Özgür Afacan
Marketing Manager CS, ASEAN
• Reinforced concrete was considered an everlasting building
material.
The results of the completed assessment shall be valid at the time that the protection
and repair works are designed and carried out.
* According to EN1504-9
Analyzing the damage
ACI 364.1
The scope and methodology of a preliminary investigation can involve one or more of the
following steps, depending on the size and complexity of the project.
It should be noted that only a limited amount of investigation within each step is generally
required to establish the feasibility of the rehabilitation project. Detailed studies are generally
deferred until the detailed investigation phase, if such investigation is deemed
desirable.
Common causes of deterioration
and relevant tests (EN 1504-9)
5
Causes of concrete damage
•Impact
•Overload
•Settlement
•Explosion
•Vibration
Causes of concrete damage
•ASR
•Aggressive
agent (e.g.
acid, soft H2O)
AAR / ASR / DEF
•biological
Chemical Damages
Alkali Silica Reaction
Structural Damages
• ASR – Alkali Silica Reaction
Chemical Damages
Acid Rains
• Acid Rains
– Sulfates and nitrates in the air reacts with
water and creates sulphuric acid and
nitric acid which falls on earth as acid
rains.
9
Chemical Damages
Chemical attack
Structural Damages
• Chemical Attack
Chemical Damages
Chemical attack
Structural Damages
• Chemical Attack
Causes of concrete damage
•Freeze/Thaw
•Thermal
•Salts
•Shrinkage
•Erosion
•Wear
Damages
Structural Damages
• Hydraulic Erosion
Damages
Structural Damages
• Freeze- Thaw Cycle
Causes of concrete damage
•Carbonation
•Chlorides
•Stray currents
Electro-Chemical Damages
Carbonation
• Carbonic Acid
– CO2 in the atmosphere
reacts with water and forms
carbonic acid.
16
Electro-Chemical Damages
Carbonation
Structural Damages
• Carbonation
• Calcium carbonate leaching
Substrate Testing
Carbonation
Carbonation
• Use phenolphthalein indicator
solution to test depth of carbonation
• pH > 9 = purple rebar protected
• pH < 9 = no colour metal corrosion
pH > 9 <9
27/03/2012 18
Electro-Chemical Damages
Chloride Penetration
Structural Damages
• Extended Corrosion – Marine structures
• Chloride penetration
Structural Damages
• Extended Corrosion – Marine structure
• Chloride penetration
Substrate Testing
Chloride Contamination
– In structures near the coast (although salt spray effects reduce rapidly
within 1 km of the coast)
• Effect is the same although the chloride induced corrosion can take
place faster.
Structural Damages
Extended Corrosion
Serious structural damages requires strengthening with FRP systems
Extended Corrosion
Serious structural damages requires strengthening with FRP systems
Structural Damages
• Deep Holes
Structural Damages
New Build Structures
Structural Damages
• Deep Segregation
Structural Damages
New Build Structures
Structural Damages
• Deep Segregation
ECS - August,
In General
The high pH of the concrete passivates the steel, and prevents corrosion.
Substrate Testing
Corrosion
Corrosion on rebar
• Visual inspection concrete surface
• Half-cell potential mapping
• Corrosion current measurement
• Opening concrete if necessary
29
Substrate Testing
Core testing
Degradation due to
Concrete
Reinforcement
degradation
Corrosion
(1) These methods may make use of products and systems not covered by the EN 1504 series
(2) Inclusion of methods in this standard does not imply their approval
(1) These methods may make use of products and systems not covered by the EN 1504 series
(2) Inclusion of methods in this standard does not imply their approval
Emaco Repair mortars The highest quality and ease Emaco Repair mortars
Emaco Nanocrete of application can be achieved Emaco S322M
R4 / R2 / FC with Emaco Repair mortars recasting of elements
hand applied Emaco Nanocrete R4/R2
spray applied
EN 1504 – part 9
General Principles 1 - 6
Principle N° Principle Definition Methods based on principle Recommended Products *
Principle 4 Structural Strengthening 4.1 Adding or replacing embedded or external Masterflow grouts
[SS] reinforcing steel bars
Increasing or restoring the 4.2 Installing bonded rebars in preformed or Concresive 1438, Masterflow
920SF
structural load bearing capacity of drilled holes in the concrete MBrace Systems
MBrace and
will
an element of the concrete
structure
4.3 Plate bonding be presented separately
Concresive adhesives
6.2 Impregnation NA
Principle 7 Preserving or Restoring 7.1 Increasing cover to reinforcement with additional Emaco Nanocrete
[RP] Passivity cementitious mortar or concrete R4 / / Emaco S322M
(1) These methods may make use of products and systems not covered by the EN 1504 series
Principle 8 Increasing resistivity 8.1 Limiting moisture content by surface treatments, Conipur/Conideck
[IR] coatings or sheltering membranes;
Increasing the electrical resistivity Masterseal 300H,
of the concrete 555S, 180, 303
(2) Inclusion of methods in this standard does not imply their approval
27/03/2012 41
EN 1504 – part 9
General Principles 7 - 11
(1) These methods may make use of products and systems not covered by the EN 1504 series
Principle 11 Control of Anodic areas 11.1 Painting reinforcement with coatings Emaco Nanocrete AP
[CA] containing active pigments
Creating conditions in which 11.2 Painting reinforcement with barrier coatings Emaco S40ZR
potentially anodic reactions of
11.3 Applying inhibitors to the concrete(1)(2) Protectosil CIT (a)
reinforcement are unable to take
part in the corrosion reaction
(1) These methods may make use of products and systems not covered by the EN 1504 series
(2) Inclusion of methods in this standard does not imply their approval
(a) Protectosil CIT has been independently tested in-situ by internationally accepted methods
and shown to repassivate already corroding reinforcement
Emaco S40ZR
forms an impermeable
Protectosil CIT, Corrosion barrier for corrosive
Active corrosion protection Inhibitor Technology. agents
with Emaco Nanocrete AP