DEVELOPMENTS IN PETROLEUM SCIENCE 6 fundamentals of numerical reservoir simulation DONALD W. PEACEMAN ELSEVIERCONTEN' PREFACE, Chapter 1, DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS FOR FLOW IN RESERVOIRS Introduction Single-phase flow. Darcy's law : ab One-dimensional, single-phase, compressible flow ‘Two-dimensional, single-phase, compressible flow ‘Three-dimensional, single-phase, compressible flow Differential operators General equation for single-phase flow. Boundary conditions Special cases of single-phase flow Ideal liquid of constant compressibility Liquids of slight compressibility Ideal gas Incompressible flow. ‘types of second-order differential equations. Parabolie equations liptic equations Hyperbolic equations Classification of equations. First-order hyperbolic equations "Two-phase flow. Introduction. Darey’s law Conservation of each phase ‘The differential equations for two-phase flow Alternative differential equations for two-phase flow Pressure differential equation é ‘Characterization of pressure differential equation Total velocity for incompressible ease Saturation differential equation Characterization of saturation equation Diffusion-conveetion equation . Nature of saturation equation One-dimensional ea aeee-phase flow. Introduction. Darey's law Conservation of each phase Differential equations Alternative form of differential equations low with change of phase ‘The xencral compositional model ‘Component balancesDtesentiat espa Augiliary sedation Phe black vil mod Simplified, two-component, hydrucnrhon system Differential equations for biaek-oil modet Limited compositional model ct ‘Two-component hydrocarbon system with volatility Differential equations ‘Summary, Nomenclature Chapter 2. ELEMENTARY FINITE DIFFERENCES. Introduetion. .. 2... First-difference quotients Second-difference quotients Grid systems... Block-centered grid Point centered grid Comparison of the two grids ‘Truncation error . : Nomenclature. Chapter 3. NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF PARABOLIC PROBLEMS IN ONE DEPENDENT VARIABLE . oe ‘The forward-difference equation Stability by harmonie analysis (the von Neumann crite Implicit difference equations ‘The backward-difference equation ‘The tridiagonal algorithm : ‘The Crank-Nicolson difference equation . Other explicit difference equations A time-centered explicit equation. The Dufort-Frankel approximation ‘Multidimensional problems Forward-difference equation Implicit difference equations Alternating-direction methods ‘The Peaceman-Rachford method » ‘The Dougla-Rachford method. ‘The Brian and Douglas methods Nomenelature. : a) Chapter 4. NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF FIRST-ORDER HYPERBOLIC PROBLEMS IN ONE DEPENDENT VARIABLE... , . - Introduction, Difference equations Distance-weighting. ‘Time-weighting L General form of difference equation Linearization of difference equation 65 65 65 66 66 68 uty Slabihly of eontered-in-aistanee eauations Stability of backward-in-distanee equations Stability of forward in-distance equations ‘Truncation error analysis—numerieal dispersion, Local truneation error Numerical dispersion ct Superposition of numerical and physical dispersion Example caleulations .. Purpose and details of eaicuiations Solutions showing numerical dispersion. Solutions without numerical dispersion Unstable solutions ‘Summary, Nomenclature. Chapter 5. NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS IN ONE DEPENDENT VARIABLE . ef Elliptic difference equations Formulation, L Matrix notation; the structure of the coefficient matrix Direct solution of band matrix equations by factorization, Application of band algorithm to two-dimensional problems. Standard ordering Nonstandard orderings Iterative methods for solving elliptic problems Point relaxation methods Introduction... . Southwell relaxation : a Gauss-Seidel method (method of successive displacemenis) Successive overrelaxation (SOR), woe : ‘Method of simultaneous displacements (Jacobi method) Matrix representation of point-iteration methods. - ‘Jacobi method Successive overrelaxation ft ‘i Convergence rate for Jacobi iteration by harmonic analysis ‘i Error expansion for Dirichlet boundary conditions, point-centered grid _ Error expansion for Neumann boundary conditions, point-centered gird Error expansion for Neumann boundary conditions, block-eentered grid Convergence analysis for Neumann boundary conditions : Effect of anisotropy on convergence rate for Neumann boundary conditions Convergence rate for Dirichlet boundary conditions. Convergence rate for Jacobi iteration by eigenvalue analysis Definition of eigenvalues and eigenvectors Relation between convergence and eigenvalues - “Application to Jacobi iteration. Convergence rate for successive overrelaxati Property A. Eigenvalues of SOR iteration matrix : ‘More on eigenvalues of Jacobi iteration matrix |. || Relation between convergence of SOR and convergence of Jacobi mncthod . Convergence rate of method of suecessive displacements. Optimum parameter for SOR,