net
–
Modern Switching Installations
Efficiently Fitted, and Wired Securely
Contactors DIL
Motor-protective
circuit-breakers PKZ
Motor-starters MSC
Softstarters DS/DM
Frequency inverters
DF/DV
Rapid Link
Page
Contents and preface Overview 2
xStart – modern switching installations 2
efficently fitted, and wired securely –
Excerpt from the system 3
Summary for readers in a hurry Brief description 4
Differentiation between switching installations Switching installation types 5
Volume applications in the lower rating range Distribution of motor ratings 6
xStart – the 45 mm engineering dimension continues to advance – Width standardisation expanded 6
xStart – a contribution towards interface optimisation Compatibility with electronics 8
xStart – connection made to measure Termination technology 8
Rationalisation potential in power distribution Evolutionary stages of 8
for relatively large groups of operating media power distribution
Busbar systems – efficient power distribution Busbar systems – 9
with added value in centralised switching installations – busbar adapters
Changes in systems building brought about by Advantages of decentralisation 10
the trend towards decentralisation
Three-phase commoning links and mounting rail adapters – efficient Three-phase commoning links, 10
power distribution for relatively small groups of switching devices mounting rail adapters
Rapid Link – the decentralised switching installation – System Rapid Link 12
Systematic connection = tool-less plug connection Tool-less plug connection 13
Ready-for-connection starter combinations Reversing and star-delta starters 15
Switching and protecting motors using UL 508 Type F motor-starters Self-Protected 16
to North American directives – for worldwide application Combination Motor Controllers
The smallest switching installation – motor-protective circuit-breaker PKZM motor-protective 19
in a surface mounting enclosure circuit-breakers
Handy motor-starter selection aid The selection slide 20
Validity Status of development 21
and of the Standards
The type-tested system of switching installations specifically for the panel builder 22
Literature Further information 23
27
Contactors 26
1 Contactor up to 12 A
2 Contactor up to 32 A
3 Suppressor circuit 18
4 Motorentstörglied 17
5 Side-mounted auxiliary contact
6 Top-mounted auxiliary contact 19
7 Electronic Timer 33
8 Contactor up to 65 A 21 34
9 Contactor up to 150 A 20
10 Side-mounted auxiliary contact 32
11 Top mounted auxiliary contact
16
Overload Relays 25
22
12 Overload relay up to 32 A 31
13 Overload relay up to 65 A
14 Overload relay up to 150 A 24 35
15 For separate mounting
23
Motor-Protective Switches
16 Motor-Protective Switch
with rotary actuation 22 10 10
29
17 Motor-Protective Switch
with pushbutton actuation 28
18 Current limiter module 30
19 Shunt- and undervoltage releases 9
15 2 8
20 Trip-indicating auxiliary contact 1 10
21 Side-mounted auxiliary contact 5
22 Front auxiliary contact
23 Early-make auxiliary contact
24 Door-coupling rotary handle
and extension shaft
25 Early-make auxiliary contact
26 Insulated flush mounting enclosure
27 Insulated surface mounting enclosure
with Emergency-Stop pushbutton
12 4
3
12 14
Starter 3
28 Electrical link 13 14
NO
57 58
1
10
100
NC
65 66
6
31 Motorstarter with 7
6
combination plug-in technology 11
11
11
32 Clip plate
33 Busbar adapter
34 Top-hat rail adapter
35 SmartWire module
Figure 1: This diagrammatic representation shows the main components of the xStart product system and how they fit together.
7
ZVEI = Trade association for electrical manufacturers in Germany
Systems arrangement all together spatially and / or division between loads and
spatially and functionally functionally divided operating media
(e.g. load centres)
Total rating [kW] large power requirement, many lower power requirement, mostly low individual
per mounting location operating media, fewer operating media, ratings, often many similar
(enclosure) individual operating media possibly dedicated load centres operating media
with particularly high ratings
Power supply point-to-point feed via cables point-to-point feed via cables line feed via rigid or flexible
or busbar systems or busbar systems busbar systems
Power distribution system busbar systems preferred, busbar systems preferred, direct supply to motor-starters,
Within individual enclosures sometimes complemented by sometimes complemented by for groups of starters also
three-phase commoning links three-phase commoning links three-phase commoning links
Arrangement of operating, mounting locations as required mounting locations as required often integrated in the remote
input and indicating devices for the application for the application enclosure, but frequently
additional centralised operating
and indicating station
Information and increasingly via bus systems increasingly via bus systems predominantly via bus systems
signal exchange
Table 2: Increasingly, todays debate is about whether to use centralised or decentralised systems. In addition to many system-specific advantages
and disadvantages the decision as to which concept to use also influences the application options for the various power distribution systems and
mounting systems.
Incoming feed
Power section
width reduction (by 15%) compared to xStart – connection made to measure
conventional solutions with reversing Processing
starter combinations in this rating range. Anyone working with switchgear looks
For the busbar adapters and mounting at the connections first. Our solution
rail adapters described later, the assertion avoids wiring errors, prevents unwanted
of this engineering dimension means Output heating of terminals, and of course, saves
that the number of necessary variants is money by cutting down on wiring time.
reduced to 1 or 2 times 45mm, thereby Figure 8 shows a view of the terminals,
improving the economic aspect of these in the direction of cable entry. In the box
systems. terminal, there is no screw to avoid in
• Machine
• System Actuators
the connection space. Box terminals
The mounting width of contactors with • Process Sensors with two separate chambers ensure the
ratings above 38 A was also significantly necessary connection forces for their
reduced and matched to the width of whole service life, even if the cables
protective circuit-breakers. The width Man/machine dialogue differ by several cross-section sizes. This
saving on contactors up to 72 A is 22%, reliable termination technology
on contactors up to 170 A it is as much is now available throughout on all
Figure 7: The electrical equipment of machines
as 25%. The fact that a reduction of and systems can be divided into functional
contactors up to 400A, on PKZM 4
heat losses has been achieved at the groups whose relative importance depends motor-protective circuit-breakers and
same time, means that these savings on the purpose for which the installation is on all circuit-breakers with terminals.
can translate into a higher component intended. In small objects they can even merge
packing density. with one another in a small enclosure. In large Since the main current wiring with its
objects, the enclosures for control section mostly larger diameters and rigid cables
and power section are often separate and
is normally connected first, the front
frequently also spatially separately located,
xStart – a contribution towards extension of the coil connections
i.e. either near the operator or near the load.
interface optimisation (Figure 9) also contributes significantly
towards rational wiring and easier
These days, the watchword in automation • by the now general integration of a testing. Alternatively, for all the control
technology is: functional levels. These suppressor circuit in all DC operated circuit connections and main current
are optimally achieved using various contactors, connections up to 12A, screwless spring-
electromechanical and electronic • by excellent fail-safety of the auxiliary loaded terminals are available. These too
switching devices. Figure 7 shows the contacts. have separate openings for two cables.
functional groups and the interfaces
that enable communication between The integration of the suppressor circuits
them.The new product system, xStart, has prevents selection and engineering errors Rationalisation potential in power
particular strengths in the coordination and rationalises application. It prevents distribution for relatively large
of interfaces between the functional the destruction of semiconductor outputs groups of operating media
groups. Particularly notable here are by voltage peaks when switching Off
the bi-directional optimisation of all the inductive loads (e.g. contactor coils). This article is mainly concerned with
interfaces between electromechanical Suppressor circuits are rarely used in the implementation of the main current
components and electronic modules [12]: AC operated contactors, but plugged in supply and the functional group ‘power
at the front, if necessary. In addition to section’. The various functional groups
• by a remarkable reduction in power optimisation of the interfaces between can differ in importance, depending
consumption and heat losses in the electronic and electromechanical on the purpose of the installation or
contactor magnet systems, during components, the interfaces between machinery and, in the simplest case,
pick-up as well as sealing operations, the electromechanical components in a straightforward small switching
• by admissible actuating voltage were also improved in terms of easier cabinet, can merge with one another.
tolerances (compatibility with and less time-consuming fitting, as well
electronics) far beyond what the as more rational electrical connection. The type of power distribution to the
Standards specify, The most important factor in this is the power outputs, such as the switched
tool-less plug connection technology motor-starter outgoing circuits in the
explained in detail below. In addition to electrical equipment for a machine, is
of paramount importance for the cost
Oblong section
CU tinned
12 x 10 360
20 x 10 520
30 x 10 630
10
Figure 12: Three-phase commoning links for side-by-side mounted protective switches and their
variants. Their phase spacings allow for side mounted accessories such as auxiliary contact and
shunt or undervoltage trip modules. Feeder terminal blocks for large cross-sections, as well as touch
protection for spare locations are available as accessories.
11
12
Systematic connection =
tool-less plug connection
13
14
15
The time saving using these prepared Switching and protecting motors In the USA and Canada a distinction is
bridges in comparison to individual using UL 508 Type F motor-starters made, as shown in Table 4, between
wires should not be underestimated. to North American directives – distribution equipment and devices
The contactors are mechanically linked for worldwide application for the switching of industrial loads, i.e.
to form a unit using DILM32-XVB or (Self-Protected Combination Motor industrial control equipment. Separate
DILM150-XVB clips. Controllers) Standards apply to these two types
of equipment, also making differing
The user can fit and wire all the In the past, the export of switching demands on it. Above all, the
combinations either by using the installations to North America often specifications for creepage and
mounting and wiring aids offered by brought nasty surprises for the installation clearance distances in air and for
Moeller, or by his own preferred
method. Particular time-savings can be
had by employing combinations already
preassembled, ready for connection, a) c)
as well as functionally tested in Moeller’s
own workshops. For a sufficient,
continuous and defined requirement,
customer-specific combinations can
also be built. In order to avoid having
to deal with quantities of waste from
the packaging of individual assemblies
for customised solutions that are often
needed in large quantities, it makes sense
to supply these in volume packaging
rather than individually wrapped.
b)
Figure 22: Star-delta combinations for 15kW to 30kW / 400V with new, particularly space-saving main
current bridges. a) M32XP2 paralleling bridge, b) M32XR delta bridge = reversing bridge,
c) M32XS1 star-point bridge
16
Table 4: Differentiation between device types in North America and alignment to the North
American directives, UL 508 and CSA-C22.2 No.14 [17], or UL 489 and CSA-C22.2 No. 5-02 [18].
UL ... designates the USA, CSA... the Canadian directives.
UL 98 = [19], UL 248-1 = [20]
17
The PKZM 0 and PKZM 4 motor- because no such element needs to A purely modular system, where the
protective circuit-breakers enable be built into the system additionally, manufacturer or the builder of the
interesting implementation possibilities space saving in terms of device switching installation combines approved
as UL 508 Type E starters within the fitting, modules at his own responsibility,
xStart system. In modular systems, • No wiring between additional does not exist in North America. Only
PKZM 0 or PKZM 4 together with the components, combinations that are named in the
three-phase commoning links described • Lower equipment cost and therefore Moeller Approvals files are acceptable.
and special BK25...-E or BK50/3-PKZ4-E overall cost of the switching In the Approvals files, Moeller has
feeder terminal blocks (Figure 13) installation, included all the admissible or sensible
can be used. These feeder blocks are • A rapprochement to the control combinations that produce Type-starters.
decisive for Type E approval. But they system construction usual in the All the three-phase commoning links
must have the enhanced creepage and IEC world. already had UL and CSA approvals.
clearance distances to UL 489. The fact
that the three-phase commoning links
are permitted, is a welcome additional
benefit. Since they allow several motor-
protective circuit-breakers to be supplied
on the incoming side via three-phase
commoning links, these solutions enable
economical and space-saving control
system layouts as they are customary in
the IEC world. It is the new, now slightly
bigger feeder terminal block that
makes the difference to the previous
international solution, and can now
be used in all switching installations
worldwide. It must be noted that
UL 508 Type E starters must be used
only in earthed mains systems
(e.g. 480Y/277 V).
The utilisation of UL 508 Type E starters
brings the following benefits:
18
Characteristics that make motor-protective circuit-breakers into universal switching and protective devices
Table 5: Motor-protective circuit-breakers become universal switching and protective devices due to their design characteristics.
19
20
Figure 28: The selection slide from Moeller is a simple tool that enables various types of motor-
starter to be dimensioned taking into account type “1” or “2” short-circuit coordination as required.
21
XI/ON
8
circuit wiring necessary. The control 12
circuit wiring between the PLC and 8
7
the switching devices is completely
replaced by pluggable, pre-assembled
connection cables. In this way up to 16
9
motor starters can be connected to the
PLC. 6
22
[1] Product information “xStart: [10] Wolfgang Esser, [18] USA: UL 489, “Molded Case Circuit
Efficient solutions for the “The increasing importance of Breakers, Molded Case Switches
motor circuit“ communication in circuit-breakers“ and Circuit Breaker Enclosures“
W1200+2100-7548D The magazine for electrical Canada: CSA-C22.2 No. 5-02,
Moeller GmbH, Bonn, 04/2004 practitioners, Berlin 57 (2003) 1, “Moulded Case Circuit Breakers“
Special edition VER 1230-930,
[2] Specialist catalogue “Type-tested Moeller GmbH, Bonn [19] UL 98, Standards for Safety,
switching installation system for “Enclosed and Dead-Front
the infrasctructure in buildings, [11] Wolfgang Esser, Switches”
up to 4000A“ “Software solutions improve the
FK4810-1143D, economy of automated machines [20] UL 248-1 … 16, Standards for
Moeller GmbH, Bonn, 04/2004 and systems“ Safety, “Low Voltage Fuses“
Automation technology in
[3] “Prepare for the future. practice, 44 (2002) Volume 9 atp [21] Wolfgang Esser,
Use xEnergy for switching“ “Special considerations governing
W4600-7553D, [12] Wolfgang Esser, the application of Manual Motor
Moeller GmbH, Bonn, 04/2004 “xStart, the new generation Controllers and Motor Starters
of motor-starters, – in North America“,
[4] Wolfgang Esser, again with application-orientated VER1210+1280-928GB
“Switching and protective devices special features!“, Moeller GmbH, Bonn, 2003,
in machine control systems“ VER 2100-937 D, or in the Internet: German: http://
The magazine for electrical Moeller GmbH, Bonn, 2004 www.moeller.net/binary/
practitioners, Berlin 57 (2003) 11 ver_motor-starterna_de.pdf,
[13] IEC 60 715, DIN EN 60 715: 2001 English: http://www.moeller.net/
[5] Wolfgang Esser, “Dimensions of low-voltage binary/
“Chief applications for switchgear, standard mounting ver_motor-starterna_en.pdf
circuit-breakers“ rails for mechanically securing
The magazine for electrical electrical devices in switching [22] ATEX 100a, Directive 94/9/EG,
practitioners, Berlin 57 (2003) 9 installations “ dated 23.3.94, for the
harmonisation of statutory
[6] Wolfgang Esser, [14] Wolfgang Esser, regulations within member
Dr. Johannes Meissner, “Moving More than Motors states for devices and protective
“Switching powerful operating Analysis and development of drives systems for Standard-compliant
media economically using for machine and system builders.“ use in potentially explosive areas,
vacuum contactors“ VER 2100+2300-920 D, ABI. L 100 dated 19.4.1994
VER2100-929D, Moeller GmbH, Bonn, 2000
Moeller GmbH, Bonn, 2003 [23] IEC / EN 60 947-2 and
[15] Manfred Hilger DIN VDE 0660 Part 101
[7] IEC 60 439-1, DIN EN 60 439-1, “RAPID LINK: The quick “Low-voltage switchgear
VDE 0660 Part 500: 2000-08, connection for the materials flow“ Part 2: Circuit-breakers“
“Low-voltage switchgear Special excerpt from the ETZ
assemblies – Part 500: Type-tested magazine, VER 0000-927D, [24] IEC / EN 60 947-4-1 and
and partially type-tested Moeller GmbH, Bonn, 02 /2002 DIN VDE 0660 Part 102
combinations.“ “Low-voltage switchgear
VDE-Verlag, Berlin-Offenburg [16] Otmar Feurstein, Part 4-1: Electromechanical
“Waiting efficiently – contactors and motor-starters“
[8] IEC 60 439-3, DIN EN 60 439-3 starting remotely“
(VDE 0660 Teil 504): 2002-05, Special excerpt from the [25] IEC / EN 60 947-3 and VDE 0660
“Low-voltage switchgear materials handling magazine, Part 107 “Low-voltage switchgear
assemblies – Part 3: Special VER 0000-933D, Part 3: “Load-break switches,
requirements of low-voltage Moeller GmbH, Bonn, 07/2003 isolators, switch-disconnectors
switchgear assemblies to which and fuse combination units “
unqualified operators have access [17] USA: UL 508,
– Service distribution boards“ „Industrial Control Equipment”
VDE-Verlag, Berlin-Offenburg Canada: CSA-C22.2 No. 14,
“Industrial Control Equipment,
[9] IEC / EN 60 204-1, “Machine safety Industrial Products”
– Electrical equipment of machines
– Part 1: General requirements “
23
E-Mail: info@moeller.net
Internet: www.moeller.net
www.eaton.com
www.eaton.com