The Black
Prince
30 Years War
Rommel at Caporetto
US & CAN - $24.99
With Complete Historical Game
• In-depth analysis
• Detailed maps
• Orders of battle
In future issues:
The Kosovo Legend
Insurgency in Algeria
Frederick the Great at War
Mussolini Rescued
and much, much more!
by David Higgins 38
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4 #260
30 Work in Progress
6 #260
and broke into groups for food and conversation. On Philip had expected the enemy to continue moving
returning to their places, the soldiers rested and awaited north, and was surprised when he received word of their
the coming battle. Around 4:00 p.m. the lead French units proximity and battle readiness. Because of the lateness
were seen approaching from the south. Their unfurled of the day and the tired condition of his army, which
battle banners declared they would give no quarter. had marched 18 miles since dawn, he ordered a halt to
As the English came to attention, a heavy rain passed reorganize for an attack to be conducted on the following
over and the longbowmen unstrung their weapons and morning. Consideration was given to making camp to
placed the strings protectively in their helmets, lest they the north to keep the emplaced English blocked, but the
become wet and stretch. French mounted men-at-arms around Estrées-lès-Crécy
10 #260
16 #260
20 #260
22 #260
Sources
Dupuy, Trevor. Elusive Victory. Dubuque: Kendall Hunt, 1992.
Glubb, John. The Story of the Arab Legion. London: Hoddon &
Stroughton, 1948.
Glubb, John. A Soldier With the Arabs. New York: Harper &
Brothers, 1957.
Herzon, Chaim. The Arab-Israeli Wars. New York: Random
House, 1982
28 #260
King Abdullah II
By any measure, King Abdullah II is a remarkable man. The king was
educated at England’s elite St. Edmunds School, and later the Eaglebrook
School and the Deerfield Academy in Massachusetts. From there he enrolled
at Sandhurst and, after graduating, was commissioned as second lieutenant
in 13/18th Royal Hussars Regiment. There he lead a reconnaissance troop in
the UK and Germany. Abdullah is even now honorary colonel-in-chief of the
13th/18th Descendent Regiment, the Light Dragoons, a high honor.
In 1985 he returned to Jordan where he was posted to the 3rd Royal Mecha-
nized Division, serving as a platoon and company commander in the 91st Tank
Brigade, and as battalion executive officer in the 17th Battalion, 2nd Royal Guards
Brigade. In 1992 he took command of the 2nd Armored Car Regiment, 40th
Armored Brigade. After that he became deputy commander of the Jordanian
Special Forces, and later went on to command the newly organized Special
Operations Command. Abdullah also spent time as an instructor with the Cobra
Helicopter Wing, and took several staff and command courses in the United
States and Great Britain, including a stint at the Armor School at Fort Knox.
He has also qualified as a frogman, pilot and parachutist. He had risen to the
rank of major general when his father King Hussein died on 7 February 1999.
Soon after, Abdullah became King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.
30 #260
32 #260
~Vernie Liebl
obsolescence. It fired a light round Ripley agreed to purchase a few In all cases, they were either request-
and had a short range. Woodruff said of the cannon, signing a contract for ed or accepted solely due to the lack
it could fire a solid shot 2,200 yards, 30 of them on 15 November. Both of anything better being available.
but its effective range was 700 yards. parties understood the guns were on When there was no enemy artil-
The ammunition was non-stan- trial. Woodruff had enough confi- lery in the field, the Woodruff Guns
dard lead, rather than the more typical dence in his invention to believe the didn’t hurt and sometimes helped.
iron. Even if it had been made of guns would prove so effective he When the Confederates had artillery
cheaper iron, it was a new size that would soon be mass-producing them. present, however, the Woodruff Guns
was incompatible with other Union Ripley viewed the trial order as a proved inadequate.
artillery. Finally, it was less effective small price to pay for quickly secur- The first instance in which they
than the model 1841 mountain how- ing the needed carbines, pistols and were deployed in combat was at
itzer, a brass piece that weighed 220 sabers. Clark’s Mill, Missouri, on 10 Novem-
lbs. and fired a standard 12 lb. ball. It The guns were soon being manu- ber 1862. There the 10th Illinois Vol-
had a 970 yard effective range, and factured. The barrels were produced unteer Cavalry found them outclassed
could fire shell as well as solid shot. by the Greenleaf Foundry, and the by the six-pounders accompanying
Woodruff was undeterred. Active carriages by Battel and Boyd. They their Confederate cavalry opponents.
in Illinois Republican politics before were delivered on 1 February 1862, The 10th Illinois’s six guns ended up
the war, he called in some political and Woodruff received payment in in Fort Davidson at Pilot Knob, Mis-
favors. Illinois Gov. Richard Yates March: $8,500 ($201,356) for 30 souri, where they were captured when
recommended Woodruff appeal the guns, fully equipped. Six more were the Confederates took that place on
decision directly to Abraham Lincoln. then ordered by the city of Quincy 25 September 1864.
Woodruff went to Washington for local defense. That purchase was The Woodruffs assigned to the 4th
in October 1861, where he met with almost certainly motivated by local Iowa gave similarly mixed service.
Lincoln. Lincoln was sympathetic, pride, as the value of light guns in Some soldiers swore by them, claim-
viewing Woodruff as a loyal Illinois fixed positions was limited, and it’s ing the guns could hit a man-sized
Republican with an idea that could hard to imagine any mobile municipal target at 440 yards. Others, including
help the Union cause. He therefore defenses were going to be required in William Forse Scott, who published
sent Woodruff to see Gen. Winfield northern Illinois. a memoir of his service in that unit,
Scott, the head of the Army. Wood- The operational history of the stated they were “utterly useless.”
ruff, stopped by Scott’s staff, was Woodruff Gun wasn’t as dismal as Woodruff Guns proved unequivo-
only allowed to send a written appeal. had been feared by Ripley, though cally useful only during Grierson’s
Scott upheld the original rejection. even its most ardent supporter Raid. That operation, through Missis-
Woodruff again saw Lincoln. This wouldn’t have described it as a war- sippi in April and May 1863 (fiction-
time Lincoln sent him to the Ord- winning weapon. The few actually alized in the 1959 John Wayne movie,
nance Department with a personal fielded were used by state cavalry The Horse Soldiers), was intended to
note. units in the west. distract Confederate attention while
At the same time, Illinois was Four to six served with the 2nd Grant moved south of Vicksburg.
raising a cavalry regiment. It had the Missouri State Militia Cavalry in Col. Benjamin Grierson started in
necessary men and horses, but lacked 1862. Another Missouri militia unit Lagrange, Tennessee, and ended up
weapons. Woodruff had meanwhile received four, purchased by the unit’s in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, with two
located 9,000 Belgian sabers, 1,500 leader. A section of Woodruff Guns of the three regiments with which
Colt revolvers and 1,500 carbines— was attached to the 4th Iowa Cavalry. he’d started. The third he’d sent back
enough for a cavalry brigade. He Six went to the 1st Illinois Volunteer to Lagrange to divert the pursuing
offered all that to Ripley, along with Light Artillery. Finally, six were sent Confederates.
the Woodruff Gun, in a package deal. to the 10th Illinois Volunteer Cavalry. Grierson took with him a battery
of six Woodruff Guns. They proved
well suited to his fast raiding tactics.
They could be moved quickly and
didn’t get bogged down in rough ter-
rain. At one point, when the going got
too muddy for the carriages, the guns
were packed on horseback.
Grierson detached individual guns
with two of the diversionary units he
spun off during the raid. The officers
of those columns used them to con-
fuse the pursuers as to their strength.
36 #260
T
hough allied with the Central Powers since the bidding war by, not surprisingly, offering more terri-
1882, Italy declared neutrality when World tory from Austria-Hungary than the Dual Monarchy was
War I began in August 1914. In the intervening willing to cede. The secret Treaty of London, signed in
years the Italians had become dependent on Allied trade April 1915, promised Italy the Trentino, Cisalpine Tirol,
and embroiled in a dispute with Austria-Hungary over Trieste, Istria, Dalmatia, Valona and the islands of the
what was termed the Italia Irredenta, or Unredeemed Dodecanese. They were generous promises insofar as
Italy. That region, which included Trentino and terri- the Allies were in no position to give those lands to the
tories near the headwaters of the Adriatic, was part of Italians at the time. Also overlooked in the agreement
the Austro-Hungarian Empire, but it was also home to were the 600,000 Slavs and 230,000 Germans in those
about 750,000 Italian-speaking residents. Italian politi- areas who were to become unwilling Italian citizens.
cians therefore came to ever more loudly proclaim any Italy declared war on Austria-Hungary on 23 May
war policy would have to be centered on the pursuit of 1915. Over the next year Italian troops launched five
Italy’s “natural boundaries.” offensives around the Isonzo River in the Julian Moun-
Throughout the first months of World War I, the Italian tains. By breaking through there and capturing the city
government negotiated with both the Central Powers and of Trieste on the Adriatic coast, the Italians believed
the Allies over the price of declaring the war. Their goal they would then be able to move into the surrounding
was to gain as much territory as possible. The Allies won territories.
38 #260
Italian
Second Army (Lt. Gen. Luigi Capello)
total: 25 Divisions, 346 battalions,
2,200 artillery
IV Corps (Gen. Cavaciocchi)
50th Division
43rd Division
46th Division
34th Division
XXVII Corps (Gen. Badoglio)
19th Division
Alpini group
65th Division
22nd Division
64th Division
VII Corps (Gen. Bongiovanni)
3rd Division
62nd Division
XXIV Corps (Gen. Caviglia)
10th Division
49th Division VIII Corps (Gen. Graziola)
68th Division 48th Division
II Corps (Gen. Albricci) 59th Division
8th Division 7th Division
44th Division XIV Corps
67th Division 25th Division
VI Corps (Gen. Lombardi) 30th Division
24th Division XXVIII Corps
66th Division 23rd Division
47th Division
The Slovenian town is now called Kobarid, but it was Twenty-four hours later the Germans
once known as Caporetto. In 1917, it was the scene of one were in Caporetto, guarding 10,000
of the worst defeats in Italian military history. To this day in Italian prisoners and cutting
Italy the old name of the town is synonymous with debacle. telephone lines while the
Fascist dictator Benito Mussolini later referred to the socialist Austro-Hungarian army
strike of 1922 (which failed miserably) as the “Caporetto of poured through the breach
Italian Socialism.” opened by Rommel’s com-
Among the others affected by the trauma of Caporetto mand.
was young Ernest Hemingway, who served as an ambulance With their communi-
driver for the Allies there, hauling the dead and dying away cations down, confusion
from the fighting, and that experience inspired him to write A and chaos prevailed on
Farewell to Arms. There was yet another notable at Caporetto, the Allied side. The high
one who would later to go on to become one of the most command took three days
famous generals of the 20th century—Erwin Rommel. to fully comprehend the
From 1915 to 1917 the Italian Army engaged in a seem- magnitude of the disaster. One million Italian troops began a
ingly endless string of Isonzo offensives, gradually clawing mass retreat toward Venice. The territory they’d seized during
its way into the South Tyrol region which Italy had ceded to two years of costly advances was abandoned to the enemy. The
Austria in 1866 and now hoped to retrieve. They managed Italians suffered 11,000 killed, 20,000 wounded and 275,000
to secure a strategic plateau by capturing the city of Gorizia. captured. Rommel had been the spear point of the massive
Alarmed by the Allies’ progress, the Austrians mobilized for a offensive, and he proved that in mobile warfare impatience
counteroffensive supported by their German Allies. The Ger- is a virtue.
man contingent included the Wurttemberg Mountain Battalion After the offensive’s initial advance, a Bavarian officer
of the elite Alpenkorps. In command of that battalion was ordered Rommel to halt and await a follow-on outfit. After
25-year-old Capt. Erwin Rommel. He quickly demonstrated briefly arguing, Rommel left the scene and simply resumed
his tactical acumen. his unit’s forward movement. On 25 October he outflanked the
Born in Heidenheim, Germany, Rommel’s father, Erwin Italians ahead of him, capturing Mt. Matajur, Kolovrat Ridge
senior, steered his son toward the military. The younger and several hundred surprised prisoners without firing a shot.
Rommel joined the 124th Wurttemberg Infantry Regiment as He then wheeled his force behind an Italian counterattack, as-
an officer cadet in 1910 and attended the military school in saulted it from the rear and took another 500 POWs, including
Danzig. He graduated in November 1911 and was commis- 12 officers. That brought his prisoner tally to 1,200. Leaving
sioned an officer in January 1912. a few of his older men to guard them, Rommel then pushed
On the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, his battalion two miles farther into enemy territory and cut
Rommel initially fought in France, then later in the Italian supply line. Leaving the bulk of his men to guard
Romania and Italy. He gained a reputation for the area they’d just secured, he took 150 troops farther south
making correct tactical decisions on the spur of to surprise an enemy brigade of over 2,000 men who quickly
the moment, instantly exploiting any confusion surrendered. They believed Rommel had to be followed by
or indecision on the part of the enemy. During a larger Central Powers’ force, and Rommel didn’t disabuse
the first three years of the war he suffered three them of that misconception. He then doubled back to capture
wounds and earned the Iron Cross first and the town of Jevszek and yet another 1,000 POWs, bringing
second class. For his frontline leader- his total to 5,000. There were more to follow.
ship in the mountains of western Rommel advanced on Mrzli Mountain, where he got an
Slovenia during the battles of the idea. Walking alone toward the Italian perimeter, he waved
Isonzo, he was awarded Prussia’s a white handkerchief and shouted to the defenders that his
highest decoration, the Pour le small unit was the vanguard of a big push. Thinking they
Merite. were about to be overwhelmed, 1,500 Italians dropped their
Late on the night of weapons, lifted the youthful German to their shoulders and
24 October 1917, a German shouted: “Evviva Germania!” (Long live Germany!”)
barrage of high explosive and The Wurttemberg Battalion, spearheaded by the 150
poison gas rounds provided troops with Rommel, had already captured 6,500 prisoners,
cover for assault troops who while their main objective, Mount Matajur, still lay ahead of
slipped through gaps between them.
Italian units along the front. Rommel’s commanding officer, a Maj. Sprosser, mistakenly
Lacking mobile reserves, the thought Mount Matajur was already secured, and ordered Rom-
Italians were thrown into dis- mel to move off in another direction. That directive came to most
order by those infiltration tactics. of the battalion before it came to Rommel, and the main body
44 #260
On his own volition, Below ordered his troops to victory. Rommel’s regiment captured 10,000 Fourth
force a crossing. On 2 November the Austro-Hungarian Army troops at Langerone on 9 November. Reaching the
55th Division captured a damaged bridge at Cornino, and Piave, the Central Powers stopped, since Below didn’t
his men fought their way across the river. A few miles have the strength or equipment to push across the river
south, at Pinzano, the German 12th Division followed suit. in the face of the solidifying Allied defense. The battle
In the breakthrough, the Italian 36th and 63rd Divisions drew to a close.
were cut off and surrendered. With the Tagliamento line
Behind the Debacle
flanked, Cadorna faced losing Third Army as well as
having Fourth Army cut off to the north. He therefore Caporetto was a major disaster for the Italians.
issued orders to both armies to withdraw to the Piave The Central Powers inflicted at least 30,000 killed and
River. wounded and, more significantly, took 296,000 prisoners.
They also captured an enormous amount of materiel,
Ludendorff also issued new orders: to continue the
including 3,000 guns. In addition, the entire Second
offensive to the Piave. He then also reinforced the Aus-
Army had disintegrated. In three weeks of fighting,
tro-Hungarian formations to the north for an advance
everything the Italians had accomplished in two years
south. Had those orders come sooner, as Conrad had
of bloodshed had been lost.
suggested months earlier, three Italian armies could
have been cut off and destroyed. For Ludendorff and Below the battle was an amaz-
ing tactical victory, but a limited strategic success.
By 11 November 1917 the Italians had withdrawn
The Austro-Hungarians gained significant territory in
behind the Piave, while two British and four French
northeastern Italy; the threat to Trieste was ended, and
divisions arrived to provide reinforcements. Cadorna was
the Italian nation was shaken. Had the Central Powers
relieved of command and replaced by Gen. Armando
committed more resources, Italy might have been forced
Diaz. The situation seemed to be stabilizing. Below con-
out of the war.
tinued the pursuit and occasionally scored a significant
strategy & tactics 45
T
hroughout the 16 century, European armies saw a
th
goals that were increasingly national in character. As a result,
transformation from their feudal origins into ever-larger companies and other independent units were organized into
mercenary and increasingly national forces. Infantry larger units such as squadrons and battalions. With larger units
was becoming important. In the 15th century, Swiss pikemen in the field, the need for drill was increased. Troops armed
proved they could engage and defeat feudal heavy cavalry in with gunpowder weapons needed to know such movements
open battle. In response, Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor as the countermarch in order to generate greater rates of fire.
(1508-19), organized the Landsknechte, professional infantry In general, commanders realized disciplined movements
armed in the same manner as the Swiss, though going them provided increased unit flexibility on the battlefield.
one better by making increasing use of the new gunpowder As the 17th century opened, European warfare underwent
weapons. The Landsknechte were originally to serve only the changes. Open battles were still common, but sieges were
Habsburg Empire, but they ended up fighting as mercenaries becoming increasingly important as fortification underwent
throughout Europe. a revolution. Fortresses were now built according to scien-
The Renaissance saw a new wave of wars with the rise tific principles to minimize the advantages of an attacker’s
of national states such as France and Spain, the attempts of artillery while maximizing the defender’s firepower. Sieges
Charles V (Holy Roman Emperor, 1519-56) to unify Europe, constituted a cost-effective, albeit more protracted, means to
the ongoing skirmishing with the Turks, and the emerging secure cities and towns. Growing armies strained logistics,
Protestant-Catholic conflict. Command and control needed and the strain increased as the distance from bases increased.
to adapt to ensure effective fighting forces, where “wastage When the system broke down, not only the army suffered but
rates” (death and desertion) could be as high as 25% per month also the civilian populace, as foraging turned into pillaging
on campaign and up to 50% in battle. Originally, Renaissance the countryside and looting the towns.
soldiers were grouped into small, autonomous units such as On the battlefield, dense, semi-static squares of pikemen
companies of 100 to 200 men, but the conditions of emerg- and musketeers had surpassed heavy cavalry as the dominant
ing modern warfare dictated the need for larger and more force. The increasing use of gunpowder small arms necessi-
structured formations. Armies campaigned longer and for tated cooperation between an army’s arquebusiers/musketeers
48 #260
New Regiments
Though tercios excelled in open battles, siege and vari-
ous forms of set-piece combat, Spain’s long-running war in
the Netherlands necessitated adjustments. In 1566 the Dutch
revolted against their Spanish overlords. Spain moved to crush
the rebels but found the battlefields in the Netherlands restricted
by canals and other impediments to open warfare. Maurice
of Nassau, the revolt’s great military leader, reorganized the
Dutch army and is usually credited for inventing linear tactics,
reducing unit depth and maximizing firepower.
All that forced the tercios to “re-lighten,” with depth
reduced to around 10 ranks per unit. Musketeers no longer
functioned well in the traditional manga corners due to the
reduction of depth and instead deployed in two groups, one
on each of the pike block’s flanks. Likewise, the added flank
protection provided by the “garrisons” was phased out as
the thinner ranks proved more flexible and enabled greater
concentrated firepower. By the opening of the Thirty Years
War, the Spanish army was taking on a new look.
The Habsburg clashes with Sweden’s King Gustavus Adol-
phus at Breitenfeld (1631) and Luetzen (1632) completed the
transition. The traditional “Spanish square” tercios were out-
moded. That was recognized by Spanish military thinkers. At
Luetzen, for example, Albrecht von Wallenstein, commanding
the Habsburg army, deployed his tercios in shallow formations
in order to counter Swedish fire tactics. Now “auxiliary” tercios
were being raised, composed of 1,000 men in 10 companies.
They were followed in 1637 by “provincial” tercios with 1,200
strategy & tactics 51
On to Rocroi The
France declared war on Spain in 1635, seeking to adjust the European balance of power in
favor of itself. Louis XIII’s army at the time lacked discipline and was under-funded. Cardinal
Richelieu reinvigorated the army with a war ministry to build a new military organization,
First Gulf War
recruit soldiers and provide logistical support. Spain’s success with tercios prompted France
to incorporate their basic structure on a smaller scale. The French units were called regiments,
composed of one or more battalions. The latter were generally organized six-deep with pikemen Through a howling sand
in the center, flanked by musketeers. When deployed, the battalions would form a checkerboard
formation with an interval large enough to allow second-line and reserve battalions to pass storm, against the Iraqi
through the gaps. That gave the battalions space to maneuver, while allowing the front to be Republican Guard; the
solidified by moving up units from the rear. A high percentage of “shot” to pike (3:2) permitted
musketeer detachments to break-off and support the cavalry as needed. Cavalry commanders largest and most intense
were aggressive and capable of implementing wide sweeping maneuvers on the field.
The French system proved its worth at the battle of Rocroi (19 May 1643), where the regi-
tank battle of the First
ments smashed Spain’s tercios. By the end of the Thirty Years War, France’s military system Gulf War...
was in position to dominate Europe.
Sources
Parrot, David A. Strategy and Tactics in the Thirty Years’ War: The “Military Revolution”. Mil-
itärgeschichtliche Mitteilungen (MGM) 38, 1985, S. 7
Hoeven, Marco van der. Ed. Exercise of Arms Warfare in the Netherlands, 1568-1648. New York,
N.Y. 1997.
Basta, Giorgio. Il maestro di campo generale. Venice. 1606. [microfilm]
Il governo della cavalleria leggiera. Venice. 1612. [microfilm]
Cruso, John. Militarie Instructions for the cavallrie, or, Rules and directions for the service of
horse. Cambridge. 1644. [microfilm]
Cuesta, Julio Albi de la. De Pavía a Rocroi: Los tercios de infantería española en los siglos XVI y
XVII. Madrid. 1999.
Gheyn, Jacob de. The Exercise of Armes for Caliures, Musketts and Pikes. 1607. [microfilm]
Markham, Gervase. The Souldiers Grammer. 1627. [microfilm]
The Souldiers Exercise. 1639. [microfilm]
Brockington, William S. ed. Monro His Expedition with the Worthy Scots Regiment. 1637.
Available at
Parker, Geoffrey. The army of Flanders and the Spanish Road, 1567-1659: the logistics of Spanish
victory and defeat in the Low Countries’ Wars. Cambridge. 2004.
Quatrefages, René. Los tercios españoles (1567-1577). Madrid. 1979.
Ward, Robert. Anima’dversions of warre; or, A militarie magazine of the truest rules, and ablest
instructions, for the managing of warre. London. 1639.
Watts, William. The Swedish Intelligencer, Part III. London. 1633.
Amazon
The Swedish Intelligencer, Part I. London. 1634.
Wallhausen, Johann Jacobi von. Corpus militare. Hanover, [1617]). [microfilm]
Art militaire a cheval. 1621. [microfilm]
Swedish General Staff. Sveriges Krig 1611-1632, I-IV. Stockholm. 1939.
www.gulfwarone.com
strategy & tactics 57
The Mega-Feedback survey was run in issue before proceeding and appreciate the feedback
#258 and was posted on the S&T website. Total comments respondents provided about the vari-
responses ran about the same as last time while ous possibilities.
the proportion of responses coming in through One area we are proceeding with is the Spe-
the web page continued to climb. We cut the cial Editions. We’ve decided to begin publishing
response postcard due to the reality that the price the Special Edition topics once every two years.
of printing 15,000 postcards to get less than The next Special Edition will be Russian Civil
100 responses via postcards is not worth it; the War in issue #267. We’ll continue publishing a
respondents who mail in their feedback also tend Special Edition every two years and expect the
to add a lot of comments that take up more than era category for the Special Edition to vary each
a postcard’s worth of space so we used to get the time.
postcard plus a letter. Now for the game proposals! It’s another
In addition to the customary game propos- mixed bag of new designers and returning
als, we asked other questions about the focus designers. Veteran designer Joseph Miranda
of future magazines we are considering and was the only designer to be selected more than
the possible formats. The response to starting once (Lions Sailed, Anaconda, and Russian Civil
another magazine was quite positive although War). Returning designers include several regu-
a shade less than our WWII magazine World at lars: Javier Romero (Pacific War), Brian Train
War. At this stage, we were more interested in & Ty Bomba (Reichswehr), and Paul Youde
the responses about the various format possi- (Tobruk). Also welcome to all the new design-
bilities: Game versus No Game, Board versus ers: Robert Cowling (Lepanto), William Nester
Computer, and a Game in every issue versus an (Ticondaroga), Dan Cooper (Irish Uprising),
annual Special Edition. In these areas the re- and Roger Deal with new scenarios for a Joseph
sponse was decisive about there being a game in Miranda design in the Special Edition (Sun
the magazine and that the games be board games Never Sets 2).
rather than computer games. Whether a game
was included in every issue or once a year or
what the topic of a new magazine was more of a
split result. We’ll be conducting further research
58 #260
Contents:
• 176 Die cut counters • Player Aid cards $50 Available Now!
• 1 34” x 22” Map • 1 Die
• Rule booklet • Storage bags PO Box 21598
Bakersfield CA 93390
661/587-9633 • fax 661/587-5031 • www.decisiongames.com
Name
Address Shipping Charges (Rates are subject to change without notice.)
City/State/Zip 1st unit Adt’l units Type of Service
Country $12 $2 UPS Ground/USPS Priority Mail add $5
24 3 Canada
V/MC # Exp.
34 3 Europe, South America, Asia
Signature 36 5 Australia
Phone #
strategy & tactics 59
Game Contents:
• 352 5/8” Counters
• One 34x22” Full-Color Game Map
• 55 Event Cards
• Rules Booklet
• Historical Study Booklet
• Player Aid Cards.
Game Scale
Time: each turn equals 15 minutes in the basic game,
30 in the extended game.
Units: companies for both sides.
Map: each hex equals 275 yards (250 meters).
Players: one or two.
60 #260
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