AIRCRAFT HAND TOOLS

Chapter 1
Introduction
Hand tools is very indispensable for inspection. Maintenance, repair of aircraft structures, and it’s
system complexities, therefore as aircraft mechanics and personnel working on aircraft, we must be
familiar with tooling used in the aviation industry and it’s correct usage and care. When we are
working with any tool used in aircraft we should always observe safety as our primary consideration.
Background of the study
Statement of the problem
1. What are the different types of tools used in aviation?

2. What are the uses of different aircraft hand tools?

Objectives
1.) To be mindful regarding the different types of aircraft hand tools.
2.) To emphasize the uses of aircraft hand tools.

Scope and delimitation

This study covers only the different types of tools in aviation and its uses. The research does not
include the calibration of tools as well as the ground equipment use in aviation.
Chapter 2
Functions and Uses
Pounding Tools
HAND TOOLS
Hammer
A hammer is a tool or device that delivers a blow (a sudden impact) to an object.
Pliers
Jaw – small pincers with long jaws, for bending wire, holding small objects, etc.

Knurled screw – is located at the end of the pliers handles.

Toggle screw – it serve as lock.

Metal Saw
Punches
Tip – is used to mark a thin sheet of metal or a solid steel.

Handle – is used to hold a punch.

Cutting edge – is used in cutting different gauges of metal.

Tinner Snips
Drill Bit
Pneumatic Drill
Slot Screwdriver
Wrench
Ball Peen Hammer
Cross and Straight
Peen Hammer
Mallet
Body Hammer
Slip-Joint Pliers
Interlocking Joint Pliers
Vise-Grip Pliers
Duckbill Pliers
Needle Nose Pliers
Safely Wire Pliers
Aviation Snips Pliers
Saw
Electric
Saw
Drill
Reversible Blade
Interchangeable Blade
Cross Point
Tri-wing
Posidriv
Torx
Open End Wrenches
Box End Wrenches
Combination Wrenches
Flare Nut Wrenches
Ratcheting Open End Wrenches
Ratcheting Box End Wrenches
Torque Wrenches
Standard Sockets
Deep Sockets
Flex Sockets
Crowfoot Sockets
Ratchet Handles
Ratchet Adapters
Straight Bar Type Extension
Hammer
Pliers
Punches
Saw
Shear
Types
Drill Bit
Screw
Driver
Wrench
Ball-peen or ball-peen also known in Europe and North America as ball peen hammer is a type of
peening hammer used in metal working. It is distinguished from a point-peen hammer or chisel-peen
hammer by having a hemispherical head.
Again, mainly used for shaping metal, the peen can be at right angles to handle or parallel with it. The
most useful domestically is the cross peen, where the peen can be used for starting panel pins and
tacks.
Body or planishing hammers are large smooth faces and are light weight. The hammers are
specifically used to remove small dents and too smooth and stretch sheet metal.
There are two types of mallets, soft-faced and hard plastic tipped. The forming and shaping of a soft
aluminum alloy is accomplished with soft-faced mallets which, in early aviation, considered of a raw
hide roll held in a clamp.
Slip-Joint Pliers are pliers whose pivot point or fulcrum can be moved to increase the size range of
their jaws.
Interlocking joint pliers are commonly called water pump pliers because they are often used to tighten
the packing gland nut around a water pump shaft.
Locking pliers, mole grips or vise-grips are pliers that can be locked into position, using an over
center action. One side of the handle includes a bolt that is used to adjust the spacing of the jaws, the
other side of the handle
A special type of pliers used in aviation is the duckbill pliers. These long handled, flat-nose pliers are
typically used to twist and help remove safety wire.
(also known as long-nose pliers, pinch-nose pliers, or snipe-nose pliers) are both cutting and gripping
pliers used by electricians and other tradesmen to bend, re-position and cut wire.
Safety wire or lockwire is common in the aircraft and racing industries as an extra precaution to keep
vital fasteners from unintentionally loosening and parts from falling off due to vibration or other
forces.
Most basic type of snips. They are defined by their long handles and short blades. They usually have
extra wide jaws and are made of drop carbon steel.
Compound action shears are known throughout the industry as aviation or Dutchman snips. These
shears have separated cutting edges and a leverage multiplication that allows relatively thick sheet
metal to be cut without requiring excessive handle force.
Metal Saw – a fine tooth saw with a blade under tension in a frame used for cutting materials such as
metal or bone
Electric Saw – is a type of hacksaw that is powered either by its own electric motor or connected to a
stationary engine. Most power hacksaws are stationary machines but some portable models do exist.
drill motor is a toll fitted with a rotating cutting tool, usually a drill bit, used for drilling holes in
various materials.
powered by alternate blasts of compressed air. The air supply for a jackhammer usually comes from a
portable compressor driven by a diesel engine.
The reversible blade screwdriver has a regular slotted blade on one end, and a blade that fits a
recessed-head screw on the other end.
The interchangeable head screwdriver has a hollow magnetized shaft that holds ¼ inches hex bits.
These bits come in many types of sizes and typically fit inside the hollow handle for the screwdriver
for storage.
When inserting or removing slotted screw the screwdriver blade should fill at least 75% of the screw
slot width.
The types of cross-point screwdrivers used in aviation maintenance are the Philips and the Prince.
These types look similar and care must be taken to ensure use of the correct screw driver. The cross in
Philips, screw head cut with a double tape and the sides are not exactly parallel. Furthermore, the
Philips screwdriver has a relatively blunt pant that pits into a flat-bottomed hole.
Is a type of screw and screw head. It is sometimes called a triangular slotted screw. It is used as a
tamper-resistant screw on various products, typically electronics.
The posidriv (or supadriv) is a type of screw head and screwdriver, jointly planted by the Philips
Screw Company and American Screw Company. The name is thought to be an abbreviation of
positive drive.
The torxscrewdrivers is used to remove and install torx-type screw which have a six pointed slot.
Also known as open-ended spanner.A one piece wrench with a U-shaped opening that grips two
opposite faces of the bolt or nut.
Box-end wrenches or ring spanner: a one-piece wrench with an enclosed opening that grips the faces
of the bolt and nut.
Combination wrench or combination spanner: a double-ended tool with one end being like an open-
end wrench or open-ended spanner, and the other end being like box-end wrench or ring spanner.
Both ends generally fit the same sixe and bolt.
Flare nut wrenches, tube wrenches or line wrench: used for gripping the nuts on the ends of tubes. It is
similar to a box-end wrench but, instead of encircling the nut completely, it has a narrow opening just
wide enough to allow the wrench to fit over the tube.
Ratcheting box-end Wrench: Is a type of ring spanner, or box wrench, whose end section ratchets.
Ratcheting can be reversed by flipping over the wrench, or by activating a reversing lever on the
wrench.
Torque wrench is a tool used to precisely apply a specific torque to a fastener such as a nut or bolt. It
is usually in the form of a socket wrench with special internal mechanism.
Standard sockets are available in all of the popular drive sizes and with four-, six-, eight-, or twelve-
opening. These sockets are also deep enough to fit over a bolt head or a nut if too much shank does
not protrude.
Deep sockets are better for specific jobs instead of general use. If you have bolted joints, they make a
much better option for your socket wrench than shallow sockets.
When additional clearance is needed between socket drive and the socket, a flex socket is used. Flex
Sockets have a pivot point between the drive handle end of the socket and the nut end.
Nuts are sometimes placed in location on aircraft where neither a box-end, nor open-end wrench, or
standard socket wrench can be used. The Crowfoot socket is designed to reach these nuts and is
available with open-box, and flare nut end.
Time is an expensive commodity in aviation maintenance and therefore, any tool that decreases the
time required for an inspection or repair is typically used. One tool that can be save great deal of time
is the ratchet handle.
If a socket drive does not have any ratcheting ability, several adapters are available to convert the
ratchet into a reversible ratcheting wrench. Adapters are available allow different size sockets and
drive to fit together.
It is used nut sockets further away from the wrench handle. These extensions are made of forged steel
alloys and are available in lengths from less than two inches up to 2 or 3 feet long.
Chapter 3
Descriptive Research

This chapter presents the method of research used, participants identification purpose sampling
techniques, data gathering validation of the instrument, data gathering procedures, administration of
the instrument, and the statistical treatment of data.

Research Methodology
The descriptive survey was used in this study. It was used to described, compared and explained the
participants, reasons, evaluation of effectiveness and assessment on the impact of the community
extension program of the PhilSCA FAB in San Jose Batangas, Aquino (2006) defined descriptive
method of research as an organized attempt to analyze, interpret and make a report on the present
status of the institutions which a research wishes to study.
A structured questionnaire was used as a primary tool in gathering data also an unstructured interview
was conducted in order to clarify and validate responses to the questionnaire.

Chapter 4
Summary
Aircraft hand tools are very important for every alteration or repair to an aircraft. It refers to all the
hand held tools used in everyday maintenance. Hand tool include all the tools that are used in
pounding, holding, cutting, and turning having their own method of development.

Pounding tools include different types of hammer and mallets. These tools are different in weights
and uses. They may also differ in size of their head. The ball and is used to peen over the rivet on a
skin of an aircraft. Flat surfaces are atypically used in pounding or removing dents. Some of the
hammer is also made of a soft face and a hard plastic tip.

Cutting tools are that separate or removes material. Each tools is made up of a high grade tool steel
that has been carefully heat threatened and tampered. They differ in cutting edges. Cutting tools are
designed in either to cut a metal or a wood. And some of them are used to smoothen surfaces that
have been cut. It can be operated by a hand or by the use of electricity.

Removing and installing of a threaded fastener are accomplished by the use of turning tool. The most
commonly used turning tools are screw drivers, wrenches, ratchets and sockets.

CONCLUSION
The researchers concluded that the output of the research, which is aircraft hand tools are to give ideas
and basic knowledge to future aircraft mechanics on the proper use and care on different aircraft hand
tools. The mechanic is like a doctor who also holds life that’s why knowledge and safety is our prime
concern on the use of tools during maintenance are needed.
Recommendation
Researchers recommend this study to the following,
To the students,especially to those who are studying Aircraft maintenance because the study contains
essentials data and information about aircraft hand tools.
To the professionals who are teaching Aircraft maintenance, this study can be a reliable source of
information for lessons.
To the future researchers, so they can perform more studies for further improvements

THE END