Chapter 01 : Introduction

1.1 The Project

We are the students of Building Services Technology, 2015 batch of University College of
Matara. We dedicated to automate the Building Services laboratory as our final year project
under the direction of Lecturer, Mr. Naleen Karunasinghe. Under this project we were installed
an automatic lighting system, fire alarm system and automatic lighting system with Bluetooth.

In this modern society building automation is very much important for every building such as
educational, commercial, residential and industrial buildings. Our Building Services laboratory is
an educational premises of the University College of Matara. It is consisted of many expensive
and valuable machines and equipment. We selected our lab for the project. When we were
planning our project, we aimed the security and energy consumption of the laboratory. The
Building Services Laboratory is located in second floor of the College.

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1.2 Project Description
The project location is the Building Services Laboratory which is consisted of four sections,

1. Administrative Area
2. Plumbing, Waste Water Management, Hot Water and Boiler systems
3. HVAC System, Electrical and Electronics
4. Physics, Ancillary Services and Energy Management

Each sections are consisted of lights and fans with three phase power.

1.3 Scope of the Project

1.3.1 Illumination (lighting) control

Automatic lighting system was installed via Ultra Sonic sensor and Bluetooth module sensor.
Both of automatic lighting system can be controlled illumination. It helps to save energy by
reducing any unwanted lights consuming.

1.3.2 Monitoring Fire Detection system

Fire detection system is operated by a flame detector with a buzzer. If happening any flame or
fire the flame sensor detects the flame and buzzer will start to operate.

1.4 Significance of the Project

There are several significances of a building automation system but in our project the automation
part is applicable for only lighting system and fire detection system.

1.4.1 Detecting and Controlling

The automatic lighting system via Ultra Sonic Sensor,

 Identify any objects by using forward and backward wave forming

 Controlling illumination
 Switch on and off the lights automatically

The automatic lighting system via Bluetooth sensor module,

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  Switch on and off the lights by using an Arduino bluetooth app which is installed in smart
phones

1.4.2 Energy Saving

When we integrate the building automation system functions such as automatic lighting system,
we can save energy consumption by reducing any unwanted lights consuming. When we are
installing an automatic lighting system, the efficiency of the service will improve.

1.4.2.1 Energy Saving strategies

 Turn off the automatic lighting system when it is unwanted.
 Time scheduled controlled – Time scheduled controlled can be applied for only automatic
lighting system via Ultra Sonic sensor. The delay time can be adjusted as appropriated.
 User convenience – User convenience is applicable for both automatic lighting system.

1.5 Method of study

Building automation system is a huge task, we installed only automatic lighting system a fire
detection system.

1.5.1 Draw and study the drawings

 Roughly draw the layout of the Building Services laboratory
 Get an idea of the whole laboratory orientation and machines and equipment
arrangement.
 Decide the wiring path of the equipment
 Prepare an equipment list which related to the selected project tasks.

1.5.2 Study the required technologies, technical parameters for the sensors and parameters.
There are many technologies with sensors and field devices. Before list out the equipment list,
the technologies should be used were decided. We selected the Arduino technology. Then
according to the Arduino technology, the required sensors and field devices were identified.

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1.5.2.1 Field devices related to the Arduino
 Ultra Sonic sensors
 Flame sensors
 Bluetooth module sensor
 Arduino boards
 Switches
 Relays
 Battery chargers
 Jumper wires
 Cables and insulations

1.5.3 Survey Analysis

When we were selecting field devices and sensors, we did a survey analysis through the internet.
Firstly we decided to order the required field devices and sensors through online shopping. Then
it was changed in to off line shopping. The different parameters and prices of the field devices
were identified by using this survey analysis.

1.5.4 Budget preparing

After the survey analysis we prepared a preliminary budget then it gives to our lecturer, Mr.
Naleen Karunasinghe for further clarification and getting financial resource.

1.6 SWOT Analysis of the Project

A SWOT analysis was done for identifying the internal and external factors that impact the
project and its strategies. The internal factors are strengths and weaknesses, the external factors
are opportunities and threats. This SWOT analysis gives the project a clear picture of the
“situation” in which it operates and helps it identify which strategies to pursue.

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1.6.1 Strengths
 Better knowledge of building automation systems and Programmable Logic Controllers
under the subject of Building Automation System.
 The best guidance with well experiences from our Lecturer, Mr. Naleen Karunasinghe.
 Creative experiences and better knowledge of practical related to the subject with a good
team work and leadership.
 The location where we do the project is another reason for the strength of the project. It is
the most applicable place for the project because of it is consisted of four sections such as
HVAC system / Electrical and Electronic, Physics / Ancillary Services and Energy
Management, Plumbing / Waste Water Management / Hot Water and Boiler systems and
Administrative area.
 Financial resources for the project.
 Cost advantages ; Low cost of required field devices and sensors.
 The resources such as tools and equipment, personal protective equipment and electricity
are available for anytime when we are doing our project.

1.6.2 Weaknesses
 Delay of starting works and less progress update is one of the main weaknesses that we
have seen in the project.
 Less commitment for the project is the one of reason. The other reason is delay of buying
some controllers, sensors and other field devices which are related to the project.
 The limited budget for the project.
 When we were selecting equipment suppliers for the project, we couldn’t do a survey
analysis within a big range.
 There was an issue when we were ordering our project components. There was a delay of
some required components such as sensors and circuit boards.

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1.6.3 Opportunities
 Our project has a big opportunity to expand our value of the Building Services
Technology to the world
 It has a good opportunity to develop the Building Services Laboratory of the University
College, Matara as the best laboratory among other University Colleges.
 Our project is helped to promote our course and the University College concept in Sri
Lanka.
 It is a good demonstration unit for the external students such as schools, technical
colleges.

1.6.4 Threats
 When we are selecting the equipment suppliers for the project, some suppliers didn’t
agree to supply their equipment only. The wanted to both supply and install their systems
and components.
 In present, the Arduino technology is used for many project then there is a competition
for the technologies.

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 Chapter 02. The Project

2.1 Introduction
This chapter is expressed about the project and what we are doing in this project and how we
achieve that aim. As the first step, our achievements and what are the way that we achieved. This
means goals and objectives. In this effort what we passed steps, how we achieved and how
progress at last are the expectable things in this chapter. As same as, the budget allocation of the
project is mentioned in the next paragraph and it says what is the out expenses and additional
cost against allocated budgets.

Finally, the chapter describes cost analysis and benefits and Gantt chart analysis of the project.
Cost will tend to comparison between estimated expenses and the actual cost for the project. That
tends to how we operate the financial properties when we implementing the project, Then, in the
planning stage, entire project divides into few activities and sub activities as well that project
planning schedule will take a correct action in given time frame. Gantt chart analysis gives the
managerial concept practices of the team.

And also this chapter is expressed about the project planning stages.

2.2 Project Goals and Objectives of the Project

2.2.1 Goals
1. Find out the where & what automation applications to be applied for the laboratory.

The project location was selected, it is the Building Services laboratory. When we designing the
automation application for the laboratory, the safety, security and how to reduce energy
consumption of the laboratory were considered.

2. Draw the plan of the Building Services laboratory

Before drawing the plan, we got the measurements of the laboratory and draw the plan of the
laboratory.

3. Select the required controllers, sensors, detectors & field devices which related to
designed security system.

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According to the drawing and requirements of the automation applications for the laboratory, we
selected the required sensors, controllers and field devices.

4. Prepare a complete design for selected automation systems for the laboratory.

This is the final stage for this design. This stage is helped for the project implementation
successfully.

2.2.2 Objectives
1. Gain a better knowledge in design stage of installing building automation applications.

As the building services students, we studied and get practical knowledge of building automation
system under the subject of Building Automation Systems in last semester. Even the building
automation systems has vast range, we should properly programme and installed the selected
building automation application, automatic lighting system and fire detection system. It is the
best opportunity to apply theoretical knowledge in real practical situation like our project and to
expand our knowledge in design stage of our project.

2. Grab the experience in the design process.

We will not get an opportunity of designing process at the initial stage of our carrier period but
this will be a great chance to expose building automation system. It will be more valuable for
further development of the projects that we participate in the field.

3. Participate to the design stage of a massive scale projects.

Normally we have not a chance to work of design stages with massive scale building. The high
rise buildings provide huge opportunities to upgrade our design knowledge. It describes about
the complicated building automation system will gives more opportunity to practice.

4. To develop the BST laboratory of UCM as the best laboratory for BST among other
University Colleges.

This is the best initial stage of opportunity to develop our Building Services Laboratory as the
best laboratory among other University Colleges. The other students can be further developed
our project and implement a large scale project than our project.

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 5. Complete the requirement of the final year project of HND in BST programme
successfully.

Finally we expect to great completion of our Higher National Diploma (NVQ VI)
programme even grabbing satisfactory knowledge about the building automation systems.

2.3 Project Components & Technology Introduction

2.3.1 Introduction to Arduino

Arduino is a single-board microcontroller to make using electronics in multidisciplinary projects
more accessible. It is an open Source electronic prototyping platform based on flexible easy to
use hardware and software.

The hardware consists of a simple open source hardware board designed around an 8-bit Atmel
AVR microcontroller, or a 32-bit Atmel ARM. The software consists of a standard programming
language compiler and a boot loader that executes on the microcontroller.

Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter
message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing
something online.

2.3.2 History of Arduino

Over the years Arduino has been the brain of thousands of projects, from everyday objects to
complex scientific instruments. A worldwide community of makers - students, hobbyists, artists,
programmers, and professionals - has gathered around this open-source platform, their
contributions have added up to an incredible amount of accessible knowledge that can be of great
help to novices and experts alike.

Arduino was born at the Ivrea Interaction Design Institute as an easy tool for fast prototyping,
aimed at students without a background in electronics and programming. As soon as it reached a
wider community, the Arduino board started changing to adapt to new needs and challenges,
differentiating its offer from simple 8-bit boards to products for IoT applications, wearable, 3D
printing, and embedded environments.

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All Arduino boards are completely open-source, empowering users to build them independently
and eventually adapt them to their particular needs. The software, too, is open-source, and it is
growing through the contributions of users worldwide.

2.3.3 Importance and benefits of Arduino

Arduino has simple and accessible user experience. Arduino has been used in thousands of
different projects and applications. The Arduino software is easy-to-use for beginners, yet
flexible enough for advanced users. It runs on Mac, Windows, and Linux. Arduino is a key tool
to learn new things. Anyone - children, hobbyists, artists, programmers - can start tinkering just
following the step by step instructions of a kit, or sharing ideas online with other members of the
Arduino community.

There are many other microcontrollers and microcontroller platforms available for physical
computing. Parallax Basic Stamp, Netmedia's BX-24, Phidgets, MIT's Handyboard, and many
others offer similar functionality. All of these tools take the messy details of microcontroller
programming and wrap it up in an easy-to-use package. Arduino also simplifies the process of
working with microcontrollers, but it offers some advantage for teachers, students, and interested
amateurs over other systems:

 Inexpensive - Arduino boards are relatively inexpensive compared to other

microcontroller platforms. The least expensive version of the Arduino module can be
assembled by hand, and even the pre-assembled Arduino modules cost less than $50
 Cross-platform - The Arduino Software (IDE) runs on Windows, Macintosh OSX, and
Linux operating systems. Most microcontroller systems are limited to Windows.
 Simple, clear programming environment - The Arduino Software (IDE) is easy-to-use for
beginners, yet flexible enough for advanced users to take advantage of as well. For
teachers, it's conveniently based on the Processing programming environment, so
students learning to program in that environment will be familiar with how the Arduino
IDE works.

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  Open source and extensible software - The Arduino software is published as open source
tools, available for extension by experienced programmers. The language can be
expanded through C++ libraries, and people wanting to understand the technical details
can make the leap from Arduino to the AVR C programming language on which it's
based. Similarly, you can add AVR-C code directly into your Arduino programs if you
want to.

2.3.4 Hardware Specifications

 Microcontroller: ATmega328

 Operating Voltage: 5V
 Input Voltage (recommended):7-12V
 Input Voltage (limits): 620V
 Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
 Analog Input Pins: 6
 DC Current per I/O Pin: 40 mA
 DC Current for 3.3V Pin: 50 mA
 Flash Memory: 32 KB (ATmega328)
 SRAM: 2 KB (ATmega328)
 EEPROM: 1 KB (ATmega328)
 Clock Speed: 16 MHz

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2.3.5 Arduino Family

Figure 1 : Arduino Uno / Arduino Leonardo / Arduino Mega ADK and Arduino Ethernet

Figure 2 : Arduino Deo / Arduino Yun / Arduino Mega 2560 & Arduino Mini

2.3.5.1 Arduino Mega 2560

The Arduino Mega 2560 is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560. It has 54 digital
input/output pins, 16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal
oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains
everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB
cable or power it with an AC – to- DC adapter or battery to get started. The Mega is compatible
with most shields designed for the Arduino Duemilanover or Diecimila.

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2.3.5.1.1 Specifications
 Microcontroller – Atmega 2560
 Operating Voltage – 5V
 Input Voltage (recommended) – 7 – 12V
 Input Voltage (limits) – 6 – 20V
 Digital I/O Pins – 54 (of which 14 provide PWM output)
 Analog Input Pins – 16
 DC Current per I/O pin – 40mA
 DC Current for 3.3V Pin – 50mA
 Flash Memory – 256 KB of which 8 KB used by bootloader
 SRAM – 8 KB
 EEPROM – 4KB
 Clock Speed – 16 MHz

2.3.6 HC- SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

Figure 3 : HC- SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

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2.3.6.1 Ultrasonic Sensor Pin Configuration

Table 1 : Ultrasonic Sensor Pin Configuration

Pin Number Pin Name Description

1 Vcc The Vcc Pin powers the
sensor, typically wit +5V
2 Trigger Trigger pin is an Input pin.
This pin has to be kept high
for 10us to initialize
measurement by sending US
wave
3 Echo Echo pin is an output pin. This
pin goes high for a period of
time which will be equal to the
time taken for the US wave to
return back to the sensor.
4 Ground This in is connected to the
ground of the system.

2.3.6.2 HC- SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor Features

 Operating voltage is +5V
 Theoretical measure distance: 2cm to 450cm
 Practical Measuring Distance: 2cm to 80cm
 Accuracy: 3mm
 Measuring angle covered less than 15 degrees
 Operating current less than 15mA
 Operating Frequency: 40Hz

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2.3.6.3 Equivalent distance measuring Sensors
 US transmitter Receiver pair
 IR sensor module
 IR sensor pair
 IR analog distance sensor

2.3.6.4 HC- SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor – Working

As shown above the HC- SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor is a 4 pin module, whose in names are Vcc,
Trigger, Echo and ground respectively. This sensor used in many applications where measuring
distance or sensing objects are required. The module has two eyes like projects are required. The
module has two eyes like projects in the front which forms the ultrasonic transmitter and
receiver. The sensor works with the simple high school formula that

Sped = Speed * Time

The Ultrasonic transmitter transmits an ultrasonic wave, this wave ravels in air and when it gets
objected by any material it gets reflected back toward the sensor this reflected back towards the
sensor this reflected wave is observed by the Ultrasonic receiver module as shown in the picture
below

Figure 4 : Ultra Sonic sensor working principle

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Now, to calculate the distance using the above formulae, we should know the seed and time.
Since we are using the Ultrasonic wave we know the Universal wave we know the universal
speed of US wave at room conditions which is 330 m/s. The circuitry inbuilt of the module will
calculate the time taken for the US wave to come back and turns on the echo in high for the US
wave to come back and turns on the echo pin high for that same particular amount of time, this
way we can also know the time taken. Now simple calculate the distance using a microcontroller
or microprocessor

2.3.6.5 How to use the HC – SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

HC – SR04 distance sensor is commonly used with both microcontroller and microprocessor
platforms like Arduino,ARM,PIC, Raspberry Pie etc. The following guide is universally since it
has to be followed irrespective of the type of computational device used.

Power the sensor using a regulated +5V through the Vcc ad Ground pins of the sensor. The cut
consumed by the sensor is less than 15A and hence can be directly powered by the on board 5V
pins (If available). The Trigger and the eco pins are both I/O pins and hence they can be
connected to I/O ins of the microcontroller. To start the measurement the trigger pin has to be
made high for 10us and then turned off. This action will trigger an ultrasonic wave at frequency
of 4H from the transmitter and the receiver will wait for the wave to return. Once the wave is
returned after it getting reflected by an object the echo pin goes high for a particular amount of
tie which will be equal to the time taken for the wave to return back to the sensor.

The amount of time during which the Echo pin stays high is measured by the MCU/MPU as it
gives the information about the time taken for the wave to return back to the Sensor. Using this
information the distance is measured as explained in the above heading.

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2.3.7 HC-05-Bluetooth module
HC module is an easy to use Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol) module, designed for
transparent wireless serial connection setup.

Serial port Bluetooth module is fully qualified Bluetooth V2.0 + EDR (Enhanced Data Rate)
3Mbps Modulation with complete 2.4 GHz radio transceiver and based. It uses CSR Bluecore
04-External single chip Bluetooth system with CMOS technology and with AFH(Adaptive
Frequency Hopping Feature). It has the footprint as small as 12.7mmx27mm. Hope it will
simplify your overall design/development cycle.

Figure 5 : HC-05 Bluetooth module

2.3.7.1 Pin configuration

Table 2 : Pin Configuration

Pin Number Pin Name Description

1 Enable/ Key This pin is used to toggle
between Data Mode(set low)
and AT command mode (set
high). By default it is in Data
mode.
2 Vcc Powers the module. Connect
to +5Vsupply voltage
3 Ground Ground pin of module,
connect to system ground

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4 TX - Transmitter Transmits serial data.
Everything received via
Bluetooth will be given out y
this pin as serial data
5 RX- Receiver Receive serial data. Every
serial data given to this pin
will be broadcasted via
Bluetooth
6 State The state pin is connected to
on board LED, it can be used
as a feedback to check if
Bluetooth is working properly
7 LED Indicates the status of Module
 Blink one in 2 seconds
Module has entered
command mode
 Repeated Blinking:
Waiting for connection in
Data Mode
 Blink twice in 1 second
connection successful in
Data Mode
8 Button Used to control the
Key/Enable pin to toggle
between Data and Command
Mode

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2.3.7.2 HC 05 Default Settings
 Default Bluetooth Name: HC – 05
 Default password: 1234 or 0000
 Default communication: Slave
 Default mode: Data Mode
 Default Mode Baud Rate: 9600,8,N,1
 Command Mode Baud Rate: 38400,8,N,1
 Default firmware: LINVOR

2.3.7.3 HC 05 Specifications
 Serial Bluetooth module for Arduino and other microcontrollers
 Operating Voltage: 4V to 6V(Typically +5V)
 Operating Current: 30Ma
 Range: less than 100m
 Works with Serial communication (USART) and TTLcompatible
 Follows IEEE 802.15.1 standardize protocol
 Uses Frequency – Hopping Spread spectrum (FHSS)
 Can operate in master, slave or master/ Slave mode
 Can be easily interfaced with Laptop or Mobile phones with Bluetooth
 Supported baud rate: 9600,19200,38400,57600,115200,230400

2.3.7.4 How to use the HC-05 Bluetooth module

The HC-05 has two operating modes, one is the Data mode in which it can send and receive data
from other is the AT Command mode where the default device settings can be changed. We can
operate the device in either of these two modes by using the key pin has explained in the pin
description.

It is very easy to pair the HC-05 module with microcontrollers because it operates using the
Serial Port Protocol (SPP). Simply power the module with +5V and connect the Rx pin of the
module to the Tx of MCU and TX pin of module to Rx of MCU as shown in the figure.

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 Figure 6 : Bluetooth Module Pin Configuration

During power up the key in pin can be grounded to enter into Command mode, if left free it will
by default enter into the data ode. As soon as the module is powered should be able to discover
the Bluetooth device as “ HC-05 ” then connect with it using the default password 1234 and start
communicating with it.

2.3.8 Flame Sensor

Figure 7 Flame Sensor

The flame sensor is used to detect the presence of fire or other infrared source (Flame or a light
source of a wavelength in the range of 760 nm to 1100 nm can be detected). This module is
sensitive to the flame and radiation. It also can detect ordinary light source in the range of a
wavelength 760nm-1100 nm. The detection distance is up to 100 cm. The Flame sensor can
output digital or analog signal. It can be used as a flame alarm or in fire fighting robots

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2.3.8.1 Flame Sensor Pin Configuration
1) VCC -- 3.3V-5V voltage

2) GND – GND

3) DO -- board digital output interface (0 and 1

4) AO -- board analog output interface

2.3.8.2 Flame Sensor Features & Specifications

 Small and compact in size
 2 state binary output (logic high and low)
 Easy mounting with a screw hole.
 Detects a flame or a light source of a wavelength in the range of 760nm-1100 nm
 Detection distance: 20cm (4.8V) ~ 100cm (1V)
 Detection angle about 60 degrees, it is sensitive to the flame spectrum.
 Comparator chip LM393 makes module readings stable.
 Adjustable detection range.
 Operating voltage 3.3V-5V
 Digital and Analog Output DO digital switch outputs (0 and 1) AO analog voltage output
 Power indicator and digital switch output indicator

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2.4 Budget Allocation
Table 3 : Preliminary Budget of the Project

Preliminary Budget

Description Quantity Unit Rate (Rs.) Amount(Rs.)

Arduino board Uno 5 nr 1500.00 7500.00
Motion sensor 3 nr 220.00 660.00
Relay (5V) single 12 nr 200.00 2400.00
Flame sensor module 1 nr 250.00 250.00
Temperature sensor 1 nr 750.00 750.00
Jumper wire 64 pieces pack 1 nr 500.00 500.00
Rechargeable Battery 12V 1 nr 1750.00 1750.00
Humidity sensor 1 nr 130.00 130.00
Bluetooth Module 1 nr 700.00 700.00
Wires 5A blue & brown 20 m 20.00 400.00
Power supply 12V 1 nr 2500.00 2500.00
Switches (small) 2 nr 50.00 100.00
Distance sensor module 1 nr 350.00 350.00
Solenoid Valve 1 nr 700.00 700.00
Transport Cost 1500.00
Total Amount 20190.00

This budget allocation helps to get an idea about the preliminary cost of the project and it defines
how we allocate the many for implementation of the project.

The preliminary budget was prepared after the survey analysis through the internet. This
preliminary budget was important to prepare real budget for the project. After preparing this
budget, it was presented to our Lecturer and we discussed about the budget.

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 Table 4 : Actual Budget

Actual Budget

Description Quantity Unit Rate (Rs.) Amount(Rs.)

Arduino board Uno 3 nr 1350.00 4050.00
Arduino MEGA 2560 board 1 nr 2200.00 2200.00
HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor 3 nr 250.00 750.00
Flame Sensor 1 nr 250.00 250.00
Bluetooth Module 1 nr 900.00 900.00
USB Charger 3 nr 350.00 1050.00
Printer cable 3 nr 370.00 1110.00
Solderless Breadboard 400 tie
point 1 200.00 200.00
5V Relay Single 2 350.00 700.00
5V Relay Dual 1 600.00 600.00
Two Way Switch 1 250.00 250.00
Buzzer 1 110.00 110.00
LED Bulbs 10 2.50 25.00
Jumper Wire female to female
40pcs 1 200.00 200.00
Jumper Wire male to female
40pcs 1 200.00 200.00
Jumper Wire male to male 40pcs 1 250.00 250.00
Stationary Cost 250.00
Telephone Cost 200.00
Printing Cost 1000.00
Other accessories item 1000.00
Wastage (5%) 764.75
Total Amount 16059.75

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2.5 Project Plan (Project Implementation Stages)

Project Plan is very much important to implement a project successfully. It gives clear idea to
submit the project under project activities within given time period. Firstly we prepared the
project activity plan and then the project plan was prepared. It is included main tasks and sub
tasks of the project with specific time periods. We had to take more time period to submit some
tasks and also some tasks couldn’t complete scheduled time period in the project plan. The total
time period of our project is 171 days from 26.01.2018 to 02.08.2018. This activity scheduled
helpful to realize our project successfully.

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 Table 5 : Project Activity Schedule

Task name Duration Start Finish

Implementing Building Automation Systems 171 days 2018.01.26 2018.08.02
1 Project introduction & identification 20 days 2018.01.26 2018.02.15
Discuss about how to automate the Lab and
what type of automation activities need for the
1.1 Lab
Identify & discuss the what type of security
1.2 systems are needed for the Lab
2 Feasibility study for the Project 13 days 2018.02.16 2018.03.01
3 Preparing the project proposal 15 days 2018.03.02 2018.03.17
3.1 Discuss about the project proposal
Prepare the power point presentation & present
3.2 it
3.3 Correction the project proposal
4 Design the project 18 days 2018.03.18 2018.04.05
4.1 Take the measurements of the BST lab
4.2 Draw the plan & layout drawings of the lab
Design how to install sensors, controllers,
detectors and other devices where need to be
4.3 install with drawing
Select required devices according to the
5 prepared design 8 days 2018.04.06 2018.04.14
6 Preparing the preliminary budget 6 days 2018.04.15 2018.04.21
Do the survey analysis of the required
7 equipment suppliers in Sri Lanka 12 days 2018.04.22 2018.05.04
Taking calls for suppliers & discuss with them
7.1 about their products
7.2 Search their products & their specifications
7.3 Select one substantially evaluated suppliers
8 Ordering the project equipment 18 days 2018.05.05 2018.05.23
9 Testing the equipment before installing 10 days 2018.05.24 2018.06.03
10 Project Implementation 31 days 2018.06.04 2018.07.05
11 Project report preparation 20 days 2018.07.06 2018.07.26
12 Submission the Project 6 days 2018.07.27 2018.08.02

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26
 Chapter 03. Project Implementation
3.1 Introduction
This chapter describes the project implementation and problem encountering at the designing
stage. Where, describes how we were programming the automation function, how we connected
the circuit and procedures.

3.2 Project Implementation (Basic project design steps)

 Decide what automation functions needed to be implemented for the laboratory.
 Measure the laboratory and draw the layout of the laboratory.
 By drawing decide the locations where field devices, sensors and controllers need to be
installed.
 Select the required sensors, controllers and other devices.
 Testing the equipment and installed the devices.

3.2.1 Equipment list

Table 6 : Equipment List

Equipment Quantity
Arduino UNO 3
Arduino Mega 2560 1
HC- SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor 3
Flame Sensor 1
Bluetooth Module 1
USB Charger 3
Data Cable 3
Breadboard 1
5V Relay Single 2
5V Relay Dual 1
Two Way Switch 1
Buzzer 1
LED Bulbs 5
Jumper wire 64 pieces pack 1

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3.2.2 Installing Procedure
1. Automatic lights and fans controlling by Bluetooth
 Firstly, the programming was done by using Arduino Programming software and the
Bluetooth module sensor were testing by connection to the Arduino board.
 Then whole circuit was prepared by connecting to the relay.
 Wiring connection was done.
 Whole Bluetooth sensor module system was installed.

2. Automatic lights controlling by Ultra Sonic Sensors

 Firstly, the programming was done for the Ultra Sonic sensor, it was tested by connection
to the Arduino board.
 There are four Ultra Sonic sensors used, the whole circuit was prepared by connecting to
the relay.
 Wiring connection was installed.
 Whole automatic lights controlling system by Ultra Sonic Sensors were installed.

3. Fire alarm system

 Firstly, the programming was done for the flame sensor, it was tested by connecting to
the Arduino board.
 Then whole circuit was prepared by connecting to a buzzer and relay.
 Wiring connection was installed.
 Then fire alarm system was installed.

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Figure 8 HC- SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor circuit

Figure 9 Automation system components

installing

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 Chapter 04. Project Outputs and Skill Developed
4.1 Introduction
This chapter will express above what kind of things that we gather from end of the project.
Specially design experiences, faced practical problem in the design stages, knowledge gap,
project planning and managerial skills, technical experiences and the outcomes are describe in
this chapter. And also we grabbed the skills of conceptual interpersonal and technical at the end
of the project. Those skills are also included in this chapter.

4.2 Outputs and Outcomes

Designing of any building automation system for a building is more valuable for energy saving.
Building automation systems help to reduce energy wastage cost and the additional maintenance
cost of the building. There were no any methods to reduce this wastage such as electricity before
we are implementing this project for the building service laboratory. Our project is the best
method to save energy in the laboratory. That is the major output for every students and other
people in university college Matara.

4.3 Conceptual Skills

The conceptual stages that we followed are roughly sketch making, project planning and
designing the project step by step.

4.4 Interpersonal Skills

Various kind of knowledgeable and skill persons can share the unknown knowledge between
each other’s. Our team was consisted of seven students with various knowledge and skills. Then
we could increase our interpersonal skills during the project.

4.5 Technical Skills

Specially building automation system design considered few of building services such as lighting
and fire detection. Designing a building automation system is a vast knowledge, however we
gained technical skills also from our implemented project.

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Conclusion

When we are planning the project, we selected our building services laboratory as the project
implemented location. We prioritized the basic requirements needed to be implemented in the
laboratory. According to our prioritized requirement list, firstly we decided to apply few of
building automation system for the laboratory. The second place of the priority requirement list
will take the specifications and regulations.

Before we are planning our project, there were no any building automation system in the
laboratory. We installed automatic lighting and fan controlling system via ultrasonic sensor and
Bluetooth module sensor and fire alarm system by using flame sensor. Building automation
system is a one of important category of ELV system. In here we used Arduino technology to
install sensors and other field devices in our project.

At the final stage of the project we gained the lot of both technical and practical knowledge and
skills regarding building automation system designing for the laboratory. Specially we realized
the knowledge of programming of system components of the project. And also the facts that we
realized conceptions of building automation systems, team work and leadership experiences,
interpersonal knowledge sharing, project planning and organizing and financial handling of the
project are the best experiences in our professional life. The experiences that we gained from the
project are the most valuable when we going to the job field. Finally we think our project is the
grateful and effective one for all.

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References

https://www.my+hub.lk

https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/Introduction

http://www.theorycircuit.com

https://www.robotshop.com

http://rogerbit.com

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Declaration

We certify that this project report does not incorporate without acknowledgement, any material
previously submitted for a degree and diploma in any university, and so the best of our
knowledge and belief it does not contain any material previously published or written by another
person, except where due reference is made in the text.

Name Reg. No. Signature

D.A.R. Shashikala MT/BST/F/15/0002 …………………

M.S.D. Kawshalya MT/BST/F/15/0003 …………………

K.K.L. Rasanga MT/BST/F/15/0004 …………………

P.Y. Paranamana MT/BST/F/15/0005 …………………

R.K.O. De Zoysa MT/BST/F/15/0007 …………………

D.D. Ranasingha MT/BST/F/15/0008 …………………

S.T. Abeysekara MT/BST/F/15/0009 …………………

Date : …………….

Supervisor’s Recommendation

Name Designation Signature

Mr. Naleen Karunasingha Course coordinator …………………..

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