an inconvenient truth..
another inconvenient truth..
Sindroma Metabolik
(Hilgartner, 2004)
Sindroma Metabolik
Faktor
Genetik
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia
TG, HDL, SD-LDL
Inflammatory State
CRP, TNF, IL-6
Oxidative Stress
F2Isoprostane, OX-LDL
Endothelial
Dysfunction
Prothrombotic State
PAI-1, Factor VII, Fbg
Impaired
Na-Metabolism
Leptin Resistance
Hyperleptinemia
Hyperuricemia
Salt
Insulin Beta cell
Retention
Resistance failure
Hepatic lipoprotein
Over production
Dislipidemia
The Cardiovascular Metabolic Syndrome
Inflammation
CRP, IL-6, TNF-, Adiponectin, etc
Metabolic Syndrome
- Insulin Resistance, Hyperglicemia &
Hyperinsulinemia
Type 2 - Dyslipidemia (↓ HDL-C, ↑ TG, ↑ small Obesity
Diabetes dense LDL
- ↑ BP
- Impaire Fibrinolysis
- Prothrombotic state
Cardiovascular Complication
Diab, Obes & Met, 2007.-
Bagaimana menangani …..
…..??
Penanganan Sindroma Metabolik
Sharma 2002
Adipogenesis
Sel Mesenchimal
Preadiposa
Immature Multilocular
Adipocyte
Mature Unilocular
Adipocyte
visfatin
↑ PPAR- agonist
↑ DM 1 ↓ DM 2 treatment
↓ Cardiovascular disease
Hypoadiponectinemia
Insulin Resistance
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Bentuk Multimerik :
Low molecular weight (LMW, trimers)
dan Albumin-LMW (albumin-binding
trimer)
Middle molecular weight (MMW,
hexamers)
high molecular weight (HMW)
multimers > octadecamers
Full-length Globular
adiponectin adiponectin
Skeletal muscle
Liver
36
Endocr Rev, 2005.-
Reseptor Adiponektin
HDL Adiponektin
Menghilangkan kolesterol dari Bersifat insulin sensitizer
dinding arteri & menghambat mencegah resistensi insulin
pertumbuhan plak Mencegah ekspresi molekul
Meningkatkan stabilitas plak & adhesi (VCAM,ICAM)
menghambat plak koyak Menekan produksi TNF- oleh
Menghambat LDL teroksidasi sel adiposa.
(enzim paraoksonase) Mencegah uptake LDL
Menurunkan ekspresi molekul teroksidasi oleh Makrofag
adhesi (VCAM,ICAM) Menurunkan TG dengan ↑
Memelihara integritas endotel Oksidasi FA
vaskular Menekan enzim yang terlibat
dlm glukoneogenesis
(G6Pase)
Adiponektin & Risiko Hipertensi
Hypoadiponectinemia is an
Independent Risk Factor for HP.-
Iwashima et al, Hypertens 2004.-
Male Female
Tinggi (cm) 136.9 + 3.4 135.9 + 4.1 146.3 + 2.4 135.9 + 2.9
BB (kg) 31.9 + 2.1 32.1 + 3.1 58.9 + 2.7 46.5 + 2.8
POW - 0.4 + 1.5 - 0.6 + 2.3 56.3 + 2.5 47.7 + 3.1
Ponderal index (kg/m3) 12.6 + 0.22 12.4 + 0.31 18.5 + 0.34 18.3 + 0.42
LP (cm) - - 87.8 + 1.6 77.3 + 1.7
Adiponektin (mg/L) 9.8 + 1.3 10.7 + 1.2 5.8 + 0.8 6.6 + 0.7
59
Obat yang mempengaruhi konsentrasi
Adiponektin
TZD
ACE inhibitor (temocapril, ramipril)
Ang II Receptor 1 Blocker (losartan, candesartan,
valsartan, telmisartan)
Fenofibrat
Cannabinoid 1 receptor blocker (rimonaban)
TZD
Meningkatkan Adiponektin HMW
Memperbaiki sensitifiti insulin improve glucose
tolerance
Memperbaiki profil lipid (lipid clearance ↑ via LPL
↑) TG↓, fat cell size ↓, fat cell number ↑
Hipertensi
Atherosklerosis
MetS ADIPONECTIN
CHF
NASH
Cancers
Genetik 62
Pemeriksaan Laboratorium