Research Article
The experiment was carried out to introduce and evaluate the adaptability of specific vetch
genotypes based on yield, yield components and nutritional quality in Guji Zone, Ethiopia.
Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three blocks, each containing 7 plots of vetch
accessions namely; Vicia villosa IRLI, Vicia atropurporea, Vicia villosa Holota, Vicia sativa ICARD
61509, Vicia sativa ICARD 61744, Vicia dasycarpa lana and Vicia dasycarpa namoi in 2010 summer
season and 4 plots of Vetch varieties/accessions (Vicia narbonensis, Lelisa, Abdeta and Gebisa)
in 2011 summer season with each plot measuring 3m x 4m was used. The analysis of yield and
yield components and quality shows that Vicia sativa ICARD 61744 and Vicia sativa ICARD 61509
was significantly higher in seed yield and Vicia sativa ICARD 61744 was significantly less in Acid
Detergent Fiber (ADF) content. Vicia sativa ICARD 61509 was significantly higher in Dry Matter
Yield (DMy) and it is similar with other accessions except Vicia dasycarpa namoi. Vicia villosa
Holeta was significantly higher in green forage yield and highest in Organic matter (OM), Crude
Protein (CP) and In vitro Organic matter digestibility (DOMD). Abdeta was significantly higher in
seed per pod, seed yield and Harvesting Index (HI) and highest in OM. Lelisa was significantly
higher in green forage yield and late in date of maturity at (P<0.05). Therefore, based on the
performance of most parameters, Vetch accessions/varieties, Vicia atropurpureum, Vicia villosa
Holota, Vicia sativa ICARD61509 and Vicia sativa ICARD61744, in 2010 and Gebisa and Lelisa, in
2011 were best performing.
INTRODUCTION
Among a number of annual legumes introduced so far have a considerable potential for increasing forage quality.
vetches are one the leguminous forages adapted to the Information on feed quality is one of the decision support
highland of Ethiopian, especially in the central highlands tools required to provide rational basis to optimize
(Garling, 1998). It grows well on the reddish brown clay utilization of feed resources, to improve animal production
soils and black soils of the highland areas. Vetches are and productivity and ultimately to increase financial return
being used for disease break, as a crops in rotation, cover to the producer. The feasibility of livestock enterprise is
crops, for livestock feed, hay production and green and dry largely a function of the type, quality of feed and the
grazing. As fodder crops, vetches mixed mainly with oats strategy of feeding.
or other minor cereals such as barley and can be fed to
animals while green or as hay or silage. Their matting *Corresponding Author: Usman Semman, Salale University,
types of growth not only protect the soil erosion but also P.O. Box 245, Fitche, Ethiopia. Tel: +251949761758 Email:
can improve the physical and fertility states of the soil usman03062005@gmail.com Co-Author 2Tel: +251926141220;
(Garling, 1998). Vetches apart from being able to stay Email: 2tamirat.dinkale@gmail.com; 3Tel: +251913205384
3keetuma1983@gmail.com
green in to the dry season are high in protein content and
Agronomic, Yield and Quality Performance Evaluation of Improved Vetch Varieties/Accessions at the Highland of Guji Zone Bore, Ethiopia
Semman et al. 416
Removing or reducing nutritional constraints leads to important because vetches by nature are suitable to
dramatic improvement in livestock production and highland and needs rain fall, but ours is atypical highland
productivity. Dynamic changes have been made in the with high altitude and rain fall and important to test to this
areas of feed evaluation, nutrient requirement and feeding situation.
systems (Seyoum et al. no date). Several environmental,
genetic and genotype by environment interaction aspects Experimental Materials and Procedures
are expected to influence chemical composition and
nutritive value. Compositional data information on The trial was arranged in randomized complete block
digestibility and estimated metabolizable energy offers design (RCBD). There were three blocks each containing
opportunity to know the potential value of the feed to be 7 plots of vetch accessions namely Vicia villosa IRLI, Vicia
fed to the animal. Vetches apart from their potential to stay atropurporea, Vicia villosa Holota, Vicia sativa ICARD
green in to the dry season are high in protein content and 61509, Vicia sativa ICARD 61744, Vicia dasycarpa Lana
have a considerable potential for increasing forage quality and Vicia dasycarpa namoi in 2010 summer season and 4
(Garling, 1998). Legume in general and vetch in particular plots of Vetch varieties/accessions including Vicia
are excellent source of nitrogen for livestock feeds and the narbonensis, Lelisa, Abdeta and Gebisa) in 2011 summer
importance of legumes in crop production is also season with each plot measuring 3m x 4m. Distance
recognized. There is no any animal feed technology which between plots and replications were 1m and 1.5m
is tested in the study area (Guji zone) still this experiment respectively. Plots in each block were randomly assigned
is conducted due to the remoteness of the area and there to the seven treatments. Broad casting methods and no
is no information on forage nutritional quality as well. fertilizer were applied at the planting time for treatments of
Herbage yield in combination with other characteristics like Vetch accessions in 2010.Row method and 35cm spacing
maturity, proportion of morphological fractions, and between rows were applied for Vetch Varieties/accessions
nutritive value of the herbage are useful considerations in in 2011.
selecting the best variety for forage production. Species of
vetches have different characteristics in terms of growth The nutrient analysis was conducted at Adami Tulu
habits, days to maturity, morphological fractions, quality Agricultural Research Center (using proximate analysis)
and climatic adaptations. This shows that the different for partial dry matter only and Holeta Agricultural Research
vetch varieties and their accessions need to be accessed Center Laboratory using Near Infra-Red Reflectance
for the different yield and yield components and quality Spectroscopy Methods (NIRS). Composite samples of
parameters. This experiment was carried out to introduce Vetch accessions/varieties were collected at 50 %
and evaluate the adaptability of specific vetch genotypes flowering stage at each consecutive years. Samples were
based on yield, yield components and nutritional quality in dried at 65 Oc in a forced draft oven for 72 hrs. All samples
Guji Zone. were ground using a willy mill and allowed to pass through
1mm screen, run in duplicates and Dry matter (DM), Ash,
Crude protein (CP), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid
MATERIALS AND METHODS Detergent Fiber (ADF), Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL) and In
Description of the Study Area vitro dry matter Digestibility (DOMD) were determined by
Near Infra-Red Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRRS)
The experiment was carried out at Bore Agricultural methods (Van Kempen, 2001). Hemicellulose was
Research Center Guji zone, Oromia. Bore district is calculated by subtracting the ADF from the NDF content
located at 385 km to the south from Addis Ababa and 220 while cellulose was determined by subtracting the ADL
km from the Guji Zone capital city (Negele) with from the ADF content and results were carefully collected.
geographical location of 557'23” to 626'52” N latitudes and The weighed fresh subsample (FWss) was oven dried at
3825'51” to 3856'21” E longitudes, South-eastern Oromia. 60OC for 72 hours and reweighed (DWss) to give an
It has moist humid and sub humid moisture condition, with estimate of dry matter production. The dry matter
relatively longer growing season. Vetches need moisture production (tone/ha) was calculated as:
even for regrowth but the area has to be well drained. The (10 x TotFW x (DWss / HA x FWss)) (Tarawali et al., 1995).
annual rain fall is about 1400-1800mm and the annual Where;
temperatures of the district ranged from 10.1 to 20OC. The TotFW = total fresh weight from plot in kg;
major soil types are Nitosols (red basaltic soils) and Orthic DWss = dry weight of the sample in grams;
Aerosols (Yazachew and Kasahun, 2011). Bore FWss = fresh weight of the sample in grams;
Agricultural Research station is located at 7km from Bore HA = Harvest area meter square and
district which is geographically located at 624'37” N 10 = is a constant for conversion of yields in kg m 2 to
latitude and 3834'76” E longitudes. The research site tone/ha.
represents highlands of Guji Zone with an altitude of
2736m.a.s.l. receiving high rainfall characterized by Harvest index (HI) was calculated on a plot basis, as the
bimodal distribution. The first rainy season extends from ratio of dried grain weight adjusted to 12.5% moisture
April to October and the second season starts late content to the dried total above ground biomass weight.
November and ends at the beginning of March. This is
Agronomic, Yield and Quality Performance Evaluation of Improved Vetch Varieties/Accessions at the Highland of Guji Zone Bore, Ethiopia
Int. J. Plant Breed. Crop Sci. 417
Agronomic, Yield and Quality Performance Evaluation of Improved Vetch Varieties/Accessions at the Highland of Guji Zone Bore, Ethiopia
Semman et al. 418
Agronomic, Yield and Quality Performance Evaluation of Improved Vetch Varieties/Accessions at the Highland of Guji Zone Bore, Ethiopia