Introduction
Most of polymers need to add with specific ingredients to obtain
desirable properties.
Typical
yp additives include
filler materials,
Plasticizer
stabilizers,
colorants
flame retardants.
Fillers
3. M difi Æ to
Modifier t modifies
difi some polymeric
l i
properties.
¾ The aid of additives called plasticizers can :
¾ improved the flexibility, ductility, and toughness
Additives that
Additi th t counteract
t t these
th d t i ti processes are
deteriorative
called stabilizers.
Colorants
¾ Colorants impart a specific color to a polymer
¾ dyes
The molecules
Th l l iin a d
dye actually
t ll didissolve
l and
dbbecome partt
of the molecular structure of the polymer.
¾ pigments
pigments.
Pigments are filler materials that do not dissolve Æ but
remain as a separate phase;
The flammability
y resistance of the remaining g combustible
polymers enhanced by additives called flame retardants.
2. to improve
p o e tthe
e item's
te s appea
appearance
a ce