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Digestion and Absorption Human Physiology

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What is Digestion?

What are components of Digestive System?

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Digestion and Absorption of Carbohydrates connected with Biology
Digestion and Absorption of Proteins experts faculty
Describe the digestion and absorption of lipids in human beings

Digestion of Vitamins and Minerals

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What is Appendix?

What is Reverse Peristalsis? Email

Diseases of the Digestive System

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What is Digestion? Submit or Connect with Goo

Digestion is a process of breakdown of

complex food molecules into simple
water: soluble molecules so that it can be
easily absorbed by the body. Digestion is
a catabolic process, that is, it is a
breakdown process to release energy.

There are two types of Digestion:

Mechanical Digestion and Chemical Digestion.
Related Resources
Mechanical Digestion involves the physical breakdown of large food molecules into
small molecules. Chemical Digestion involves breakdown of complex food
molecules into small molecules in presence of digestive enzyme.
Process of Digestion
Process of Digestion Table
of Content Absorption...

Alimentary canal
Alimentary canal The
alimentary canal begins
with...
What are components of Digestive System?
Mouth is the first part of the Digestive System where the process of digestion
begins. Mouth contain glands known as Salivary Glands. These salivary glands
secrete an enzyme Salivary Amylase or Ptyalin that digests the carbohydrates
such as starch into maltose (simple sugar).

Pharynx  is a part of the Digestive System as well as respiratory system. It

pushes the food into the esophagus. A lid-like structure that covers the trachea
or wind pipe at the time of swallowing of food is known as Epiglottis. It
prevents the entry of food into the trachea. If food enters into the trachea,
chocking may occur and this might also prove fatal.

Esophagus is  also known as food: pipe that passes the food to the stomach.
The process of movement of food from the esophagus to stomach is known as
Peristalsis. It is a muscular process.

Stomach is the major part of the Digestive System where most of the digestion
occurs. Stomach secretes the gastric juices which contain Hydrochloric Acid and
sodium chloride. Hydrochloric Acid is secreted by gastric cells known as parietal
cells. This acid is helpful in removing germs and pathogens. The environment of
stomach is acidic due to hydrochloric acid. Stomach also produce an enzyme
pepsinogen. Stomach also produces mucus that lubricates the stomach against
hydrochloric acid.
 Small Intestine  receives the partially digested food from the stomach. Small
intestine is composed of 3 parts: Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum. Here,
carbohydrates, proteins and fats are digested. It receives the secretions from
Pancreas and Liver.  Some of the carbohydrates are also digested in small
intestine with the help of Pancreatic Amylase.

Large Intestine  comprises of Cecum, Colon and Rectum. Cecum receives the
food from the small intestine. Colon is a part where food is digested by gut
flora. Water is majorly absorbed in this part. Rectum is the part from where the
undigested food reaches the anus for excretion. 

Digestion and Absorption of Carbohydrates

Digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth with the help of an enzyme
salivary amylase. It digests the starch into maltose. Rest of the digestion of
carbohydrates occurs in small intestine with the help of the enzyme pancreatic
amylase secreted by pancreas. The simplest form of carbohydrates is glucose. So
all the carbohydrates consumed is finally converted into glucose for absorption.

Digestion and Absorption of Proteins

Digestion of Proteins begins in the stomach. Stomach produce an enzyme
Pepsinogen. Pepsinogen is an inactive form of enzyme pepsin. Inactive form of an
enzyme is known as Zymogens. Pepsinogen is converted into pepsin by
Hydrochloric Acid present in the stomach. Pepsin begins the process of digestion
of proteins. 

Pancreas and Liver are two digestive glands that play an important role in the
digestion. Pancreas secretes Trypsin and Chymotrypsin to digest proteins into
small peptides. Other enzymes that participate in protein digestion are
Carboxypeptidase and Proelastase. The simplest form of proteins is Amino acids in
which they are absorbed by the body.

Describe the digestion and absorption of lipids in

human beings
Liver secretes bile that helps in digestion of fats (a form of lipid). The process of
digestion of fats by bile is known as Emulsification of fats. Fat digestion is also
promoted by lipase enzyme from the pancreas known as Pancreatic Lipase. The
simplest form of fats are Fatty Acid and Glycerol. Lipase or bile breakdown fats into
fatty acids and glycerol so that they can be absorbed by the body.

Digestion of Vitamins and Minerals

Digestion of Vitamins and Minerals begins in the mouth. Further digestion of
vitamins and minerals occurs in the small intestine where they are also absorbed
and taken to the blood stream.

What is Appendix?
Appendix is located at the junction of the small intestine and large intestine. It is
considered as a vestigial organ. Cattles use appendix for fodder digestion. It helps
in digestion of food containing plant matter such as cellulose.

 
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What is Reverse Peristalsis? +91-120-4616500
 The most common example of Reverse Peristalsis is Vomiting. Medulla oblongata
is the vomiting center in the brain. When it is activated due to some local irritation Login | Register
in the stomach, the food reverts back and results in vomiting. This is known as
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Reverse Peristalsis.
 

Diseases of the Digestive System

The common diseases of Digestive System are given below-

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) – A disease in which the ingested

food leaks back from the stomach into the esophagus. It happens when the
esophageal sphincter does not close well.

Esophagitis – The inflammation of the esophagus commonly caused by

infection. It is also a complication of GERD.

Peptic Ulcer – A painful lesion of the stomach of small intestine.

Gastritis – A disease that causes the inflammation of the lining of the stomach.
It has many causes such as alcohol abuse, cigarette smoking, excessive
consumption of coffee and aspirin.

Colon Cancer –   The uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the large

intestine. It is third most common cause of cancer in Philippines.

Watch this Video for more reference

The digestion process - What happens to your food as it travels through your body

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