VOLUME-IV
QUALITY CONTROL MANUAL
ᄃ Introduction
This section of the Quality Assurance/Quality Control Manual presents the Project’s
background, defines quality-related terms, and gives an outline of the Manual. The
importance of quality control of construction of works on Irrigation projects needs no
emphasis. Irrigation projects involve heavy expenditure and contribute to the prosperity of
the state. There may be loss of human life and life of structures may also get reduced if
projects are not executed properly. For above reason construction projects should proceed
with diligence as per prescribed specifications. To ensure execution of works as per standard,
constant control on quality is very necessary. This manual is brought out to guide field staff,
construction agency and supervisory staff of WRD to control and maintain quality as per
prescribed standard.
1.1 Background
GENERAL
Madhya Pradesh (MP) is the State of India having a geographical area of 30.8 million
hectares. The state is predominantly agriculture-oriented as 80% of its population is
dependent on agriculture. The net shown area of the state is 14.96 million hectares.
1.2 Objective of quality control manual
The Project is unique in its nature and complexity. In view of this complexity, it is essential
and important to put in place a comprehensive, consistent, and common system for quality
assurance and control during construction of Project. Generally the quality control manual is
based on the practices prescribed by Indian Standards and specification of the Department,
when any specifications are not provided in this manual the standard practices prescribed by
B.I.S. shall prevail.
1.3 Quality Definitions
Quality is the totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bear on its
ability to satisfy a given need. The term 'given need', in case of project works, can be
interpreted as the functional requirements. The quality of outputs is always agreed upon
between the supplier and the client (in project works, contractor and the Employer), and the
quality objective must be to achieve zero defects. It can be made possible only by ensuring
the quality at all stages of project works.
The following are some definitions pertaining to quality and how to achieve it:
At the contract package level, inspection and testing to ensure that the works executed meet
the required quality standards.
The QA/QC Manual for the Project does not attempt to suggest technical
specifications, since these are stated in the contract documents. Its aim is to ensure that the
works are executed as per specifications. Quality control and test results shall be interpreted
as applicable for Contract Package, in accordance with the contract conditions.
2.0 GENERAL - construction quality control –
This section provides an overview of construction quality control activities, including testing
and site inspection.
2.1 Introduction
Construction quality control (CQC) is intended to provide a comprehensive, common and
consistent framework for the project. CQC comprises two main elements of quality control:
Testing
Inspections
Testing control covers the type of tests to be carried out, frequency of testing and g.
Inspection control covers the timing of inspections, what has to be inspected and the
inspection procedures.
CQC should be affected at five stages:
Input Materials and Equipment Components
In-process Activities
Stage Completion
Interfacing
Final Completion
2.2 Testing
Various site tests on materials and works are required to be carried out by the Contractor
during construction. A well equipped and properly operating site test laboratory is an
important element of the quality assurance plan. A checklist showing typical testing
equipment to be provided in the contractor’s site laboratory as indicated in Table 2.1.
The contractor shall set-up the site laboratory at the start of his project and informs the
Engineer-in-Charge and the Consultant for conducting inspections. Laboratory equipment
shall be properly calibrated, and calibration certificates should be kept at the laboratory for
review by Engineer-in-Charge and Consultant, as necessary. Specialized tests at outside
laboratories shall only be undertaken with the prior approval of the Engineer-in-Charge at
Contractor’s cost.
Tests should be performed in accordance with the contract documents, as described in this
Manual. All test samples should be preserved, with proper identification numbers and other
applicable information. These samples must be stored on site by the contractor.
In addition to the site laboratory the Contractor shall have mobile laboratories to collect
samples and carry out tests of various sites as the work is scattered and spread in wide area.
Table 2.1
Checklist of Site Testing Laboratory Equipment
Testing Equipment
Type of Test
Yes
(1)
No
(1)
Electronic Balance
For general measurement purpose
Oven
Drying and moisture content determination
Slump test
Workability and control of water in concrete casting
Vicat apparatus
Setting time determination of cement
Measuring instruments
Measurement of sizes
Leveling instruments
Tolerances of roads surfaces
In addition to tests performed on site, the contractor is responsible for specialized tests which
are performed at approved laboratories, and for factory inspections.
The Consultant appointed by the department & Engineer in Charge shall carry out
periodic quality inspections during in-process, stage completion, interfacing and final
completion, and during all critical activities as per the following examples:
excavation
placing of reinforcing steel
concrete batching and pouring
Pipe laying & associated works
2.3.3 Squad checks
The concept of Squad Checks has been adopted to have an external review of quality
of works executed. For squad checking Employer may appoint teams to inspect the work
from time to time. The tentative agenda for squad checking is described as below:
physical inspection of the works under execution and inspection of quality of workmanship;
review of site documentation and contractor compliance;
sample verification of test reports and quality certificates;
review of issues, constraints and lacunae in quality system implementation;
preparing of action plans for improving the quality; and
performance appraisal of the contractors.
3.0 Control of Materials Components
This section provides an overview of control requirements for materials, including site testing
and manufacturers’ certification.
3.1 General
Control and approval of construction materials and equipment components to be incorporated
in the works shall be based on the following:
Test reports for materials tested at site, such as soil, cement, sand, water and aggregates,
rising main etc. the contractor will perform all tests. The Employer’s
Representatives/Consultant appointed by the Department/Department Officers shall
witness/carry out necessary test on the material.
Manufacturer’s certificates and IS mark for manufactured items indicated in table 3.2 or as
stipulated in the contract.
Reference IS code for testing of material is list down in the table 3.3.
3.2. Materials Tested on Site
The materials to be tested on site include cement, water, aggregates for concrete, soil for
embankments, and materials for road works. For aggregates and soil, the contractor shall
obtain the approval of the borrow source or quarry from the Engineer-in-Charge before
extracting material. The list of materials to be tested on site is given in Table 3.1 below. The
reports are to be maintained in a bound register.
Table 3.1
List of Materials Tested on Site
Sl. No.
Material
Cement
Sand
Table 3.3
Details of reference Indian Standard for testing of material
Sr. Test Reference Indian Standard
No.
1. Water
.pH value IS IS-3025
Coarse Aggregate
Sieve analysis IS 2386 (Part 1): 1963
Unit Weight IS 2386 (Part 3): 1963
MADHYA PRDESH WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT,BHOPAL Page 8
VOLUME-IV QUALITY ASSURANCE/CONTROL MANUAL CHAMBAL MICRO IRRIGATION PROJECT SHEOPUR
Sampling of pipe for various tests and criteria for conformity. IS : 4711
7.0 DI pipes
A. Ductile Iron is made by a metallurgical process which I S 8329-1994
involves the addition of magnesium in to molten iron of ( ISO: 2531-1998 EN-
low sulfer content. It is 30% lighter than C I pipes. 545-1994)
B. Ductile Iron fittings.
C. DI pipe joints (use rubber gasket confirming to) IS 9523-1980
IS 5389
Note : All the latest & relevant ISI codes and references for all materials to be used are to be followed & will
be applicable.
This section of the QA/QC manual cover the testing of works and the inspection of workmanship for
general earthworks in balancing reservoir.
The soil sample have to be inspected and tested as soon as after their arrival at the laboratory. The soil
proposed to be used in these works must have been tested by the contractor and approved by
Employer’s Representatives/Consultant appointed by the Department/Department Officers. The
contractor shall submit the soil testing report to the Engineer-in-Charge.
Tests and frequency of test for general earth works in Work are listed in Table 4.1. Test report formats
are included in Appendix A. The contractor shall conduct tests as stipulated. The Representative of
Consultant and Engineer-in-Charge will witness the test conducted.
Table 4.1
Statement showing test and frequencies of various tests for earthwork
Sr. Name of Test Investigation Design Construction Record Test Remarks
No.
1. MOISTURE CONTENT Before the commencement
of day’s work/shift, one
sample shall be tested for
each of the construction
soils separately. Sample is
to be collected from the
spot where the material is
proposed to be brought on
embankment.
2. SPECIFIC GRAVITY For each 0.75 Mm3 of soil For each 0.15 Mm3 of
explored 3 tests for every zone each soil type
separately including filter 3 tests investigated, 5 tests
minimum for each quarry. for each of the zone
including filter, 5 tests
minimum for each
quarry.
3. GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS For every 1 Mm3 or less soil For every 0.15 Mm3 or Two samples for 150m x The frequency for each
explored, 6 tests for material to less of each soil type 150m borrow areas test is as below
be used in each of the zone of the investigated for each proposed to be utilized. For
embankment separately, 12 tests zone 5 tests for each any change of material
for filter zones, 3 tests minimum zone and 20 tests for minimum 2 samples shall
for each quarry filter, 5 tests minimum tested. Total Earth Frequency
for each quarry. work (for each
work for
each zone)
Below 0.5 1 per
Mm3 10,000 m3
3 Mm3 20,000 m3
Above 3 1 per
Mm3 40,000 m3
5. ATTERBERG LIMITS Same as above, no tests for filter Same as above, no As per record tests Separate tests are to be
material. tests for filter material. conducted for each zone.
Samples to be collected
from different locations
and elevations so as to be
truly representative.
6. SHRINKAGE LIMIT Not required Not required As per record tests In addition to the above, a
set of record tests are to be
taken at instrument
installation. One
undisturbed sample shall
be taken at each
embankment piezometer
immediately prior to the
excavation of offset side
trench
7. COMPACTION For each 0.75 Mm3 soil explored, For each 0.15 Mm3 of For Total progress up to In case of vertical
12 tests for each zone separately; each soil type 1,500 m3 per day, one settlement gauge,
minimum 3 tests for each quarry. investigated 5 tests for test/day shall be conducted installation, two samples
each zone separately; i.e., one day on Hearting shall be taken for each
minimum 5 tests for soil, next day on Casing cross arm installation, one
each quarry. soil, third day on Random at the bottom of trench
fill and so on. If there be excavated for cross arm
any change in soil, and the other in the
additional one test/day shall tamped back fill of the
be conducted. For total trench after it has been
progress beyond, 1500 m3 brought up to the adjacent
per day, daily one test for embankment level.
each of the construction
soils shall be conducted.
8. TRIAXIAL SHEAR For each 0.75 Mm3 soil explored, For each 0.15 Mm3 of
10. PERMEABILITY 5 tests on each type of soil 2 tests for each zone As per record tests Test mentioned at S. Nos.
separately including (1) to (7) of this annexure
filter, minimum 5 tests are to be conducted as
for each quarry Record Tests.
11. FIELD DENSITY (SAND Per day two tests per first Test mentioned at S. Nos.
REPLACEMENT 300 cum, Earth work and (1) to (7) of this annexure
METHOD) then one test per every are to be conducted as
additional 300 cum. Record Tests.
Separately, separate tests
shall be conducted for each
zone
12. FIELD DENSITY TEST Per day two tests per first Test mentioned at S. Nos.
FOR SOIL (CORE 300 cum, Earth work and (1) to (7) of this annexure
CUTTER METHOD) then one test per every are to be conducted as
additional 300 cum. Record Tests
Separately, separate tests
shall be conducted for each
zone
13. PLACEMENT One test per 20 sqm of the Not required
MOISTURE placed material before
(PENETROMETER rolling. Minimum 3 tests
METHOD) shall be performed on the
placement.
14. NEEDLE DENSITY The penetration resistance Not required.
(PENETROMETER shall be observed at 20 m
METHOD) along length and breadth of
area under compaction and
also at places of doubtful
MADHYA PRDESH WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT,BHOPAL Page 13
VOLUME-IV QUALITY ASSURANCE/CONTROL MANUAL CHAMBAL MICRO IRRIGATION PROJECT SHEOPUR
compaction.
15. RISING MAINS Relevant Electrical &
(Pipe, Pipe joints and mechanical work testing as
pumps, transformers, applicable.
SCADA etc)
This section of the QA/QC Manual covers the testing of works and the inspection of workmanship for general
civil and structural works. The key elements to be inspected in these works are concreting, and finish. The
requirements for testing and control of materials for these works are outlined in Section 3.
Inspection checklists for concreting and finishes, and building services and finishes are presented in Appendix
A.
O.K. Cards and test results formats are given for general guidance. These may be suitably modified by
Engineer-in-Charge in consultation with Employer(s) consultant and contractor to meet with requirements of
works.
5.1
Table 5.1
List of Tests and frequency of test for concrete work
2. Fineness by dry sieving One per every 50 tonnes One per every 50 tonnes of
of cement cement
3. Setting time One per every 50 tonnes One per every 50 tonnes of
of cement cement
4. Soundness (Le-Chatellier’s One per every 50 tonnes One per every 50 tonnes of
method) of cement cement
5. Determination of Consistency of One per every 50 tonnes One per every 50 tonnes of
standard cement paste of cement cement
8. Silt test on fine aggregate Once a week, additional if Once a week, additional if
source is changed source is changed
11. Surface moisture content in fine Once a week One per shift of stock pile
aggregate (laboratory method)
12. Bulking of fine aggregate One per shift per stock Once a fortnight
pile
13. Specific gravity and water Once a week One per shift per stock pile
absorption for aggregates (up to
10 mm size)
14. Specific gravity and water Once a week Once a fortnight
absorption for aggregates (above
10 mm sieve)
15. Slump of cement concrete One per every two hours One per every two hours
working per mixer working per mixer
16. Density and air contents of fresh One per week, additional One per mixer per month,
concrete if source of aggregate is additional if source of
changed aggregate is changed.
17. Compressive strength of Up to 100 cum work per One per shift per mixer
moulded cement concrete day one per shift per mixer (separately for each
specimen proportion)
18. Alkalinity and acidity test for Once per source of supply Once per source of supply
water to be used in concreting
Table 6.1
List of Tests and frequency of test for Road Work
Sl. No. Type of Test Frequency of Test
1. Moisture content as per IS-2270 1 test per 250 m3 or part thereof
2. Gradation by wet sieve analysis 1 test per 200 m3 or part thereof
3. Atterberg limits --- do ---
4. Deleterious constituents --- do ---
5. OMC and MDD --- do ---
6 Aggregate Impact Value One test for 200 m3
7 Grading by wet sieve analysis One test for 100 m3
8 Flakiness Index and Elongation Index One test for 200 m3 of aggregate
9 Atterberg limits of binding material One test for 25m3 of binding material
(Only for WBM)
O.K. CARD
FOR
LAYOUT OF STRUCTURES
1. Name of structure :
2. Location : R.D./C.H.___________to_________
Village________________________
5. Surveyed by Contractor. :
:
6. Checked by Sub Engineer or AE.
:
7. Approved by S.E.
CONTRACTOR CONSULTANT/DEPARTMENT
O.K. CARD
FOR
2/2
S. Date For use by QC personal Cube Mix W/C F.M. Max. size Unit wt. Remark
No. of Location of test No. portion of ratio of of Of agg.
test Blo Off RL concrete sand aggregate
ck RD set
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
O.K. CARD
2. Location of work :
(i) Block Bo. : ______________ to ______________
(ii) R.D./C.H. : ______________ to ______________
(iii) Offset : ______________ to ______________
(iv) Lift R.L. : ______________ to R.L. ___________
3. Name of Agency :
6. Method of Consolidation :
(i) Mech. Vibrator
(ii) Hand keeping by trowel
(iii) Hand tamping by rod
2/2
S date For use by Q.C. Personnel Cube Mix W/C F.M. Max. size Unit wt. Remark
N of test Location of test No. portion of ratio of of Of agg.
o Block Off RL concrete sand aggregate
. RD set
CH
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(viii) Segregation/bleeding
(x) Workmanship
(xi) Others
O.K. CARD
FOR
1. Name of Work :
2. Location of work
(i) R.D. / C.H. : _____________to______________
3. Depth of filling :
R.L. of the previous layer :
RL of the present layer :
5. Surface preparation
(i) Stripping :
(ii) Narrowing :
(iii) Removal of vegetation :
(iv) Watering :
2/2
(For use of Q/C Personnel)
S. Particulars Results Remarks (State short coming or O.K. for fresh layer)
No.
1 2 3 4 5
1. Date of test
MADHYA PRDESH WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT,BHOPAL Page 24
VOLUME-IV QUALITY ASSURANCE/CONTROL MANUAL CHAMBAL MICRO IRRIGATION PROJECT SHEOPUR
2. Surface preparation
3. Field classification of soil
4. Borrow area grid No. __________pit No._____________
5. Location of test
(i) R.D.
(ii) Offset
(i) OMC
(ii) MDD.
11 Compaction efficiency
12 Trimming and finishing of side slopes
Note: -
1. % deviation in MC = (OMC - Embankment M. C. x 100)
O. M. C.
2 % deviation in C. E. = (Prescribed C. E. - C. E. Attained)
Prescribed Comp. Efficiency
Negative sign shows results on higher side which, is desirable for (2) but undesirable for (1)
Laboratory in Charge (Contractor)
Contd.
% MC of the fill Permeability of U/D sample Test not performed as per Remarks
(n/year) Frequency
8 9 10 11
S. No. Laboratory Location of Natural Specific Total Grain size analysis (IS 2720 (Part 4)
Sample No. Borrow Pit dry Gravity gravel IS Sand 2.02 Silt 0.02 Clay
No. of RL/ density No 480 mm% to 0.002 0.002 mm
Ch. off kg/m3 mm% %
1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
No ___________/ Date_____________
Test results of Coarse aggregate samples Conducted at Central Laboratory / Field Laboratory
No ___________/ Date_____________
Test results of coarse aggregate samples Conducted at Central Laboratory /Field Laboratory
Location: Quarry/Stack __________________Reference
No ___________/ Date_____________
Test results of coarse aggregate samples Conducted at Central Laboratory / Field Laboratory
________________________________________
50-40
40-31.5
31.5-25
25-20
20-16
16-12.5
12.5-10
10-6.3
Flakiness Index ___________
Elongation Index ___________
Comments of Laboratory In-Charge_______________________________________
______________________________________
Test results of coarse aggregate samples Conduct at Central Laboratory / Field Laboratory
Location: Quarry/Stack __________________Reference
SOUNDNESS TEST
No. Detail Unit Number of Cycle
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 Wt. Of clean dry aggregate of Gms
specified size range
2 Wt. of dry aggregate dried in oven Gms
after each cycle
3 Loss of aggregate after 10 number of Gms
cycles subject to immersion and oven
drying after each cycle
=(1)-(2)
4 Soundness Value
=100*(3) / (1)
No ___________/ Date_____________
Test results of soil sample of Borrow area/embankment at RD __________ Ref.__________(if any) Central Laboratory
Moisture content
= 100* W/Sd
No ___________/ Date_____________
Laboratory in Charge
Test results of soil sample of Borrow area/embankment at RD __________ Ref.__________(if any) Central Laboratory
Test results of soil sample of Borrow area/embankment at RD __________ Ref.__________(if any) Central Laboratory
_________________
LIQUID LIMIT AND PLASTICITY INDEX (Atterberg limits)
2. Cup No.
6. Wt. of cup = W4 g
Liquid limit WL : %
Plastic limit, Wp : %
Plasticity index, Ip = WL - Wp = %
No ___________/ Date_____________
Test results of soil sample of Borrow area/embankment at RD __________ Ref.__________(if any) Central Laboratory
a) Bulk density
Sr. Particular Unit Test no.
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Wt. of mould + compacted soil
(W1)
Wt. of mould (W2) g
Wt. of compacted soil (W1 - W2) g
Volume of mould (V) cc
Wet density (rb) (W1-W2)/V g/cc
b) Dry density
Sr. Particular Unit Test no.
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1. Wt. of cup + wet soil (W3) g
2. Wt. of cup + dry soil (W4) g
3. Wt. of water = W5=(W3-W4) g
4. Wt. of cup (W6) g
5. Wt. of dry soil, W7=W4-W6 g
6. Moisture content %
=W=(W5/W7)x100
7. Dry density = rd=rb(1+W/100) g/cc
No ___________/ Date_____________
2. Wt. of specimen kg
3. Length of specimen cm
4. Breadth of specimen cm
5. Height of specimen cm
7. Crushing load kg
4. Water/cement ratio
5. Wt. of water kg
6. Slump mm