LAB SESSION:04

Statement:
A shaft is made up of 3 parts, as shown in the accompanying figure. Parts AB and
CD are made of the same material with a modulus of rigidity of G=9.8x10^3 Ksi
and each has a diameter of 1.5in. Segment BC is made of material with a modulus
of rigidity of G=11.2x10^3ksi and has a diameter of 1in. The shaft is fixed at both
ends. A torque of 2400lb.in is applied at C. Using 3 elements , determine the angle
of twist at B and C and the torsional reactions at the boundaries.

Figure 1; Shaft made up of 3 parts

Basic Steps in FEA:

Discretization:

Divide the shaft into three elements and four nodes:

Figure 2:Discretization of shaft

Pre-Processing:

1. Select a Job name.

Selected the job name as Experiment 4

2. Select analysis type.

Firstly, preferences was selected for the type of analysis we wanted to perform on the
given problem. As It was a structural problem so selected the analysis type structural
from Preferences
3.Define Element Type

Then we defined element as it was a shaft so we selected >Element

Type>Add/Edit/Delete>Beam> 2 Node 188>ok close. As the elements are a shaft with two
nodes. As all the elements were of same type we only chose 1 element type

4. Define Material Properties:

Then we defined the material properties for each elements as >Material Models>Structural
>Linear>Elastic>Orthotropic>Add values of Modulus of elasticity, Poisson Ratio, and
Modulus of Rigidity for two material.
The material for Element 1 and 3 is same.

Elements Modulus of Modulus of Poisson Ratio

Rigidity Elasticity
1 9.8x106 10.4x106 0.3

2 11.2x106 10.4x106 0.33

3 9.8x106 10.4x106 0.3

 Material Model for material No.1 (for element 1 and 3)

Material Model for Material no.2 (element 2)

 5. Define section:

Now we defined the cross section of the shaft by selecting the type of beam and its radius against
each material ID respectively.

>Section>Beam>common sections>Select subtypes (circular shaped beam) and add radii for
sections:

Sections Radius (in)

1 0.75

2 0.50

Defining section for 1st Material with radius 0.75in

 6. Define the node points.

Nodal points were defined in their respective position in Cartesian System

Nodes Location in CS (X -
direction)inches
1 0
2 24
3 42
4 66

Defining node point for node 1

Defining node point for node 4

 7. Create the elements between the nodes one
Creating element 2 between node 2 and 3

8. Applying boundary conditions and loading

Fixing the node 1 and 3 by restricting all defgee of freedoms
Applying moment on node 3 of -2400lb in negative x direction

Solution Phase:

9.Solve the system

Postprocessing phase

10.Calculate the angle of twist

>List Result>Nodal Solution>DOF-Solution-X-component of rotation>ok

11.Calculate Reaction moments:

11.Plot The Results:

>plot result>Plot contour>Nodal solution>DOF- Solution>X component of
Rotation>ok
Results:

Nodes Angle of twist Percentage Torsional Reaction Percentage

(Radians) Difference (lb-in) Difference
(angle of (Torsional
twist) Reaction)
(%age) (%age)

Direct Ansys Direct Ansys

Method Method
1 0.0000 0.0000 0 450.53 450.94 0.090
2 2.23E-03 2.22E-03 0.44 0 0 0
3 9.58E-03 9.623E-03 0.446 0 0 0
4 0 0 0 1949.25 1949.1 0.0076

Comments:
 The Maximum Angle of twist Occur at node3 and minimum deflection at
node 1 and 4 which are fixed
 The reaction at node 2 and 3 is zero and is max at node 4 (1941lb-in)