THE IMPACT OF WASHING ON THE EFICACY OF (DELTAMETHRIN) “LONG LASTING IMPREGNATED BED NEY” IN THE LABORATORY* Pengaruh Pencucian Terhadap Efikasi Kelambu Berinsektisida (Deltamethrin) "Long Lasting Impregnated Bed Net” Di Laboratorium Damar Tri Boewono**, Widiarti**, Arif B*** Abstract. A study was conducted to evaluate the impact of washing on the decrease it the effectiveness of the Long Lasting impregnated Bed Net = IBN (deltanethrin) at a dosage of 55 mg/m’ on pokyester 100%. The study was conducted by bioassay test on a sample 20 x 20 omé (untreated mosquito net, in the laboratory) of the IBN (deltamethin) and a control bed net (20°x 20 em’); using melaria veetors Anopheles ‘maculatus and Anopheles aconitus. The bioassay test was conducted every day (4 replicates) with 10-15 mosquitoes/cone. The test was conducted until a mortality of 70% was reached. The exposure time was 3 minutes (recording knockdown mcsquitoes), holding fer 24 hours and counting the dead mosquitoes after 24 hours. Before the next bioassay test, the bed net sample was washed 3 times using 3 gram solid¢hard Soap, and shaken on a shaker Results show that the residual effect of the IBN decrease slowly after washing which has lost its effectiveness after 45 washings (Mortality <'70%), INTRODUCTION Malaria is a serious community problem in Indonesia. Beside that, the malaria control program was facing very complex problems. Various malaria control methods have been applied through the community such as drug administration as well as vector control performed. Insecticide impregnated bed net (insecticide used belong to pyrethroid group) as one of vector control method which has been reported in some tropical countries, could reduce the malaria cases, Result of some studies which were conducted in Affica, revealed that using impregnated bed nets (IBNs), effective to reduce the malaria cases. The study was conducted in some countries such as: Burkina Faso (Camevale, P. ef al, 1988), Cameroon (Desfontaine, M. ef. al, 1998), Gambia (Alonso, P, L. ef. al, 1998; D'Alessandro, U. et, al, 1995; Cham, M. K. et. al, 1997), Kenya (Snow R. W. ef. al, 1995; Neil, C. G. et. al, 1995) and Ghana (Binks, F. ef, al, 1996). Using impregnated bed nets is an important reducing the efficacy of long. lasting impregnated bed nets. MATERIAL AND METHOD Location of the study Laboratory of Vector and Reservoir Control Research Unit, Salatiga Time of the Study June- July 2003 Materials Sample Impregnated Bed Net(IBN) size: 20X20 Cm2 (5 Units) Insecticide : Deltamethrin Dosage 35 mynd Material Polyester (100%) CAS Reg. No, : 52918-63-5 Tested mosquito : Anopheles aconitus and Anopheles maculatus Glucose solution 10% Catton and towel Plastic cups uber band Unimpregnated insecticide mosquito net (untreated/control) method to protect the community fram Equipments malaria transmission. This method was _Aspirator (stight and bent) developed 9s strategic program in malaria Plastic cones (WHO standard) control (WHO, 1992). The aim of this study _Acrilic Panel (30X30 Cm) with 4 holes is to identify the washing effect of IBNs in Stand of Acrilic panel Timer * -Makalah dipresentasikan pada peringatan Hari N yamuk ke III di UGM, Yogyakarta 351 tanggal 20-8 - 2003 “Perusahaan Insektisida Balai Penelitian Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit, 1. Hasenudin 173 PO Box 200, SalatigaJumal Exelogi Kesehatan Vol 4 No 2, Desember 2005 : 35 Tested mosquito Anopheles aconitus and An. maculatus, the malaria vectors in the hill areas and terrace rice fields. Both species were collected from the malaria endemic areas in Purworgjo and Banjarnegara districts, cultured in the laboratory of VRCRU, before tested Method Bioassay test (biological test) was conducted ‘on impregnated bed nets (IBNs). The net sample (20X20 cm*) was taken from each side of the mosquito nets. Bioassay test was conducted using plastic cones (WHO standard), with 4 replicates, A total of 10-15 mosquitoes were placed in each cone, for 3 minutes exposure. Number of knocked down mosquitoes were collected, counted and removed to the clean (no insecticide contamination) plastic cups and provide with cotton wet sugar cane (10%) at the top of the plastic cups. ‘The mortality of tested mosquitoes was counted for 24 hours after the exposure. Tested mosquitoes were selected and counted for biological conditions such as: functionally dead, means that the mosquitoes were still alive but could not do any biological function due to its handicapped and also the mumber of mosquitoes which were totally dead The same test was also conducted for untreated control mosquito net. After once tested, both of the mosquito nets Gmpregnated and control) were washed G times), drying up in the shaded place, wrapped with aluminum foil and kept for the next testing A relative temperature and humidity during the testing period, was measured and reported. Furthermore, a correction was done to the dead mosquito (if mortality of tested ‘mosquitoes in control of $-20%), using the ‘Abbot formula @-O AI= x 100% (100 - C) AL average mortality of tested mosquito after the correction (%) ‘A =average mortality of tested mosquito in the treated nets (2%) C= average mortality tested mosquito in the untreated contzol nets (%) (WHO, 1978) Nets Washing Methods Each net was put in the bottle (capacity =1 liter water) filled with 500 ml water added with 3 grams of compact washing soap (commonly used by villagers and are easily found in shops). The bottles are constantly shaken using the shaker machine for 20 minutes sinsing 3 times and dried up naturally each washed for 3 times was before next test and dried up naturally. In addition, after the drying up process, everything has to bbe rewashed up to 3 times, and again 19 be dried up using room temperature. Each of the dry nets sample has to be wrapped and kept in the aluminum foil under the room temperature, for the siext day's bioassay test. 382 Efficacy Criteria IBN’s (deltamethrin) is considered to be effective in the mortality tested mosquito of 2 70% (WHO, 1982) RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ‘The result of bioassay test study in relation to the efficacy and residue of IBN’s (deltamethrin) against malaria vectors (An. aconitus and An. Maculatus) are revealed in Table | and 2 The exposure period of IBN’s (deltamethrin) test_was 3 minutes (with faster contact compared to WHO standard, 1982, which is30 and 60 minutes). It was done to quicken the test's process in order to get IBN Impact of Washing (Damar ea) (deltamethrin) efficacy and residue in relation with washing frequency. Tabel 1. Results of long lasting IBN’s (deltamethrin) bioassay, against malaria vector Anopheles aconitus (laboratory colony) Numbers and Mosqitoes’ Percentag Washing ‘Treatment Control Frequency “Tested | Knocked down | Deaths (%) | Test | Deaths Mosquitoes (%) * ” (%) 0 253 95.7 100.0 50 00 3 251 97.2 100.0 49 0.0 6 230 96.0 100.0 50. 0.0 9 238 94.1 100.0 51 0.0 12 227 93.4 100.0 48 0.0 15 235) 32 100.0 50. 00 18 241 93.8 98.8 St 0.0 21 245 927 97.6 30 00 24 206 92.7 93.7 50, 00 27 213 90.6 925 50 0.0, 30 20 90.9 873 30 0.0 33, 222, 90.1 85.1 50 QO 36 220 89.5 814 50. 0.0 39 221 82.8 747 30 0.0 42 224 82.1 70 50 0.0 The evaluation of knocked down mosquitoes, was done after 3 minutes exposure + Mortality was recorded after 24 hours’ long lasting [BN (deltamethrin) exposure The result showed that the efficacy of IBN’s (deltamethrin) aginst malaria vectors (An. aconitus and An. maculatus) had a slight difference. Mortality 100% con the mosquitoes tested was proven after 15 times washing process, and after 42 times washing, the residue of insecticide deltamethrin in IBN was effectively proven to kill of still more than 70.0% of the tested mosquitoes. Numbers of knocked down mosquitoes were more than 80.0%, after 42 times washing, Process of 36 times washing of the used nets were larger than 80.0% and effectively killed the tested mosquitoes (An. aconitus and An. maculatus) It is evident that insecticide deltamethrin’s residue in IBN are sufficiently effective to kill mosquito vector, though after 42 times washing by using compact washing soap (commonly used by villagers and are easily found in stores) Visualized in Figure 1 This bioassay test was done in room temperature (26-28°C) and with humidity of 56-69% Outside the room, the temperature was around 28-29°C with humidity of 58-67%. It was a controllable condition, since none of the untreated tested mosquitoes were dead. 353