BRAIN BEHAIVOR

1) Right hemisphere: artistic, music and arithmetic.

2) Left hemisphere: speech, mathematics and logic.

Cortex divisions:

1) Frontal:

 OFC- disinhibited, compulsive.

 DLPC- working memory
 ACC- motivation and apathy

2) Parietal:

 Right hemisphere- constructive, hemi neglect and anasognosia.

 Left hemisphere- gertmann syndrome, agraphia, agnosia and
acalculia.

3) Occipital:

 Anton syndrome- embolism + blindness.

4) Temporal:

 Left hemisphere- Wernicke.

Speech:

 Broca –expression non-fluent.

 Wernicke- fluent.

Both are connected by arcuate tract.

  ACC- anterior- motivation.
 ACC- posterior- cognition.

Hippocampus: (New learning)

 Memory consolidation
 Very sensitive to hypoxia (Alzheimer disease)
 Right hemisphere- spatial orientation
 Left hemisphere- language or explicit
 Context memory

Amygdala:

 Center of fight or flight response and freeze.

 Anxiety

Neurotransmitters:

Legend

Monoamine or catecholamines
 AA precursor
 RL Step
 Derivatives
 Metabolites
 Function
5 HT (serotonin)- Raphe nuclei
 Tryptophan
 CNS
 Melatonin
 5HTAA
 BP, sex, motivation

Norepinephrine- Locus coeruleus

 Tyrosine
 TH
-
 MHPG
 BP, HR, attention

Dopamine- sustantia nigra and VTA

 Tyrosine
 TH
 NE
 HVA
 Motor

Serotonin enzyme: MAOA

Norepinephrine and dopamine enzyme: MAOAorB and COMT

Orexin (lateral hypothalamus LH)

 Dopamine, serotonin and acetylcholine  LH  AWAKE
Dopamine tracts: antipsychotics = antagonists D2 receptor.

1. Nigrostriatal  SN  striatum

 Parkinsonism: tremors, rigidity and gait.

 Dyskinetic movements.

2. Tubero infundibular  hypothalamus  anterior pituitary and

Lactotrophs.
 Dopamine = PiF

3. UTA  mesolimbic  Schizophrenia – delusions and

hallucinations. (ACTIVATED)

 mesocortical  Schizophrenia – antisocial symptoms,

working memory and executive sxs
(DEACTIVATED)

ANTAGONIST D2 DECREASES ACTIVATED SXS OF

SCHIZOPHRENIA.

REWARD SYSTEM (+ REINFORCEMENT)

 First step with NE

 Second step with dopamine
 Third step with endog opiates

Locus coeruleus  VTA  NAcc (nucleus accumbens)  PFC

 SLEEP

 Awake  lateral hypothalamus  Orexin

 No REM  VLPO  II and III- IV (nightterrors)  recalled dreams
 REM  Pons  Ach  dreams recalled and nocturnal emissions.

SEX

 (parasympathetic) Ach  erection

 (sympathetic) Norepinephrine  ejaculation

RECEPTORS

NE:
 alpha 1: sympathetic increases psychostimulant
 alpha 2: sympathetic decreases. Clonidine decreases BP
 beta 1: HR, BP and contraction increase
 beta 2: bronchodilation

5-HT:
 5HTIA  autoreceptor (presynaptic). Decreases 5HT time.
 5HTID  migraine Rx
 5HT2A  depression and psychosis.

Ach:
 nicotinic
 muscarinic
 nucleus basalis de meynert  corteza DLPFC
 acetylcholinesterase inhibitors  Alzheimer disease

Glutamate:
 NMDA  excitotoxicity.
 Modulator = memantine (hippocampus)
Personality disorders:

 Lacks insight- keeping doing the same thing without outcomes.

 Antisocial
 Patient compliance
 Histrionic – atencion
 Narcissistic- adoracion, entitled envious
 Cognition – affectivity-…..
 Paranoid: informar bien antes de causar dudas, txt.
 Schizoid- asocial, Evita intimidad; sin emociones. Casi autista en
conducta.
 Schizotypal- the only one that pass to be worst.
 Red words
 Mecanismos de defense.

 Histrionic- attention seeking, vain

 Antisocial- dishonest. Survival, por necesidad es la excusa.

 Antisocial para un juez puede afectarlo grandemente.

Rationalization

 Borderline- angry; primary feelings is angry. Splitting de extremo a

extremo. Temen al abandon emocional. Maltrato sentimental en
la ninez

 Dependent= miedo a sobrevivir. No al abandono. Abusive

relations may cause dependent behaivor. No se suicidan ni se
mutilan. Diferencias. No confian en sus opinions y acciones. Se
sienten mierda.
  Avoidant- le gusta ser social pero teme el rechazo. Se siente
inferior. Desde la ninez.

 Obsessive compulsive- perfectionist, control de la situacion.

Moralistas- hacer las cosas por protocol. Inflexible. Delegan. No es
desconfianza es que son chapuceros.

 Fobia social se distingue pq no se siente inferior.

Mecanismos de defense ( unconscious mind)

-ego toma decisions por ti sin tu saberlo.

Altruism no recibe nada a favor.

Sublimation recibe a favor. Boxeadores

Suppression- distraerme. De forma conciente.

Displacement tiene que tener relacion.

Isolation of affect- post inundacion de emociones.

Reaction formation- actuar opuesto a lo que quieres hacer.

Sublimation- haces lo que quieres hacer.

Dissociation no es memoria como repression

Denial niegalo sin explicarlo sin justificarse

Rationalization lo justifica para no sentirse culpable
Projective identification- crean la situacion y despues dicen lo sabia. Lo
fuerzan

Introjection- te conviertes en quien te identificas.