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Research note
a
Department of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, 42031 Konya, Turkey
b
Program of Agricultural Machinery, Technician Training Center, Inonu University, 44100 Malatya, Turkey
c
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, 42031 Konya, Turkey
Received 8 June 2002; accepted 26 February 2003
Abstract
In this study, some chemical and physical properties of faba bean (Vicia faba L. Var. major) grown up in Antalya region have
been determined. Chemical properties such as dry matter, total energy, crude protein, crude cellulose, crude oil, mineral elements––
Ca, P, K, Na, S, Al, Ba––and physical properties such as dimensions, weight, thickness, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, bulk
density, volume, porosity, projected area, 1000 grain mass, terminal velocity and the rupture strength of grains involved in the study.
The total energy, crude protein, crude cellulose and crude oil contents (as percentage in dry matter) of faba bean are found as
18.87 MJ/kg, 29.63%, 6.39% and 1.06% respectively, and all elements determined in the research are listed in the text. The values of
length, width, thickness, weight, geometric mean diameter and sphericity of faba bean are determined as 20.39, 14.54, 7.86 mm, 1.31
g, 13.25 mm and 0.651 for 10.90% moisture content, respectively. In the some moisture content, projected area, volume, 1000 grain
mass, bulk density, kernel density, porosity and terminal velocity were measured as 2.79 cm2 , 1210 mm3 , 1349.34 g, 608.17 kg/m3 ,
1248 kg/m3 , 51.48%, 4.94 m/s respectively. In addition, the rupture strength values of faba bean grains were varied between 310.83
and 542.38 N.
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Nomenclature
study, beside the determination of nutritional properties 2.2. Determination of physical properties
of faba bean; some of its physical properties have been
investigated. All physical properties of faba bean were determined
using 10 repetitions at the natural moisture content of
10.90% d.b.
To determine the size of the grains, 10 groups of
2. Material and methods samples consisting of 100 grains have been selected
randomly. Ten grains have been taken from each group
Faba bean, used in our research, was obtained from and their linear dimensions––length, width and thick-
the production of the year 1999 in Antalya, Turkey. ness––and projected areas have been measured. Linear
Broken pits, immature grains and foreign matters are dimensions were measured by a micrometer to an ac-
removed from approximately 10 kg products. In curacy of 0.01 mm.
all stages of trials, dry and mature grains have been Projected area of grains was determined by using a
used. digital camera (Kodak DC 240) and Sigma Scan Pro 5
program (Ayata, Yalcßın, & Kirisßßci, 1997; Trooien &
2.1. Chemical analysis Heermann, 1992).
The weight of grains and a thousand grain mass were
The samples were dried at 105 °C in preparation for measured by an electronic balance to an accuracy of
chemical analysis and were ground through a 1-mm 0.001 g. To evaluate 1000 grain mass, 100 randomly
screen with Perten laboratory mili-3100 (Perten Instru- selected grains from the bulk were averaged.
ments AB, Sweden). The bulk density (Pb ) was determined with a hecto-
The proximate composition of the faba bean was liter tester which was calibrated in kg per hectoliter
determined by the method of AOAC (1984). After the (Deshpande, Bal, & Ojha, 1993; Jain & Bal, 1997;
samples were prepared for proximate analysis, all minor Suthar & Das, 1996). The grains were dropped down
elements were determined using an ICP-AES (Vista se- into a bucket from a height of approximately 15 cm.
ries, Varian International AG, Switzerland). The pro- The excess grains were removed by sweeping the surface
perties of this Instrument are as follow outlined by of the bucket. The grains were not compressed in any
Skujins (1998). way.
The samples were analyzed for total energy with an The faba bean volume (V ) and its grain density (Pk ),
adiabatic oxygen bomb calorimeter (Parr Ins. Co, Mo- as a function of moisture content, were determined by
line). Triplicate samples were used to determine chemi- using the liquid displacement method. Toluene (C7 H8 )
cal composition. was used instead of water because it is absorbed by
grains to a lesser extent. Also, its surface tension is low,
Instrument ICP-AES (Varian-Vista) so that it fills even shallow dips in a grain and its dis-
RF power 0.7–105 kW (1.2–1.3 kW solution power is low (Mohsenin, 1970; O €
gu€t, 1998;
for axial) Sıtkei, 1976; Singh & Goswami, 1996).
Plasma gas flow rate 10.5–15 l/min (radial) 15 The terminal velocities of faba bean at different
(Ar) l/min (axial) moisture content were measured using an air column.
Auxiliary gas flow rate 1.5 l/min For each test, a sample was dropped into the air stream
(Ar) from the top of the air column, up which air was blown
Viewing height 5–12 to suspend the material in the air stream. The air velocity
Copy and reading time 1–5 s (max 60 s) near the location of the grain suspension was measured
Copy time 3 s (max 100 s) by electronic anemometer having a least count of 0.1 m/s
H. Hacısefero
gulları et al. / Journal of Food Engineering 60 (2003) 475–479 477
Table 1
Chemical composition of faba bean grain (% d.m.)