Assessment, evaluation, and research

Assessment usually refers to persons. It covers activities such as

grading (formal and informal), examining, certifying, and so on.
Most educational systems record student achievement in some way:
With a number, letter code, or comment such as ‘good’, ‘satisfactory’,
or ‘needs improvement’. One exception to this generalization is
the use of the word ‘assessment’ as in National Assessment of
Education Progress (NAEP) in the United States. Such assessments
are based on the testing of probability samples within the nation. In
this case, the objective is not to know how any individual student is
achieving, but to discover more about the achievement of groups of
students in different regions of the country.

Evaluation involves the general weighing of the value or worth of

something in terms of the objective sought, or in comparison with
other programs, curricula, or organizational schemes.
Research is the orderly and systematic investigation of a
phenomenon for the purpose of adding to knowledge.

Measurement
Measurement is a process that assigns a numerical description to
some attribute of an object, person, or event. Just as rulers and stopwatches can be used to
measure, for example, height and speed, so
can other quantities of educational interest be measured indirectly
through the use of achievement tests, questionnaires and the like.