o

BvU'-*.

D, A* airy\aN- f* lVW ",V*de a'd' b'^'l W

"* ah * /fr4 tflwhv LY bn'r, *1L htiniv,*,,*,
: d."n- @ &^rt+lra* '11"'- h"fr- 'l^t;o
D.
= +(-r+rr-{)
L\ t /
l*n
Xptuh.i, :-
Va*^,. rn
tt"r
f ztt
= y\n\,

Q"., )o
.

,D T
r-
vt
l-
#W*
wdro
'"&{d)
/--a

D. rv\rh
T*"
WruT b*G)ffi_
=ta)*_ffi_
I
t
tr v./t f,t-\ [*try
{kd-f
-__-

CAo

x
=l o\
d
(,.- *^) .cd.
tlilr,6o, J,,r17
: *[+- *)

*tr*+",rI
q A,W,fiPpWW,** @

.9+,ult" tfiat.
'A.
w P 3-l-r,4
P^rn- 6
4*r;-
\u^'r1pw : /L VA
ywin-

/ &N \l'
Il"t) =TLM
-r. !,D
,-
A
r_1
*{+ -) (?./
L%o
I n-
)\ U,
tnlflL ffi)',fu,,x
\4 I r &#{/,
tr*,
;65:i+
W
:+.J-
: I n1 l**r)
:- 3+n4
4vt_
z) Or,v.*- +r'r- d*f eflyreeil, @
q D= Av)+ 9- b) ?= ArP+ B- I

Hr,E^-". VL V

-./ D= Av'+ B
al

\'>'

..D + '6- J vz s'a' : bJv2s(a,1 K*)

D :. Y,.fS Cdu.vt+ l, J Yzs k-c: -

D : Urssq) v2-r- lrJsK v"t. ) o

t*^^ffiHWi,n
cL:
#n" -"@
A^b @ in@ ,v<-gr- f
-D = br vica) v'+ + J-sK,vz ffi;
z lbrru) v2 + I aNK\ -L
L* rrr.,y aat'tV
U'/v'
lrfsalo= * )
e Nk :
D-
'z'

J*s
-'..p = Au'+P-
v'
+@
 b) ?=- A#+P-. @
v'

?:TxV^

:( *,,t*+g) .V [t'- €vw

\ Y'/ "1,
? > Av3+ -.8
v

3) A^ a;yry \^td'ntay 49rs-ura N l"aoa' a/uttt

i.-: ar..a- \Qo*',LO *T bto* eaa"f*-f.s
V,h

C. bla"ag5ru' M'^ T
C4
= o.ot6 + o'o+
&,Ld, na,tru R
tr,Y{P^yilT lfr'- au\r
t*
ak an' abb*da-
b'^t
d?RA4 a,t 8<LA- ar''A

bX,w-L ,{T: o,9& , A3r*r^- 8'u. Lu^il Ao'"';W

,^.1 y>Lb
Vl*,
@
M .' N=&,frtDTDN'
E= *om/'
C^ = 9. olL.
K= O'O4'

Jr",rlrr-,
= l- z>b V l*n,
d,,,,,1\ "mfie, ,lF = g.rk +. o,x'
t^r;
 c
'f=
$opa
-
h f**tn Wd',

&
hr*,n_ 8.SO6vn r/ + Vo.otb X o.o4
lL6+1 .tt N,
E*,,,-

-
: N */s
(s**")
\ /ab
3a4.lunl
- t_[ &n{so-our: gl'_ rn/3
\\ t-zzax *a {o,orb /
tt+-4 J=o.7r,o& I-l
/ ax &'50-oeo
{ffi),^= tw/s
\ 0.7l.to8 x Ko
 t'u4= tv f.. 0o*,-)*,*,,
= '^ls '

VE-^),
t ''J=o.7.os ,
=lAt+r,
= l{) [qa,* ,_\=o.r,ror.

= nr P.

4) h, a,r"yL"*^- t"tu7+r^ lrsguto N aod l.1a^ q ry

glartp-.rto a)l-q % 1oo,L )E ArT Pnlo", rt.a q :D. D,.r.

.t -lo o& ct. ,*T U,rr;.t/- .* a$- d*LVTAL % ak,,

["t = o. tffi W^D. lUt !4fr,'*- P,"dd4 \-fr\^ a^d it i^
W ro d!a&r,d A*tnw owv & lnuo'ba celd^h,
*,
t)l nttilnttrv yUAL W W
ti, bt\,orrnurrra)
rla- y,
1it\r eap;.$bai,.*,> yl:dl *l.ag. b-ffuryry b lr.a,ln
*U*
,._
$r,rr*,
hl = l, r&, s-u-o \l ,
s 3k- = ax rP-,
-- 1o^2.
Cdr= o.otr
lu
=
)
k= D-o&.

J = o.t+q Vl*t
' 5rb
fi"d & e"*.,[^ u4.d I-
ti) Q*" = ta',*t ([,ril = +af,r t{affi)
I
 I
@
,il, @ y R*rf
^ritrNrra tr*
R';
* lr*in-

t'Y
tiiD r tt
\
%*,.*'*rh: (#Wf
Nn

Y) J* *f,q* anA l"rrr,r)

czL,,o* +'t^re.
q,.,1- *trf
WN
6 urt,f,^n^.,rrt P** 6taVr;NA k o'Tu b;r'*-
,V
h* \^")"dY b\yufdre h wtil,fuy,^ruo -tbrux ,tuqa1i,sue/^,
Q9

tL/.r)/d)NL g-/"^)* dLnY-Ev*-

)
Al-

(ovl /r4JrL Wotit s .

- U

t tl^&h;", t". r,,nh r,ilL. W

% ^ra, ^Wxad.
n

J
 I

s) AP **tr uiraa- ,^ru b^Va,4x*1^rr,9

waJ-A q +t*V han q lt.:*rryt 6\ Bo kN.
V,1ott;^Ar*vt
aL (ya. )'^A" q +tn *"A b#r)*r ata- ar"A t
|sok- l^* U a,o 1. ,rr+-* crritt b.e- fr",-
tl,l *nan)rw,'.t WbV U;-b '
O fulhk il)nb w',f,
o-Qr%-Pao:- k o.ots-+
€,r--
ufrtwn: - D.o* O,
h
ro = ,4.rDD h& , (Ih, kNI : 3o1 ros N

V= +a2k-/n" = 4rDoH n/s=lls"n/s

N
)s: a.+ xto3
4+t4s-
) ' = l&. It. *"
a.4 xtoS
G ,i,^a
--*-. '

h-rd@l
hr wo)
L
L"
A=r+E
.l tr;try
 I

[U XtuffiaL 0lr1.b @
* *l
9-o.r. :.si",{ Ll^ .r
err,.'-^J
z9vlr,dr-''r.. 3ox ro3
I

= o- Llqr
( L/-r) ,:, lli.
fi)NL
x Q.O* xo,o+Is

A: \ h^P
o+ h)'/
' t
l44r+s)
k = 3.o39.1

[R/")rT)mt
r (o s zns)(a'+* ,") q OB
l/-
A
.n<s)_ 1
|
Lr" t-22s ^ o.o t.s \ ffinrrnfl
-lb* o.sera.ot
t"r"r--qr^rq

I R/.)-_, = 4q.b mls.

u:rYbltL
Sr',* I- o .67(s'
L
,l
l4.h )
0=
mAfiw
37. 91"

1
 @
+) A- airp\-an- rys = Jwo
^r/'nz ; V= Asokrph fVV
ak bk,"t afiruaa- Vra Chua$,**Vc
^- a"fr*, fn_

*
)*n6.U,a;r,a v^npd,* +. fr,., (4"* + r) 0f + A+r) =.o
%
#*oL pr-u'od an/- fr",*- b da'r,'y it^

@
= 3uvo Nl-*,
t"Ys
Y - 4so bft" -- 4s, x .Q1-o73
36vo

ak 6k" @, J = o.bL
bl^'
-k
TqY,r , &e^o-,^r*).
ffJSV
fu* T-
: t
r' ar Su''.
frr, "l ','
Q4fl)aI'sn
fi
A
+f.n,- +D hdt"" tr'* o|w[af.,nn ,Tyo =t, f-
t-y/.
o, aq-r)

/90'tufu"

[tr'-*^+r(at'+x+) =D,
\'+\fl =o ); 3 hz-r- )'..+-t 4
\ tr,.i .-li )'.* =
-lt rl l-hx3xt
2x t-
) l^j
X). = -D.f t g-gq*L ) h++ : *o.l+t
-+v.ffitwf-
d:sse [
 F

lb. l*
%
+1,* $ot"o o
} =-Y I lrc
A
+ : (nrtt :
f S"t'v 9. gt x D.6t x lxs
n
P*ird % Lsn1af,,on,
k t.-U
aq.: B.'l n& Z
w
fiy- ),r- T*= 4 i.tzF Su-.

,-
\
A++. J-_
x* t "?T
ar,*,
3.1 x {x
o-5e z

3.7 !o .utz)
V F O.t
9,1 *g Soc.

Xo" \",+. T,L = 0 [*o .61b)

1.9o8 9ot.
G O.l? =
@ lfu
ryb.rn""t W*,eu % am ar^oylar*- U *far"o,tA
4 frw- &La,,,tua*
tr +o.y - lo fi^a o{r 'ri^'Jd*^ ?* .^itd*
f. o : D )n /;foo:Vqr l'1@t - +l^,L
X _ I,D ')/
)4. Tat".d \6,

I,,, : la.ffi J.xL = D.a.9t 2. o-t2ti

h,,, - ,)fi&.
'Yl =- o-^t /
A :2.O72.
[nof aWO'
tr Eo i*
T-t- t. gy
L.Ao i 4'a+4
t*u+1riilb.
L'tu-'
A

tD
B.ot>
=
1,, _ { [*o *q, f, G9= &.77t.r,-
n o-,.9
 r
- LCt" \+ %^,. I
Qs. ' cr.. -
:
cts. 'cr^
S.t*- *
= F,Cr^+u4c.d
C-s., cr4

S",q/"rr)
. - F..cr* + qo4.c.hr;
p*. cr. g c"6<;
wn; \

s", .
Wrn -f.-t.q, " -r. ,r-l
LW'"^- 'r* c-4-l
@ ?rcbw^
A Altt" ^W\A*r- SexdaTt & fWq oacfllot'*u un,,[,a

Lol lG"ph fo ltL f-*. t *+)torte pilrd % %"r(^b; d"t^d

Vo^t&*r anXGVIA*-
V= tol k ^^Pt Log x tL, = b.2g n/s.
-lSbov
\P= tlb- tol 7 x ( v\:ro
+ = l.q4 M/s,
&oo
€ -f:
P,,.rtd. \oxurLl.",lr'.^ t{;. A-Y
-JExrx.g*:t
T'-- 6=13'7s'+
Vc^dc^t- a^^^flltartr
-V* E b.*rp+
=
,
6.t oltry
- nT)*"z,n dot*
ahL ,1r,;.,r. *-,d.
lA''t
W*ry @ Lkxzdiatil-g,
: = latrnL , -ru 4P* = l7m , Nilfi, 6t +14,-- tu^?la,*-- k
ca'M'L

;151-7oo N , ln*gwrtat biL a)ra.-

^ = &*^Lr-tdV a,oryt = 4-z*,

t+h- _ h, - l"u+ \t g-[r-

*)
G" : C-o + CL [n-hJ.
CL :, e-N , AR:-8 .AR=!;V=Af
)a
t^ s. 6va
$r= 3-**z
b=l?,o,./ N_ 2r=ro'aNI, S = 11,*/ V = ?s"*ls , l= +. Lrn
eP * l.2zrb/-,
- '' ) Ea;?t tart u{tu*? &-'}O .
Ab,
CL:o;% =o.ob i
h : 9. 3;O, h. = D 'A+ A-.
Qt = €-lays,t:or "t65afi'r^rru*
: O .a+ ?n-
A4 = D.oq
f& dfl.t
o- = .-:
49
dd
: -e'5?
5
-: 0. o t Vrd"X*
t Ql,t
 l,Lzs_y &oax l1
l
AR= b2 +AR
{
E*
lq>
g. g1{

:
M,
4fl.
- V a\c
c_

c. = Gr, + C, ('lt-h").
Cn-n")

a
O- CIb = C-" + r o. As- o,2+)
O.(_W

tir- ,t.S.
= +-& x ei
= o.ob l) '- .32 e m4+ = O"579
Hn
= I,r" - l"r- -r- Y tta- t-
Hn : 0.84 - D.Bt+ o. sz s f or-q-3- \ -"3,
Lo'os/ [r

T,,t* = _l_ [c,, -qH") * *,\,

4Vq,
P"f \,r : o,
*ld, : 6'",- to.aosx o ,il-3P
!b
ll0.57SX 0.04
a-'

t ,* = -L.goef

:a1
 {

#' fut**,*y hao, %lpody t+goNl^^. ;4.^t

Nd &abtnh1'#' ao.rt a,^,
=AL= a.r p**fur-
' ir=o=o) f',, *= o.{
fi=
[ ot nl, = &o , & = r',
l

1ilL wl,ur* ,v-a.ff.v = o.L

Thit"ttlfu"* = 0,1 , .SE = l.es,r* nu^an-
^&^/arov d,wrd
ts o.6os ,,,-Qro= , f) 4 %nr=h=
-+ -t ^o.ro{ffir="
- t nE'-a-oob
@ A
y 3lE{*v,tr,
.= -0, yW
bs =-
Wry&,tr,,&_,Jffi
$...
' hh+t^r- trr|
,r"#rrff"-- nLeA}A 4" 1+,e_ .#K
+Yw ,AttL Wd ea l6ok"7t ln lr^^,) W ar,AtLW,
{fu
--,+i"d". P=-2 ) Aa=Ap,.xailt^=o^oUffs
fu^ a-y* P^

-fu1
@,
r-
L w-ho
rlrbi*btrud-v #(r- #)
Yt-rw

-o.r : (.- h)_ Q.a x Hi (r_r,

+o: A+ : tt -!uo,
h=- ho + 0&P
A'{,.,',,"- L = 0.&-r (h*,t U; L(v&,6,?Hq
,l
h = o.Lr + o,&r -- 0^h{ -"o

{$ir.1.t,

ejff3; :ffr-'")t%
rdc- \
[E-Jilk ln- h" oa4T7 +C)
tr*_=
uJhlary 0.q t5 LE aundyra*,;," tu'Eu'Wrdt k
'.-=',,r"'
-'.@ b"u^rr.

O= lrt' - 1,"- 0.2++7

= O,Lst 0.9, tTY = O. 41*

il: L+v*I
bs b- dq_.

o,hqr+ > o,As + 0. r) &^oDh-r !@

dP
dc+^
Co.rD

trr= ["5s* Yuw

(r: * \"1
=
&x Un o
l.elr1 Taox rooot
Jv".s
W)
CL l'lqT+'
dF
d - d.sx-.
M
F
:\.srg I t.flE-Y
Qt Dutch roll characteristic equation is given by

fi -gro * YC,,) A *(c roc", - c ric, *vc,o) -0

V V
Where 1=-(a,xi*,rlt-q, , (=damping ratio; @, is the natural frequency. From
the following data evaluate
C ,@n, period of oscillationT and period for halfting the amplitu de,Ty2.
cvp:'l-4 mls};.c,,:-0.76 s-t i c,p=4.49s2; cr,:01 v:54m/s
at sea revet ; ws=2200 N/m2
(MrT )
_(-t.q+sq*o.te)t * -1.4x4.76-l .4x0+54x4.49)
^, 54 54
72 -a.79il,+4.51=o

Therefbre 4t: -0.393 +2.087 i : -(a,iia4ji- €' :-ry x.iCI

.'- 0,-2.124; 6:0.1g5

Non'dimensional time ^t:

-Y--: 22oo :3.296air-sec
pgVS 1.226x9.81x54

3.296x22
Period of oscillatio * f:ry(t) 2.087
= 9.918 sec

Periori ro haiften the ampiitu<i .T,,r:4a92= ]!26(i.693) = 5.8t2 s""

rt -0.393 #
92 Aeroplane of wing loading 4000N/mz is flying
at sea level at 400kmph. The characteristic
equation for dynamic stability is )'2 +0.5.1+3
= 0. Estimate the period
r-- --- of osciilation and the
time to halfen the amplitude (April_May 2010Anna)

Roots of L2 +A.5.1.+3=0

4,2=;l'25t1.7t =ryxtk)
V:400kmph: I ll.l m/s

Non-dimensional time f == W 4000

air sec
pgSV 1.225x9.8tx1il-r =2-9933

tZr: 2.9933x2n
Time of oscillation
; -- a- = I I '0576 sec

Period required for halfening the amplit ud" ?f-O-Oqs)

T,,r_ _2.9933(_0-693)
q -4.25 =g-29? sec
. 186
-
q3 An aeroplane of weight3fi),(xx) Newton wing area 100m2 flies
at 6km altitude at speed of
400 kmph. The characteristic equation is given
.11+412 +lZ)"+16=0

a) Write Routh discreminrnt for thls.

-b) Find roob and sketch the naturewith
time -
c) For oscillati'ors, ompute the period and period for halfening the
amplitude .
d) Comment ol suct Gdlletbn.
.
Grffr r99s)

prlt + pr),'+ prl+ pr:0

11+411+12L+16=0

a\ p{rp, - popr'
.- -) ^^
tzx+x1-loxl-:3/.

. b) Roots 4 - 1(obtained by substitution)

By long division methodrdividing i1 +4A2 +i2z+i6 bt, ].+2we gpt .)-2 +z)..+g
Therefore = q.i- io
Lil:U46t
pat6kmaltitude is equalto 0.66 kd-, : V:400kmph:l I l.l I m/s

- :
/= W 300000
!! I{on-dimensionaltime
**=ffi=4.1?
airsec

- ?zo 4.17 x2r

Time of oscittation ' -=-;=-W=9-897sec;
Period required for halfening the amplitu ae
r r_i(q.eg, _ 4.17(4.693) = 2.g9sec
'q-l
d) Aeroplane is stable in all three modes,
),= -2 :rS":4==

----+'T..'*-
?1a=-l+2-'4+C'^
C-nvoJ--^* c,s.i lL)i-
q,-?,&.La.

ts-7
 An ai.craft with wing loading
2000N/m2 is in steady rever
The drag polar of the ai..raft fligtrt with a verocit5r of
is given by Cp:6.g25+0j05CL; l00m/s.
Assuming p=l.25kglmr;Cr=A-Oga;e=O-35r,;tr_rr,*=0-35;C.,
=0.06ar;Et=0-9,
determine the stability derivatives
Cr,o i Co.;C M,(ZOBgAnna)

c.tz

Coo c'!-
*Gr"* -+) c,
-L .avL-,
dc c,'
C.
da reAR =A+2reAR
rotp da )- -'_:-;
- teAR",
-iD
c.t.q __/?\
\-)
c,o : dC* iic,, dC
da = dC, da : @ - n,1di
ff ff.* da:. =
(h _ h,)c,
Lq
Because,,
I
h-position of Cg(-r.";
h, -position of neutral point
ho-position of aerodynamic center

h,,=ho*il1(l-!11
a da'
:c*o =(xrr-4)c* _*______(3)

W
\rrven = 2000N I mr; p = l.25kg / m3
F ;V =100m i .s

W 2000
=l;:l---
qsl =0.32
:-x1.25x1002

the given drag polar the drag

coefficient Co=0.025+0.05Cr2
I
= 0.05
reAR

und@, Co,:2xA 32x0 05x0. g:0.002

0
-
56
l

€
=0.35, a=0.08, ar=0-06,
d 4 =0.2s(assumed)V =+!L=0.35x3c
= I.05
S*c c

169
 hn:hs* Eri L1t _
ada 5: 0.25 + 0.9x I.05x 0.06 ..
('-o'3s) =o'7t
from@and@ o'*
Cro: (rc8 -0-7i)0.0S

= 0.C8r.* _0.056g

75 Explain damped oscillation, periodic_oscillation, undamped

naturar frequency, damping
;;lili:Jffi$,yffi[]1 o,.0"" d ifferen tiar equa tion J,,,,
"on.,* ;il;"
ts in a
- The differentiat equation in terms
of damping ratio
{ and undanrped naturat
ftequency arn is

ff*'fu'ff*'i*= f(t) rhis is standard form of second

order differentiar equation
with
constant coefficients.

For . x = xretr' --- i: xrieo ; i= xr),rea,

Substituting and simprifying we get

the characreristic equation,

).i' -* Zga;,ii i i:)n' ij

=

Theroots -7.,r: o,(-{ ti^fuii- -r1*ictt ; :

r! -{at,unclat = r,rf *1
soverns the damping of response and imagainary
ffiTlfflJ :.* ' parr aris the dampd

Note:

I' ( is positive and less than unity

.lr,rwillbe comprex and osciilation are damped
2' f is positive and greater
ur -
than unity \.rwillbe rear and negative and oscirations
are
periodic.
3. Roots real positive or negative
are called periodic,
4. Roots complex are called oscillatory.

Dampingratio=
E=-$:
^lrr'
+ *'

170
 dara.
rhrust per engine 20,000N; span _
Y::"f::::':.::: :1." l,yingr om ; wing
:l'i:,:: ::T::1 i, ":g,i: are.e 6om2;;;; ;;;,il,ls*.
ine losing all the thrust at a forward speed
of 75 m/s in level flight in sea
(2008 Nov-Dec Anna)

awing.moment due to asymmetic ttrrust

Nr = Thrust of one engine x Thrust arm
:20,000*
9:100000N-m
2
awing moment due to rudder deflection of 25."
i_
,U ::_ pfftS b a, dr
Z
I

: -I xt.225x752x60x | 5xa,x25
2
:77519531.25 a, Nm
zero side slip \T r Lr
i\':- -,- l\.. : U

10,0000 = 77519531_25 dr
a, --0.001291degree
%

153
63 A twin jet bngine folrowing data: Thrust per engine 10000 N; s
has the
wise distance between engines r0 m; wing area 50m2; wing
span rr
Rudder effectiveness -0.001/degree; Maximum permissible rudder
d
+20o; Determine rudder deflection to maintain zero sidestip
at loo nft
level flight at sea level with one engine compretely out
(April - May

Yawing moment due to asymmetric thrust

:10000x5
:
50000 Nm
Yawing mornent due to rudder deflection is
:l/2 x pv2s x b x Rudder effectiveness x Rudder deflection
ansle
Nr:i/ZxpV2SxbxorxSr
=l12 x 1.Z2Sx i002 x 5O x lO x (-0.001) x 6r
:3062,5 6r Nm
For equilibrium, Nr * N, :0
50000 - 3062.5 6r - 0
='= 5r = L6.325 degreer:

Rudder deflection required is 16.326 degress

?s An aircraft is tested in windtunnel. The details are given below.
Area of the wing :0.1m2 Sw
Mean aerodynamic chord :0.1 m2 e
Location of c.g
= 0.r5e
he
For tail ac from cg :0.17 m l-r
Horizontal tail area
= 0.02 m2 51
Wing setting angle :0o
Tail setting angle :2.7
I)ownwash eo:0 ddda:0.35
Wing lift slope :0.08/degree a
Tail lift slope :O.l/degree 11
ZLA of wing : _1.5o 0[{}
Location of a-c of aircraft O.Z4e ho€
For wing body combination the moment about cg is
measured as -0.0I
0.05 for geometric angres of attack of ro and go-respectivery.
carcurate
coeflicient of moment about cg for moder as a geometric
angre of attack of
2oo4
in au$o"-Dec
Ai tt : io, C* = -u.ui & Cr&t d :i _(*i.5) is 0.0gx2.5 = 0.2
i Sri, 0.02x0.17
- :0.34
s.c 0.lxO.t

c^ : c^.+{rt-k.)",-V on,}
*{r-#)c,*
- 0-0 r : c *o+ (0.:s - o -24) -2- 034x
*i- {(r - o.:s) 0.2 + 0.1 (-2.7)l
o

"'c.o: -0,0513375
For q -t0l,Ct at l0-(_1.5) is 0.08x1 1.5 _0.92

t. c =-0.0s r + (0.: s - 0.24) 0.s2 0.34x# _ 0.35) 0.e z + 0.1(_z.t)l

^ - 1,,
C- = -0.0824

coefficient of moment abou[ c.g for the moirel at geometrical

a angh
attack of l0 degrees is
-0.0g24.
I

l
I
t

lt O" aeroplane has the following characteristics tift is found to be zero tt a

I geometric angle of attack o: -1.5o; at ct:5o Cr:0.52. Also.at u-lo and 7.88"
[ -o*"nt coefficient about c.g are measured as -0.01 and 0.05 respectively. The
I ".* location is 0.35c irv : 0 V =O.34 \ = :2,.'7o. Tail lift curve slope is 0.1 per
J d"g.r". to: 0 de/da: 0.35" At a:7.88o, calculate Cm .. of the aircraft.
0yov-nec 200s Anna) (GATE)
I
Lift curve slope of a wing,
I
:#h:o'08/degree
I :c,,.,*c,.(.h- hr)
co,
I c,,,:-0.0I & crat u: I -(-1.5) :0.2
I At q -1" is 0.08x2.5

I At a:5o c*:0.05 & Crat u:s-(-r.s) is0.08x6.5:a.52

'"0"'-1:,I5:T;(T-*)
If a:iii + i!.ii5 - {l^o+ i:-52ir-i. -a5 h, i
I Solving for C*o and ho,we get C^o: --o.032;h,:tJ.24
At a: 7.88o cL --[z.ss-(-r.s)]o.ot : 0.7504
I
If
I
c* - c +c,(.h- h,)-ri s( - +1.,
-.r'- "ai Lo,. da)-.
* on,1
,',
L-- \ )
|
- -'/ J

: -0.032+ 0.7s0a(0.3s - olz4)- 034[#(r - o.:s) x0.7504+ 0. r (-n))

Ir
II : -Lr.r,fi-r
rI1I
I
I
II
II
I
-
Ir i23
I: I
I
Ir
I
L1 An aeroplane has the following features.
Gross weight (W) = 2.25 x lg'tN
Wing planfor:m area Sq,: 19 rn2
Mean aerodynamic chor.d
,e . : 2.3 m
Ilorizontal tait planform area (Sa) :3.7 m2
Tail arm (I1):6 m
Tail efficiency factor (Ed:0.9
Lift curve slope of horizontal tait (ad = 0.0g = Gr
Elevator effectiven€ss a2 :0.3
For 5o dolvnrvard deflection of elevator
when Cl :0, Cmcg : 0.0 and
when.Cr : S.5. Cmcg :
-$.05
The airplane is fl;ring at an altitude where the
- - *--:i!Li
ambient densiiy
0.375 kg/m3. Calculate
l) Stabilier curve slope dCm/dCL
2) The elevator angre required for trim at a verocity
of 60 m/s.
3) Elevator control power
(Aprii-IYlay Zfrfia

c/ 3.7x6
Taii voiume ratio, y 'r2- _
- S*C 19x2.3 - 0"508
ar - 0.08 / deg .

E, =A.9; oz=0.3/ degree o.r

For an elevator deflection
e :5"
Ct=0 o.o5
Cr=0;
C, = A.5 ( - -0.0s
q*
dC
.m----...]_ -0.0s
.. =
dC, 0.5 - -0.1 -o-o5

-C)'I
 dc^ dc^
(t) stabilitvcurve slope =--o-l = Hn- 0.1 Q,y?"*zo
dC.
The pitching moment equation of complete aeroplane is
C,n:C^o*Cr(h,-h)-VCu

c^ = c^.*9,(t - r,.)-vv|?-#)c,+ar,l* azrt *

",e)
The tail setting angle Qr *e not being specifred, consider them
and tab angle F

negligibly - small, atCt-0;C^-A rl:-5o>

Pitching moment equation simplifies to ( R"'Sr P^Aeit;)

0 =c^,+o(h. -h\-rn,i+]i, -*,i,0+o * o,,7 no] * (r)

i

I i.n, 0:C*o-VE,orr7
'. C^,
-VE,orr1
[ 1O"*nward deflection is - u") ry = 0.508x0.9x0.3 (-O S)

1 = -o'68 s8

t At 60 m/s and at an altitude where p6:0.375 kg/-'for an aeroplane of gross

I weight 2.25 x 104 N of wing area S,yy': l9 m2,
2'25xioa __-=r,g+?
I c, = -
I - x0.375x602x19

j Paqe trs
,r, er"rut* angle required for trim at V - 60ml.s, from (1) tu4-

ttq
(3) rhe moment coefncient obtained per degree
:,*TJ#:1;:IJ.**, {
I
dcl
*' - -a';E'Ya' I

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