embryos.
[1]
Both types of twins share the same genetic constitution. [1]
Both types of twin are of the same sex, either both are males or both are females. [1]
Differences:
Identical twins develop from embryos which are completely separated during embryonic development whereas in
siamese twins are identical twins which are not separated completely during embryonic development. [1]
Diagram 8.3
Desribe the changes in the stem that result in the formation of secondary tissues.
[10 marks]
Secondary growth begins when the vascular cambium (the parenchyma cells between the vascular bundles)
begins to divide actively. [1]
As a results of this division, the vascular bundles join up into a complete ring. [1]
Then the cells of the cambium ring divide, forming secondary xylem on the inside of the vascular cambium. [1]
Secondary phloem is formed on the outside of the ring. [1]
Smaller cells in the ring form the medullary rays, connecting the cortex with the pith. [1]
As secondary growth continues over the years, layer upon layer of secondary xylem accumulates, producing
wood. [1]
Wood consists of tracheids, xylem vessels and fibres. [1]
These cells have thick lignified walls that make wood hard and strong. [1]
The cork cambium beneath the epidermis divides actively to form the outer cork and the inner secondary
cortex. [1]
The external cork layer forms a protective bark on the surface of the woody stems. [1]
9. (a) Table 1 shows the concentration of glucose and urea in the renal artery and renal vein.
Table 1
Both substances are present in the lower concentrations in the renal vein than in the renal artery. However,
urea appears in the urine of a healthy individual but glucose does not. Explain why.
[10 marks]
As blood enters the glomerulus through renal artery, ultrafiltration takes place.[1]
The high hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus forces the fluid into the capsular space. [1]
The glomerular filtrate contains urea and glucose. [1]
In a healthy individual, all glucose molecules are reabsorbed into the blood capillaries at the proximal convoluted
tubule. [1]
Therefore, the urine of a healthy person does not contain glucose. [1]
Since glucose is filtered initially at the glomerulus, its concentration is lower in the renal vein than in the renal
artery.[2]
Urea is secreted into the renal tubule at the distal convoluted tubule.[1]
Urea is finally eliminated in the urine through the collecting duct.
The renal vein carries away filtered blood that has a lower content of urea.[1]
Diagram 9.1
Diagram 9.2
The sensory receptors in the skin detect the stimulus (pain from a sharp pin). [1]
Nerve impulses are generated and transmitted along the afferent neurone to the interneurone in the spinal cord.
[1]
The nerve impulses are transmitted from the interneurone to the efferent neurone. [1]
The efferent neurone transmits nerve impulses to an effector (the muscle). The muscle contracts to pull the finger
away from the pin. [1]
The coordinating system that governs the reflex action in Diagram 9.1 is the nervous system whereas the
coordinating system that governs the regulation of the blood glucose level is the endocrine system. [1]
The nervous system conveys electrical signals in the form of nerve impulses whereas the endocrine system
conveys chemical signal in the form of hormones. [1]
Nerve impulses are conducted via the neurones while hormones are conveyed via the bloodstream. [1]
Nerve impulses are transmitted rapidly while hormones are transmitted slowly. [1]
Nerve impulses are carried between specific locations whereas hormones are carried from one source to many
destinations. [1]
The effects of the nerve impulses are short-lived whereas the effects of hormones are long-lasting. [1]