Engi-3434
Dr. Charles Xu @ Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University
Chemical Engineering
Thermodynamics
• Instructor: Dr. Charles Xu, P.Eng.
Associate Professor
Department of Chemical Engineering
Office: CB 1043
Phone: 343-8761
E-mail: cxu@lakeheadu.ca
Required Textbook
Introduction to
Chemical Engineering
Thermodynamics
Seventh Edition
2
Topics to be Discussed
Grading
4
About the Course Notes
All course notes (EXCEPT for solutions to some
example problems) will be available on the course
website:
Assignments:
About 4 ~ 5 assignments will be given during the course. The solutions will be
posted on the course website. Thus the assignments will not be marked. .
6
Why to Study Thermodynamics?
• A Chemical Engineer imaged by the Instructor
Chemical Process
and
Plant Design
Mass &
Co
Heat Transfers
mp
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Chemistry
Ma
ute
Fluid Dynamics
Process Control
r
Economics, Ethics
…..
n
The ctio
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dyn mo- e r de
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cs Kin reacto
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8
Some Basic Relations in Thermodynamics
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Four derivatives
Vt (m3/kg)
• Specific volume, V ≡
m
• Molar volume, Vt (m3/mol)
V ≡
n
m 1 (kg/m3)
• Specific density, ρ≡ =
Vt V
n 1
ρ ≡ t = (mol/m )
• Molar density, 3
V V 12
1.4 Force
Newton’s 2nd Law (SI units): F = ma
Where: F is force (Newton, N = kg ms-2), defined as that force
which accelerates 1 kg mass 1.0 ms-2
m is mass (kg)
a is acceleration (ms-2), 1 ms-2 = 3.2808 (ft)(s)-2.
The acceleration of gravity a = g = 9.81 ms-2
13
1.5 Temperature
• Temperature Scales
The Celsius scale: 0°C and 100°C correspond to the ice point (freezing point) and
the steam point (boiling point) of pure water at standard atmospheric pressure.
The Fahrenheit scale: t (°F ) = 1.8t (°C ) + 32 or t (°C ) = [t (°F ) – 32]×5/9
The Kelvin scale (absolute temperature): T (K) = t (°C ) + 273.15
The Rankine scale: T (R) = 1.8 T (K)
T (R) = t (°F ) + 459.67
Daniel Gabriel
Anders Celsius Fahrenheit (1686-1736)
(1701-1744)
Solutions
(a) Solution in SI units
Newton’s 2nd Law (SI units): F = ma
When a = g, the force from the Newton’s law is the force of gravity or weight, i.e.,
F = mg
F 730 N 730 kgms -2
m= = −2
= = 74.55kg
g 9.792 ms 9.792 ms − 2
Mass is independent of location, but the weight depends on the location (with different
local accelerations of gravity)! Thus
The mass on the moon is the same as in Houston, i.e., m (moon) = 74.55 kg
The weight on the moon is
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F (Moon) = mg (moon) = 74.55kg × 1.67 ms -2 = 124.5 kgms −2 = 124.5 N