Lung CO2
1 Breathing
Circulatory
system
2 Transport
of gases by
the circulatory
system
Mitochondria
3 Servicing of O2
cells within
the body CO2
tissues
Capillary
Cell
Berlangsung di matriks
mitokondria
Sistem Pernapasan Manusia
Alat respirasi
• Hidung
• Laring
• Trakea
• Bronkus
• Paru-paru
• Smoking causes lung cancer and
contributes to heart disease
• Smoking also causes emphysema
– Cigarette smoke
makes alveoli
brittle, causing
them to rupture
– This reduces the
lungs’ capacity
for gas exchange
Glotis dan epiglotis pada alat
respirasi manusia.
KLIK
Volume paru-paru
• Volume tidal
• Volume cadangan inspirasi
• Volume cadangan ekspirasi
• Volume residu
Kapasitas paru-paru
• Kapasitas inspirasi
• Kapasitas residu fungsional
• Kapasitas vital
• Kapasitas paru-paru total
Frekuensi Pernapasan
Heme Iron
group atom
O2 loaded O2
in lungs
O2 unloaded
in tissues O2
Polypeptide chain
Breathing is automatically controlled
BREATHING CONTROL
events CENTERS—stimulated by:
Pons
Nerve signal
Nerve signals
indicating low
trigger
O2 level
contraction
of muscles
O2 sensor
in artery
Diaphragm
Rib muscles
Pernafasan
• Aerob
• Anaerob
Kelainan dan Penyakit pada Sistem Pernapasan Manusia
• Faringitis
• Pneumonia
• Emfisema paru-paru
• Asma
• Dipteri
• Asfiksi
• TBC
• Hipoksia
• Asidosis
• Sianosis
Sistem Pernapasan Hewan
Cross section
of respiratory
surface (the
skin covering
the body)
CO2
O2
Capillaries
Sistem Pernapasan Serangga
– Tracheae in
insects
Pada serangga, pertukaran gas
dari jaringan dengan udara
dilakukan dengan menggunakan
sistem pembuluh trakea.
Body surface
Respiratory
surface
(tracheae)
Body cells
(no capillaries)
Tracheae
Opening
for air
Body
cell
Tracheole Air
sac
Trachea
Body surface
Respiratory
surface
(gill)
CO2 Capillaries
O2
22.4 Countercurrent flow in the gills enhances O2
transfer
gradient that
maximizes the
uptake of O2
Blood flow
through
lamellae