CONTENTS
1.0 SCOPE
This specification covers the requirements for construction of underground drainage systems.
2.0 REFERENCES
Process Industry Practices (PIP)
PIP CVC01015 Civil Design Criteria, October 2004
PIP CVS02100 Site Preparation, Excavation, and Backfill Specification, August 2003
PIP CVS02700 Underground Gravity Sewer Specification, October 2004
PIP CVI02720 Sewer Details, June 2004
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
ASTM C969 Standard Practice for Infiltration and Exfiltration Acceptance Testing of
Installed Precast Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines
ASTM D422 Standard Test Method for Particle - Size Analysis of Soils
Code of Federal Regulations: Safety and Health Regulations for Construction
29 CFR 1926 Subpart P - Excavations
3.0 EXCAVATION
3.1.1 General
All excavation and trenching shall be made in accordance with PIP CVS02100, OSHA
standards, and Company's local requirements and guidelines for the following:
1. Shoring, bracing, and/or sloping wall construction.
2. Marking, flagging, and protecting open excavations.
3. Permitting and confined space entry requirements.
4. Employing excavation-competent person (ECP).
5. Handling and storing excavated materials.
Less than or equal to 30 inches (762 mm) O.D. + 20 inches (508 mm)
Greater than 30 inches (762 mm) O.D. + 24 inches (610 mm)
The trench depth shall be based on the specified invert of the pipe plus the bedding
requirements as specified in this Specification and in the contract documents.
3.1.7 Bedding
1. Bedding Material
a. Bedding material shall be granular and well graded. All material shall pass a
½-inch sieve and shall be at least 90% retained on No. 200 (75 microns) sieve as
determined in accordance with ASTM D422.
b. Bedding material shall be compacted to a density approximately that of the undis-
turbed site soil materials.
2. Basic Requirements
a. Compacted bedding shall cover the full width of the trench with a minimum thick-
ness equal to 6 inches (152 mm) or ¼ of the outside diameter of the pipe barrel,
whichever is greater.
b. The pipe bed shall provide uniform bearing for the bottom of the pipe.
c. Localized loading and differential settlement shall be minimized where the pipe
crosses other utilities or subsurface structures or in areas having special founda-
tions such as pile caps or sheeting. A cushion of bedding shall be provided
between the pipe and any such point of localized loading.
3. Bedding Classes
a. Bedding in general shall conform to one of the classes in accordance with
PIP CVS02700 Section 4.3.4.6.
b. Bedding for box culverts shall conform to one of the classes in accordance with
PIP CVS02700 Section 4.3.4.7.
3. Rangers, whalers, and braces shall be left in place as required to support cutoff sheet-
ing.
4. If timber sheeting is used, it shall be treated as a permanent structure and treated
against biological degradation.
3.5 Dewatering
3.5.1 General
1. Dewatering shall be carried out continuously (24 hrs/day) while work is being carried
out.
2. Water shall not be allowed to accumulate in excavations. Subsurface water flowing
into excavations shall be removed by pumping or if possible by gravity drainage.
3. Liquids which accumulate in trenches shall be removed. Disposal of liquids removed
from trenches shall be in accordance with Company instructions.
4. The length of open trench shall be limited to that which can be dewatered with meth-
ods and equipment available.
3.5.2 Equipment
Equipment necessary to collect and discharge water away from excavations, such as
pumps, sumps, suction and discharge lines, and all other dewatering system components,
shall be provided, installed, and maintained.
4.1 General
1. Manholes, catch basins, dry boxes, etc., shall be constructed in accordance with
PIP CVI02720.
2. The Contractor shall construct manholes, catch basins, area drains, drainage sumps, and other
appurtenances as shown on the construction drawings.
5.1 General
1. Nothing shall be installed in water or other liquids.
a. Pipe shall be laid true to line and grade and kept clean and sound.
b. Pipe laying and joining shall be carried out in a dry trench.
2. Each fitting and piece of pipe shall bear uniformly along its entire length or barrel. Where the
Contractor has had to wedge or block up pipes, the sections of pipe between the wedges shall
be fully surrounded by backfill and compacted fully, the wedges or blocks removed and the
remaining sections of pipe fully surrounded with compacted backfill.
3. Pipe and fittings shall be carefully installed so that the completed system has a smooth invert.
6.0 JOINTING
6.1 Pipe
Jointing shall be in accordance with the methods recommended by the joint manufacturers.
7.0 TESTING
7.1 Procedure
7.1.1 General
1. The entire system shall be hydrotested according to a Company-approved plan pre-
pared by the Contractor.
2. The Contractor shall submit the plan to the Company for review at least 5 days prior to
testing.
3. The Contractor's plan shall include at least the following:
a. Schedule including at what points of completion the system will be tested.
b. Test procedures.
c. Re-test procedures (in case there are leaks).
4. Each section of the system shall be tested before that section is completely backfilled
so leaks can be spotted. Joints, couplings, bells, etc., shall remain completely exposed.
5. In systems with mortar joints, testing shall be done after the joints have developed suf-
ficient strength (at least 24 hours).
6. The entire system shall meet the allowable leakage requirement.
b. The system material. Concrete or cement components will absorb water, so the Contractor
shall fill the system and let it stand for 12 to 24 hours before topping off and testing.
c. The climate. In hot climates, either allow enough time for the (hot) pipe and (cool or
warm) water temperatures to come to equilibrium, or test in early morning or late evening
when the temperature difference might not be as large.
d. The sensitivity of your measuring system and test pressure.
8.0 BACKFILL
8.1 Compaction
8.1.1 General
1. All fill material shall be brought to an optimum moisture content range and compacted
to obtain a dry density of, unless specified otherwise, at least 90% of the maximum
dry density.
2. Backfill under roads shall be in accordance with the road construction specification
and be compacted to at least 95% of the max dry density.
3. The maximum dry density shall be obtained by the method of test for moisture-density
relations of soils (ASTM D422).
4. The maximum loose depth of any lift shall be 8 inches (203 mm).
8.2 Trenches
1. The trench shall be backfilled and compacted to a density equal to that specified on the con-
tract documents or equal to that of the adjacent in situ material.
2. Bedding and backfill for flexible pipe (for example, Spirolite and other plastics, corrugated
steel) must be placed and compacted with special care since the soil and pipe act together to
support loads. Be sure to follow manufacturer's instructions.
8.2.3 Placement
1. Initial Backfill
a. As soon as possible after making up joints, the Contractor shall place and compact
lifts in the space between the pipe and sides of the trench, with care to prevent
movement of the line or grade, until the compacted backfill reaches halfway up
the pipe.
b. All couplings, bells, joints, etc., shall remain exposed (for observation during
hydrotesting).
c. After hydrotesting, these areas shall be backfilled.
d. To avoid misalignment or damage to the pipe and joints, the Contractor shall work
on both sides at the same time while placing and compacting lifts.
e. Lifts shall be placed and compacted as follows:
2. Intermediate Backfill
a. After hydrotesting and final surveying, the Contractor shall place and compact
lifts until the compacted backfill extends 12 inches (305 mm) above the top of the
pipe.
b. The maximum loose depth of the lifts shall be 8 inches (203 mm).
3. Final Backfill
The remaining volume to be filled shall be placed and compacted as follows:
8.3 Appurtenances
10.0 MISCELLANEOUS