TENSES & NOUN

1. Tenses

A. Names of Tenses

Present 1. Present Tense

2. Present Continuous
3. Present Perfect
4. Present Perfect Continuous
Past 1. Past Tense
2. Past Continuous
3. Past Perfect
4. Past Perfect Continuous
Present Future 1. Present Future Tense
2. Present Future Continuous
3. Present Future Perfect
4. Present Future Perfect Continuous
Past Future 1. Past Future Tense
2. Past Future Continuous
3. Past Future Perfect
4. Past Future Perfect Continuous

B. Components of the Sentence

INDONESIA :S P O K
______________________________________________

ENGLISH :S V C M

S : Subject
V : Verb
C : Complement
M : Modifier

C. Sentence

Based on VERB, sentence is devided into 2:

 Non Verbal sentence in which the verb / predicate is not verb or verb to be
 Verbal sentence in which the verb / predicate is verb, and is devided into 2 sentences:
a. Verbal active
b. Verbal passive

D. Verb

There are 2 verbs; regular and irregular verb (see at appendix), both of them have 4 forms:
1. V1 – Present
2. V2 – Past
3. V3 – Past Participle

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 4. V4 – Present Participle

A. PRESENT
B. PAST
1. VERB TO BE
a. Present Tense: S + is/am/are + M
Example: She is at home everyday
b. Present Continuous: S + is/am/are + being + M
Example: She is being at home now
c. Present Perfect: S + has/have + been + M
Example: She has been at home already
d. Present Perfect Cont. : S + has/have been + being + M
Example: She has been being at home since 12 o’clock
2. VERBAL ACTIVE
a. Present Tense: S + V1/V1+s/es
Example: He works everyday
b. Present Continuous: S + is/am/are + V-ing
Example: He is working
c. Present Perfect: S + has/have + V3
Example: He has worked for three hours
d. Present Perfect Continuous: S + has/have been + Ving
Example: He has been working since 4 o’clock
3. VERBAL PASSIVE
a. Present Tense: S + is/am/are + V3
Example: Ballito is bitten by Julia
b. Present Continuous: S + is/am/are + being + V3
Example: Ballito is being bitten by Julia
c. Present Perfect: S + has/have + been + V3
Example: Ballito has been bitten by Julia
d. Present Pf Continuous: S + has/have + been being + V3
Example: Ballito has been being bitten by Julia
1. VERB TO BE
a. Past Tense: S + was/were + M
Example: She was at home yesterday
b. Past Continuous: S + was/were + being + M
Example: She was being at home
c. Past Perfect: S + had been + M
Example: She had been at home
d. Ps Perfect Continuous: S + had been + being + M
Example: She had been being at home
2. VERBAL ACTIVE
a. Past Tense: S + V2
Example: I worked yesterday
b. Past Continuous: S + was/were + V-ing
Example: I was working yesterday
c. Past Perfect: S + had + V3
Example: I had worked
d. Past Perfect Continuous: S + had been + V-ing
Example: I had been working
3. VERBAL PASSIVE
a. Past Tense: S + was/were + V3
Example: Ballito was bitten by Julia
b. Past Continuous: S + was/were + being + V3
Example: Ballito was being bitten by Julia
c. Past Perfect: S + had been + V3
Example: Ballito had been bitten by Julia
d. Past Perfect Continuous: S + had been being + V3
Example: Ballito had been being bitten by Julia

SUBJECT PRESENT PAST PRESENT PAST

FUTURE FUTURE
Plural I am shall/will should/
We would
They are have do were
You
Its had did will would
Singular He
She is has does was
It

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 Example: Next week I shall have to go to Bandung.
D. PAST FUTURE
C. PRESENT FUTURE
1. NON VERBAL
1. NON VERBAL a. Past Future Tense: S + should/would + be + M
a. Present Future Tense: S + shall/will + be + M Example: She would be at home tomorrow
Example: She will be at home tomorrow b. Past F Continuous: S + should/would + be being + M
b. Pr Future Continuous: S + shall/will + be + being + M i.g: She would be being at home at this time next week
i.g: She will be being at home at this time next week c. Past F Perfect: S + should/would + have been + M
c. Present Future Perfect: S + shall/will + have been + M Example: She would have been at home
Example: She will have been at home d. Ps F Pf Cont.: S + should/would have been+being + M
d. Pr F Pf Cont. : S + shall/will + have been + being + M Example: She would have been being at home
Example: She will have been being at home
2. VERBAL ACTIVE
2. VERBAL ACTIVE a. Past Future Tense: S + should/would + V1
a. Present Future Tense: S + shall/will + V1 Example: I would clean my room
Example: I will clean my room b. Past Future Continuous: S + should/would be + V-ing
b. Present Future Continuous: S + shall/will be + V-ing Example: I would be cleaning my room
Example: I will be cleaning my room c. Past Future Perfect: S + should/would + have + V3
c. Present Future Perfect: S + shall/will + have + V3 Example: I would have cleaned my room
Example: I will have cleaned my room d. Ps F Pf Cont.: S + should/would + have been + V-ing
d. Pr F Pf Continuous: S + shall/will have been + V-ing Example: I would have been cleaning my room
Example: I will have been cleaning my room
3. VERBAL PASSIVE
3. VERBAL PASSIVE a. Past Future Tense: S + should/would be + V3
a. Present Future Tense: S + shall/will be + V3 Example: Ballito would be bitten by Julia
Example: Ballito will be bitten by Julia b. Past F Continuous: S + should/would be + being + V3
b. Pr Future Continuous: S + shall/will be + being + V3 Example: Ballito would be being bitten by Julia
Example: Ballito will be being bitten by Julia c. Past F Perfect: S + should/would + have been + V3
c. Pr Future Perfect: S + shall/will + have been + V3 Example: Ballito would have been bitten by Julia
Example: Ballito will have been bitten by Julia d. Ps F Pf Cont: S + should/would +have been being+ V3
d. Pr F Pf Cont: S + shall/will + have been being + V3 Example: Ballito would have been being bitten by Julia
Example: Ballito will have been being bitten by Julia

CAN

Present: CAN
Example: I can swim very well
Past: COULD
Example: I could swim very well
Future: SHALL BE ABLE TO
Example: I shall not be able to swim tomorrow
MAY

MUST Present: MAY

Example: I may go to the cinema.
Present: MUST Past: WAS/WERE ALLOWED TO
Example: I must go now Example: Last week we were not allowed to play
Past: HAD TO football.
Example: Yesterday I had to do much work. Future: SHALL BE ALLOWED TO
Future: SHALL HAVE TO Example: Next Saturday they will not be allowed to
swim.

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 PRESENT USING
Present Tense It is used to indicate a
regular time or habitual
action
Present Continuous It is used to indicate
present time (now).
Present Perfect It is used to indicate:
a. An action that
happened at an indefinite
time in the past.
b. An action that
happened more than once
in the past.
c. An action that began
in the past and still
occurring in the present.
Present Perfect It is used to indicate that
Continuous an action that began in
the past and still
occurring in the present.
EXAMPLE ADVERB
Harun always swims in always, usually,
the evening. generally, often,
sometimes, seldom,
never, as a rule,
frequently, nowadays,
here, there, habitually,
every, (occasionally,
once in a while, on and
off, now and then)
I am reading a magazine when, now, right now, at
now present, at this moment,
to day, look!, listen,
still, soon, this
(morning, afternoon,
evening, weekend,
holiday), next (week,
month, year), tomorrow,
tonight.
already, just, yet (-), as
yet, so far, up to the
present time, lately, ever
a. Wahab has traveled (?), never, once, twice,
around the world. (We many times, several
don’t know when.) times, this week, this
month, this year.
b. Wahab has seen this
movie three times.
c. Wahab has lived in the
same house for twenty
years. (He still lives
there.)
or
Wahab has lived in the
same house since 1965.
(He still lives there.)
Wahab has been living in for, since, long, how
the same house for twenty long, the whole day, all
years. = Wahab has lived the morning.
in the same house for
twenty years. (not yet
completed)
 PAST USING
Past Tense It is used for a completed
action that happened at one
specific time in the past. The
italicized words are
important because they show
that simple past is not same
as past continuous or present
perfect.
Pasr Continuous It is used to indicate:
a. An action which was
occurring in the past and
was interrupted by another
action.
b. Two actions occurring at
the same time in the past.
c. An action which was
occurring at some specific
time in the past.
Past Perfect It is used to indicate a state
which continued for a time
in the past, but stopped
before now. This is similar
to rule for present perfect,
but in this case, there is no
connection with the present.
Past Perfect For Past Perfect, we can also
Continuous use the Past Perfect
Continuous. So, it is used a
state which continued for a
time in the past, but stopped
before now.
EXAMPLE ADVERB
Basit bought a new Yesterday, the day
bicycle yesterday before, ago, the other
day, last …, in 1971, so,
lately, when I was
… while …, … as …, …
when …, all day
a. Martha was watching yesterday, the whole day
television when Merry yesterday, at 5 o’clock
came home. yesterday.
b. Martha was watching
television while John was
reading a book.
c. Martha was watching
television at seven o’clock
last night.
Abu had lived in New by the end of, before,
York for ten years before after, as soon as, until.
he moved to California.
Abu had been living in When
New York for ten years
before he moved to
California.
 PRESENT USING EXAMPLE ADVERB
FUTURE
Present Future It is used to indicate:
Tense
a. An action will be done in a. He will post the letter.
the future.

b. To make an agreement in b. I shall come at your

the future. house tomorrow.

c. To show the conditional. c. Ani will come if I invite

her.
d. To request someone to do d. Will you help me to get
something. the book
Present Future It is used to indicate that an I shall be working at nine at this time tomorrow, at
Continuous action will be taking place. o’clock tomorrow 10 o’clock tomorrow, at
morning. the same time tomorrow.

Present Future It is used to indicate that an I shall have read seven of by the end of, before, by
Perfect action in the past and Muhammad Profet stories next, by now, after, as
immediately finish in the by the end of this year. soon as, until.
future.
Present Future It is used same as Future By Eid Mubarok I shall by the end of …..
Perfect Perfect but the action is have been working in this
Continuous possibility to be continued in office for ten years.
the future.

PAST FUTURE USING EXAMPLE ADVERB

Past Future It is used to indicate: Past Future if Simple
Tense Past
a. An action that will be a. I should go to Malang
done in the past. the next day.

b. An action that will be met b. He would come if you

if the conditional is real in asked him.
the past.
Past Future It is used to indicate an I should be having an at 10 o’clock yesterday,
Continuous action that will be doing in examination at this time on December last year.
the past. the following day.

Past Future It is used to indicate a He would have graduated Past Future Perfect if
Perfect conditional if that it if he had studied hard. Past Perfect
impossible occurs because
of unreal conditional, but as
image only if real condition
in the past, so the result will
……
Past Future It is used same as Present By last Eid Mubarak I By the end of this month
Perfect Future Perfect Continuous should have been working
Continuous but in the past in that office for ten years.
Question Analysis
Pattern 1: SUBJECTS AND VERBS
Secara umum, kalimat dalam Bahasa Inggris seharusnya mempunyai Satu Subjek dan Satu Kata Kerja.
Pertanyaan yang sering muncul dalam soal-soal yaitu dihilangkannya subjek atau kata kerja atau kedua-
duanya. Kadang-kadang kalimat dalam soal suka menambahkan subjek atau kata kerja yang tidak perlu.

- Dalam kalimat Bahasa Inggris sedikitnya mempunyai 1 SUBJEK dan 1 KATA KERJA
- Mencari Subjek dan Kata Kerja dalam kalimat

Example:
_________was ringing continuously for hours
(A). Loudly (C). The phone
(B). In the morning (D). The bells

Steps to Answer:
1. Mencari SUBJEK dan K. KERJA
Teridentifikasi terdapat 1 Kata Kerja dan bersifat tunggal yaitu was. Maka diperlukan subjek untuk
melengkapi pertanyaan tersebut.
2. Menganalisa Jawaban
(A) bukan merupakan subjek
(B) bukan merupakan subjek
(C) merupakan subjek bersifat tunggal
(D) merupakan subjek bersifat jamak (banyak / lebih dari satu)
Dari analisa jawaban tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa The Phone merupakan jawaban yang benar
karena k.kerja dalam soal bersifat tunggal, maka subjek harus bersifat tunggal pula.

Pattern 2: OBJECT OF PREPOSITION

- Object of Preposition yaitu suatu kata yang mengikuti kata benda atau kata sifat
- JIKA SUATU KATA/KALIMAT MERUPAKAN OBJECT OF PREPOSITION, MAKA
KATA/KALIMAT TERSEBUT BUKAN MERUPAKAN SUBJEK

DAFTAR KATA DEPAN

(PREPOSITION)
About before for An under
across behind from outside unlike
after beside in over until
against betwen inside past Up
along beyond into since upon
among by like through versus
around despite near throughout with
as down of to within
at during of toward without
Example:
To Mike _______ was a big surprise
(A). really (C). funny
(B). the party (D). when

Steps to Anwer:
1. DON’T FORGET ..... FIND SUBJECT AND VERB.
Diidentifikasi hanya terdapat kata kerja dalam kalimat tersebut yaitu was. Mike bukan suatu subjek
karena sebelum kata
Mike terdapat OBJECT OF PREPOSITION “to”.
2. Menganalisa jawaban
(A) bukan subjek
(B) merupakan subjek
(C) bukan subjek
(D) merupakan kata penghubung
Jawaban yang benar yaitu (B) the party lebih tepat karena merupakan suatu subjek.

Exercise:
1. Florence .............. they years after the Civil War the “Gilded Age.”
(A) Called
(B) Calling
(C) He called
(D) His calls
2. Early ............ toes instead of hooves on their feet.
(A) Horses
(B) Had horses
(C) Horses had
(D) Horses having
3 . ........ grow close to the ground in the short arctic summer.
(A) Above tundra plants
(B) Tundra plants
(C) Tundra plants are found
(D) For tundra plants
4. In 1867, ....... Alaska from the Russians for $7.2 million.
(A) Purchased the United States
(B) To purchase the United States
(C) The United States’ purchase of
(D) The United States purchased
5. Between 1725 and 1750, New England witnessed an increase in the specialization of ........
(A) Occupations
(B) Occupies
(C) They occupied
(D) It occupied them
6. The large carotid artery ........ to the main parts of the brain.
(A) carrying blood
(B) Blood is carried
(C) carries blood
(D) Blood carries
7 . ....... Radio as the first practical system of wireless telegraphy
(A) Marconi’s development
(B) the development by Marconi
(C) Developing Marconi
(D) Marconi Developed
8. In 1975, the first successful space probe to ........ beginning to send information back to Earth.
(A) Venus
(B) Venus the
(C) Venus was
(D) Venus it was
9. The two biggest resort ....... Arkansas are Hot springs and Eureka springs.
(A) in
(B) Town in
(C) Town are
(D) Town are in
10. NASA’s Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center ............ control center for the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo
space flights.
(A) it was at the
(B) it was the
(C) was the
(D) the

Answer
Question Number 1; steps to answer:
1. Mencari Subjek dan K. Kerja
Teridentifikasi terdapat 1 subjek FLORENCE dan tidak ada K. Kerja. Maka diperlukan K. Kerja untuk
melengkapi kalimat tersebut.
2. Menganalisa Jawaban
(A) Merupakan K. kerja dalam bentuk simple past tense
(B) Merupakan K. kerja +ing, membutuhkan to be untuk menjadi K. kerja utama
(C) Merupakan kalimat (terdapat subjek dan K kerja)
(D) bukan merupakan K. kerja
Dari analisa jawaban tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan jawaban (A) CALLED merupakan jawaban yang
benar yang bisa melengkapi kalimat.

Question Number 2; steps to answer:

1. Mencari Subjek dan K. Kerja
Teridentifikasi tidak terdapat Subjek dan K. Kerja. Hanya terdapat keterangan waktu EARLY dan
objek yaitu TOES. Diperlukan Subjek dan K. Kerja untuk melangkapi kalimat tersebut
2. Menganalisa Jawaban
(A) Merupakan Subjek
(B) Merupakan K. kerja dalam bentuk past perfect tense
(C) Merupakan Subjek (HORSE) + verb (HAD)
(D) Merupakan K. benda + K. kerja (-ing) membutuhkan to beuntuk menjadi K. kerja utama
Dari analisa jawaban tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan jawaban (C) HORSES HAD merupakan jawaban
yang benar yang bisa melengkapi kalimat.

Question Number 3; steps to answer:

1. Mencari Subjek dan K. Kerja
Teridentifikasi terdapat K. Kerja (GROW). Diperlukan Subjek untuk melangkapi kalimat tersebut
2. Menganalisa Jawaban
 (A) Merupakan object of preposisi (above) sehingga bukan merupakan subjek
(B) Merupakan subjek
(C) Merupakan kalimat karena terdapat subjek dan K. Kerja
(D) Merupakan object of preposisi (for) sehingga bukan merupakan subjek
Dari analisa jawaban tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan jawaban (B) TUNDRA PLANTS merupakan
Jawaban yang benar yang bisa melengkapi kalimat.

Question Number 4; steps to answer:

1. Mencari Subjek dan K. Kerja
Teridentifikasi tidak terdapat Subjek dan K. Kerja. Hanya terdapat keterangan waktu IN 1867 dan objek
yaitu ALASKA. Diperlukan Subjek dan K. Kerja untuk melangkapi kalimat tersebut
2. Menganalisa Jawaban
(A) Merupakan prase dengan past participial
(B) Merupakan prase dengan infinitive
(C) Merupakan prase
(D) Merupakan Subjek (The United States) dan K. Kerja (purchased)
Dari analisa jawaban tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan jawaban (D) The United States purchased
merupakan jawaban yang benar yang bisa melengkapi kalimat.

Question Number 5; steps to answer:

1. Mencari Subjek dan K. Kerja
Teridentifikasi kalimat tesebut terdapat subjek dan K. Kerja. Diperlukan objek untuk preposisi OF
yang merupakan K. benda untuk melengkapi kalimat tersebut
2. Menganalisa Jawaban
(A) Merupakan K. benda
(B) Merupakan K. kerja (untuk orang ketiga tunggal)
(C) Merupakan kalimat
(D) Merupakan kalimat
Dari analisa jawaban tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan jawaban (A) OCCUPATIONS merupakan
jawaban yang benar yang bisa melengkapi kalimat.

Question Number 6; steps to answer:

1. Mencari Subjek dan K. Kerja
Teridentifikasi kalimat tesebut terdapat subjek dalam bentuk tunggal (THE LARGE CAROTID
ARTERY). Diperlukan K. Kerja untuk melengkapi kalimat tesebut.
2. Menganalisa Jawaban
(A) Merupakan K. kerja (-ing) sehingga membutuhkan to beuntuk menjadi K. kerja utama + objek
(BLOOD)
(B) Merupakan kalimat
(C) Merupakan K. kerja untuk orang ketiga tunggal + objek (BLOOD)
(D) Merupakan kalimat
Dari analisa jawaban tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan jawaban (C) CARRIES BLOOD merupakan
jawaban yang benar yang bisa melengkapi kalimat

Question Number 7; steps to answer:

1. Mencari Subjek dan K. Kerja
Teridentifikasi tidak terdapat Subjek dan K. Kerja. Hanya terdapat keterangan objek yaitu RADIO.
Diperlukan Subjek dan K. Kerja untuk melangkapi kalimat tersebut
2. Menganalisa Jawaban
(A) tidak terdapat K. kerja
(B) tidak terdapat K. kerja
 (C) Merupakan K. kerja (-ing). membutuhkan to be untuk menjadi K. kerja utama + K. benda
(D) Merupakan subjek dan K. Kerja
Dari analisa jawaban tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan jawaban (D) MARCONI DEVELOPED
merupakan jawaban yang benar yang bisa melengkapi kalimat

Question Number 8; steps to answer:

1. Mencari Subjek, K. Kerja dan objek preposisi
Teridentifikasi terdapat kata depan (TO) sertakata kerja (BEGINNING). Dibutuhkan kata benda
sebagai objek dari preposisi (TO) serta dibutuhkan pula to be untuk melengkapi kata kerja
(beginning) agar menjadi kalimat continuous.
2. Menganalisa Jawaban
(A) Merupakan K. Benda
(B) Merupakan Kata benda + artikel
(C) Merupakan Kata benda + to be (was)
(D) Merupakan kata benda + kalimat
Dari analisa jawaban tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan jawaban (C) VENUS WAS merupakan jawaban
yang benar yang bisa melengkapi kalimat. Venus merupakan objek dari preposisi (TO) sedangkan was
melengkapi kalimat continuous untuk K. Kerja Beginning.

Question Number 9; steps to answer:

1. Mencari subjek dan K. Kerja
Teridentifikasi terdapat K. kerja (ARE) sedangkan subjek kalimat belum lengkap. ARE merupakan kata
kerja jamak, sedangkan RESORT dan ARKANSAS dalam bentuk tunggal. Sehingga dibutuhkan kata
benda dalam bentuk jamak sebagai subjek untuk K. kerja jamak tersebut
2. Menganalisa Jawaban
(A) Merupakan preposisi
(B) Merupakan K. Benda jamak + preposisi
(C) Merupakan K. benda jamak + K. Kerja
(D) Merupakan K. benda jamak + K. Kerja + preposisi
Dari analisa jawaban tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan jawaban (B) TOWNS IN merupakan jawaban
yang benar yang bisa melengkapi kalimat. IN digunakan sebagai preoposition untuk kata benda
ARKANSAS. Jawaban C dan D salah karena didalamnya terdapat K Kerja sedangkan dalam kalimat
tersebut sudah terdapat K. Kerja.

Question Number 10; steps to answer:

1. Mencari subjek dan K. Kerja
Teridentifikasi terdapat subjek (NASA’S LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CENTER) tetapi tidak
terdapat kata kerja. Maka dibutuhkan K. Kerja untuk melengkapi kalimat tersebut.
2. Menganalisa Jawaban
(A) Merupakan kalimat
(B) Merupakan kalimat
(C) Merupakan K. Kerja + artikel
(D) Merupakan artikel
Dari analisa jawaban tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan jawaban (C) WAS THE merupakan jawaban yang
benar yang bisa melengkapi kalimat. Jawaban A dan B tidak tepat karena didalamnya terdapat subjek (IT)
sedangkan dalam kalimat tersebut sudah terdapat subjek.
NAMA : ....................................

A. PRESENT
B. PAST
1. NON VERBAL
a. Present Tense 1. NON VERBAL
Formula: ………………………… a. Past Tense
Example: ………………………… Formula: ………………………….
b. Present Continuous Example: …………………………
Formula: ………………………… b. Past Continuous
Example: ………………………… Formula: ………………………….
c. Present Perfect Example: ………………………….
Formula: ………………………… c. Past Perfect
Example: ………………………… Formula: ………………………….
d. Present Perfect Continuous Example: …………………………
Formula: ………………………… d. Past Perfect Continuous
Example: ………………………… Formula: ………………………….
Example: …………………………
2. VERBAL ACTIVE
a. Present Tense 2. VERBAL ACTIVE
Formula: ………………………… a. Past Tense
Example: ………………………… Formula: ………………………….
b. Present Continuous Example: …………………………
Formula: ………………………… b. Past Continuous
Example: ………………………… Formula: ………………………….
c. Present Perfect Example: ………………………….
Formula: ………………………… c. Past Perfect
Example: ………………………… Formula: ………………………….
d. Present Perfect Continuous Example: …………………………
Formula: ………………………… d. Past Perfect Continuous
Example: ………………………… Formula: …………………………
Example: …………………………
3. VERBAL PASSIVE
a. Present Tense 3. VERBAL PASSIVE
Formula: ………………………… a. Past Tense
Example: ………………………… Formula: ………………………….
b. Present Continuous Example: …………………………
Formula: ………………………… b. Past Continuous
Example: ………………………… Formula: ………………………….
c. Present Perfect Example: ………………………….
Formula: …………………………. c. Past Perfect
Example: ………………………… Formula: ………………………….
d. Present Perfect Continuous Example: …………………………
Formula: ………………………… d. Past Perfect Continuous
Example: ………………………… Formula: ………………………….
Example: …………………………
C. PRESENT FUTURE
1. NON VERBAL
a. Present FutureTense
Formula: ………………………….
Example: …………………………
b. Present Future Continuous
Formula: ………………………….
Example: ………………………….
c. Present Future Perfect
Formula: ………………………….
Example: …………………………
d. Present Future Perfect Continuous
Formula: ………………………….
Example: …………………………
2. VERBAL ACTIVE
a. Present Future Tense
Formula: ………………………….
Example: …………………………
b. Present Future Continuous
Formula: ………………………….
Example: ………………………….
c. Present Future Perfect
Formula: ………………………….
Example: …………………………
d. Present Future Perfect Continuous
Formula: ………………………….
Example: …………………………
3. VERBAL PASSIVE
a. Present Future Tense
Formula: ………………………….
Example: …………………………
b. Present Future Continuous
Formula: ………………………….
Example: ………………………….
c. Present Future Perfect
Formula: ………………………….
Example: …………………………
d. Present Future Perfect Continuous
Formula: ………………………….
Example: …………………………
D. PAST FUTURE
1. NON VERBAL
a. Past Future Tense
Formula: ………………………….
Example: …………………………
b. Past Future Continuous
Formula: ………………………….
Example: ………………………….
c. Past Future Perfect
Formula: ………………………….
Example: …………………………
d. Past Future Perfect Continuous
Formula: ………………………….
Example: …………………………
2. VERBAL ACTIVE
a. Past Future Tense
Formula: ………………………….
Example: …………………………
b. Past Future Continuous
Formula: ………………………….
Example: ………………………….
c. Past Future Perfect
Formula: ………………………….
Example: …………………………
d. Past Future Perfect Continuous
Formula: ………………………….
Example: …………………………
3. VERBAL PASSIVE
a. Past Future Tense
Formula: ………………………….
Example: …………………………
b. Past Future Continuous
Formula: ………………………….
Example: ………………………….
c. Past Future Perfect
Formula: ………………………….
Example: …………………………
d. Past Future Perfect Continuous
Formula: ………………………….
Example: …………………………
2. NOUN
Noun has 2 forms:
1. Concrete Noun
Example: Man, gold, table, iron, name of person, etc.
2. Abstract Noun (can be imaged)
Example: Wisdom, happiness, wealth, life, friendship, faith, etc.

There are 4 kinds of the Concrete Noun:

1. Proper Noun (alone) – preceded by capital letter (big letter): Name of person, City, Country,
School, Company, etc.
Example: Lisa, Jakarta, Tokyo, Airlangga University, Coca Cola, etc.
2. Common Noun
Example: Teacher, water, plane, bridegroom, mountain, etc.
3. Material Noun (Mining material or raw material)
Example: Gold, paint, silver, oil, etc.
4. Collective Noun
Example: crowd, division, class, fleet, cattle, parliament.

Abstract Noun can be formed from verb, adjective, and others.

1. Abstract Nouns derived from Verbs:

a. By ending – ment
Advertise advertisement mengiklankan iklan
Agree agreement menyetujui persetujuan
Argue argument berdebat perdebatan
Arrange arrangement menyusun penyusunan
Develop development berkembang perkembangan
Entertain entertainment menjamu perjamuan
Measure measurement mengukur ukuran

b. By ending –ion, –tion.

Act action berbuat perbuatan
Adopt adoption mengangkat pengangkatan
Associate association mengumpulkan perkumpulan
Collect collection mengumpulkan kumpulan
Confuse confusion membingungkan kebingungan
Connect connection menghubungkan hubungan
Evaluate evaluation mengevaluate pengevaluasian
Inform information menginformasikan informasi

c. By ending –ation, -cation, -ition

Admire admiration mengagumi kekaguman
Apply application melamar lamaran
Authorize authorization memberi kuasa pemberian kuasa
Classify classification menggolongkan penggolongan
Compete competition bersaing persaingan
Compose composition mengarang karangan
Expect expectation mengharap pengharapan
Inform information menginformasikan penginformasian
 Observe observation mengobservasi pengobservasian
Qualify qualification memenuhi sarat pemenuhan sarat
Repeat repetition mengulangi pengulangan
Resign resignation minta berhenti permintaan
berhenti

d. By ending –ance, -ence

Abound abundance berlimpah-limpah kelimpahan
Accept acceptance menerima penerimaan
Admit admittance mengakui pengakuan
Appear appearance menampakan diri penampakan diri
Attend attendance menghadiri hadirin
Confide confidence mempercayakan kepercayaan
Differ difference membedakan perbedaan
Enter entrance memasuki jalan masuk
Hinder hindrance menghalangi halangan
Insist insistence menuntut tuntutan
Obey obedience mematuhi kepatuhan

e. By ending –t
Complain complaint mengeluh keluhan
Contain content berisi isi
Deceive deceit menipu penipuan
Descend decent turun asal-usul
Fly flight terbang penerbangan

f. By ending –y
Deliver delivery menghantarkan hantaran
Discover discovery menemukan penemuan
Injure injury melukai luka
Recover recovery menyembuhkan kesembuhan

2. Abstract noun has same form with verb

Help help menolong pertolongan
Hope hope mengharapkan pengharapan
Mind mind memikirkan pikiran
Play play bermain permainan

3. Abstract Noun derived from adjectives by ending -ness

Conscious consciousness sadar kesadaran
Dizzy dizziness pusing kepusingan
Good goodness baik kebaikan
Happy happiness bahagia kebahagiaan
Kind kindness baik hati kebaikan hati
Polite politeness sopan kesopanan
Sad sadness sedih kesedihan
Soft softness lunak kelunakan
Weak weakness lemah kelemahan

4. Abstract noun derived from common nouns

Agent agency agen keagenan
 Champion championship juara kejuaraan
Child childhood anak masa anak-anak
Friend friendship sehabat persahabatan
Hero heroism pahlawan kepahlawanan

5. Abstract noun derived from other adjectives

Beautiful beauty cantik kecantikan
Convenient convenience senang menyenangkan
Deep depth dalam dalamnya
Distant distance jarak/jauh kejauhan
Durable durability dpt tahan lama kemampuan thn lama
Fluent fluency lancar kelancaran
Frequent frequency kerap kekerapan
Healthy health sehat kesehatan
Hot heat panas panasnya
Important importance penting pentingnya
Intentional intention disengaja pamrih, maksud
Juicy juice penuh sari buah getah/sari buah
Long length panjang panjangnya
Opposite opposition lawan perlawanan
Poor poverty miskin kemiskinan
Possible possibility mungkin kemungkinan
Redundant redundancy berlebih2an kelebihan/kelimpahan
True truth benar kebenaran
Unit unity satuan persatuan, kesatuan
Wise wisdom bijaksana kebijaksanaan
Young youth muda muda-mudi

6. All verb are added –ing can be gerund

Broadcast broadcasting menyiarkan siaran
Read reading membaca bacaan
Speak speaking bercakap percakapan
Write writing menulis tulisan

7. Verb derived from Nouns

a. By ending –en
Fright frighten ketakutan menakuti
Haste hasten ketergesaan mempercepat
Length lengthen panjangnya memperpanjang
Strength strengthen kekuatan memperkuat
Threat threaten ancaman mengancam

b. By ending –ze or –ize

Apology apologize permintaan maaf memintakan maaf
Colony colonize jajahan menjajah
Critic criticize kritikan mengkritik
Memory memorize kenangan mengenangkan
Special specialize khusus mengkhususkan
Sympathy sympathize simpati bersimpati
Temporary, temporize sementara menunggu kesempatan bai
Temporal
c. By ending –fy, -ify, -efy
Beauty beautify kecantikan membuat cantik
Class classify golongan menggolongkan
Liquid liquefy cairan mencairkan
Solid solidify keras menjadi keras
Terror terrify kengerian mengerikan

d. Convert the letter –f- to –ve-

Belief believe kepercayaan mempercayai
Relief relieve keringanan meringankan
Half halve setengahnya membagi dua
Proof prove bukti membuktikan

e. Change the intonation

‘insult in’sult penghinaan menghina
‘permit per’mit ijin mengijinkan
‘present pre’sent hadir menampilkan
‘produce pro’duce hasil menghasilkan
‘progess pro’ress kemajuan memajukan
‘record re’cord catatan mencatat
‘refuse re’fuse penolakan menolak
‘suspect sus’pect kecurigaan mencurigai

f. Special changes
Bath bathe mandi mandi
Blood bleed darah berdarah
Breath breathe napas bernapas
Choice choose pilihan memilih
Food feed makanan memberi makan
Response respond tanggapan, jawaban menanggapi, menjawab
Sale sell penjualan menjual
Shot shoot penembakkan menembak
Storage store penyimpanan menyimpan
Unity unite persatuan mempersatukan
Death die kematian mati
Birth bear kelahiran lahir
3. Irregular and Regular Verbs

A. Irregular Verbs

V1 V2 V3

Abide abode abode tinggal

Arise arose arisen timbul
Awake awoke awoke, membangunkan
awoked
Backslide backslid backslid berbuat jahat lagi
Be (is, am, are) was/were been ada
Bear bore born/borne melahirkan/menderita
Beat beat beaten memukul
Become became become menjadi
Befall befell befallen menimpa/terjadi
Beget begot begotten melahirkan
Begin began begun memulai
Behold beheld beheld melihat-lihat
Bend bent bent membengkokan
Beseech besought besought memohon
Beset beset beset mengelilingi, mempersukar
Bet bet, betted bet, betted mempertaruhkan
Betake betook betaken pergi
Bid bid bid minta, nawar
Bind bound bound mengikat
Bite bit bitten menggigit
Bleed bled bled berdarah
Bless blessed, blest blessed, blest memberkati
Blow blew blown meniup, menghembus
Break broke broken mematahkan
Breed bred bred menternakan
Bring brought brought membawa
Broadcast broadcast broadcast memancarkan
Browbeat browbeat browbeaten menggertak
Build built built membangun/mendirikan
Burn burnt, burned burnt, burned membakar
Burst burst burst merekah, memecahkan
Buy bought bought membeli
Cast cast cast melemparkan
Catch caught caught menangkap
Chide chid chided memarahi
Choose chose chosen memilih
Cleave clove, cleft cloven, cleft membelah
Cling clung clung berpegang erat
Come came come datang
Cost cost cost berharga
Creep crept crept merangkak
Cut cut cut memotong
Dare dared, durst dared menantang
Deal dealt dealt berdagang, membagi
Dig dug dug menggali
Dive dove dived menyelam
Do did done mengerjakan
Draw drew drawn menggambar, menarik
Dream dreamt, dreamt, bermimpi
dreamed dreamed
Drink drank drunk minum
Drive drove driven mengendarai (car)
Dwell dwelt dwelt merenungkan
Eat ate eaten makan
Fall fell fallen jatuh
Feed fed fed memberi makan
Feel felt felt merasakan
Fight fought fought berkelahi
Find found found menemukan
Fit fit fit cocok
Flee fled fled melarikan diri
Fling flung flung pergi dengan marah
Fly flew flown terbang
Forbear forbore forborne melalaikan
Forbid forbade forbidden memlarang
Forecast forecast, forecast, meramalkan
Forecasted forecasted
Forego forewent foregone mendahului
Foresee foresaw foreseen mengetahui lebih dulu
Foretell foretold foretold meramalkan
Forget forgot forgotten lupa
Forgive forgave forgiven memaafkan
Forsake forsook forsaken memungkiri, melalaikan
Forswear forswore forsworn mengingkari dgn bersumpah
Freeze froze frozen membekukan
Gainsay gainsaid gainsaid menyangkal
Get got got, gotten mendapatkan, memperoleh
Gird girded, girt girded, girt mengikat
Give gave given memberi
Go went gone pergi
Grind ground ground menggiling
Grow grew grown tumbuh, menjadi
Hang hung, hunged hung, hunged bergantung
Have (has) had had mempunyai
Hear heard heard mendengar
Heave heaved, hove heaved, hove mengangkat dgn susah payah
Hew hewed hewn memarang, memotong
Hide hid hidden bersembunyi
Hit hit hit memukul, mengenai
Hold held held memegang
Hurt hurt hurt melukai
Inlay inlaid inlaid menaruh, menata
Keep kept kept menjaga/memelihara
Know knew known mengetahui
Lay laid laid berbaring, meletakan
Lead led led membina, memimpin
Lean leant, leaned leant, leaned memiringkan, bersandar
Leap leapt, leaped leapt, leaped meloncat
Learn learnt, learned learnt, learned belajar
Leave left left berangkat
Lend lent lent meminjamkan
Let let let membiarkan
Lie lay lain berbaring
Lie lied lied berdusta
Light lit lit menyala, menyalakan
Lose lost lost hilang
Make made made membuat
Mean meant meant bermaksud
Meet met met bertemu
Melt melted melted, melarutkan, mencair
Molten
Misdeal misdealt misdealt salah membagi
Mislay mislaid mislaid menyimpan tak pada tempatnya
Mislead misled misled menyesatkan
Mistake mistook mistaken membuat kesalahan
Misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood salah paham
Mow mowed mown menyabit, memotong
Outbid outbid outbid menawar lebih tinggi
Outdo outdid outdone melebihi
Outgrow outgrew outgrown tumbuh lebih cepat
Outrun outran outrun berlari lebih cepat
Outshine outshone outshone bersinar lebih terang
Outspread outspread outspread terbuka lebar
Outwear outwore outworn menjadi usang, mengatasi
Overbear overbore overborne menindih, melebihi
Overcast overcast overcast menjadi mendung
Overcome overcame overcome mengatasi
Overdo overdid overdone memasak terlalu matang
Overdraw overdrew overdrawn melukiskan dengan berlebihan
Overeat overate overeaten makan terlalu banyak
Overfeed overfed overfed terlampau banyak memberi makan
Overhang overhung overhung bergantung di atas
Overhear overheard overheard kebetulan mendengar
Overlay overlaid overlaid menutupi
Override overrode overridden mengesampingkan, menolak
Overrun overran overrun membanjiri, melewati
Oversee oversaw overseen mengawasi
Oversleep overslept overslept tidur terlalu lama
Overtake overtook overtaken menyusul, mengejar
Overthrow overthrew overthrown meruntuhkan, menjatuhkan
Partake partook partaken mengambil bagian dalam
Pay paid paid membayar
Put put put meletakkan
Quit quit quit berhenti
Read read read membaca
Recast recast recast menuang lagi
Relay relaid relaid meletakan lagi
Rend rent rent mencabik, mengoyak
Repay repaid repaid menebus
Reset reset reset memasang lagi
Retell retold retold menceritakan lagi
Rid ridded, rid rid membebaskan diri
Ride rode ridden menunggang (horse & bicycle)
Ring rang, rung rung membunyikan lonceng
Rise rose risen meninggi
Run ran run berlari
Saw sawed sawn menggergaji
Say said said mengatakan
See saw seen melihat
Seek sought sought mencari, menuntut
Sell sold sold menjual
Send sent sent mengirim
Set set set terbenam, menyetel
Sew sewed sew, sewed menjahit
Shake shook shaken mengguncang
Shear sheared shorn mencukur, menggunting
Shed shed shed mengalirkan, menumpahkan
Shine shone shone bersinar
Shoe shod shod memasang ladam (kuda)
Shoot shot shot menembak, berburu
Show showed shown menunjukkan
Shrink shrank shrunk mengerutkan
Shut shut shut menutup
Sing sang sung menyanyi
Sink sank sunk, sunken tenggelam
Sit sat sat duduk
Slay slew slain membunuh
Sleep slept slept tidur
Slide slid slid meluncurkan, menggelincir
Sling slung slung melemparkan
Slink slunk slunk menyelinap, mengendap
Slit slit slit mengiris, membelah
Smell smelt smelt berbau, mencium bau
Smite smote smitten memukul, mempengaruhi
Sow sowed sown, sowed menaburkan benih
Speak spoke spoken berbicara
Speed sped sped mengatur kecepatan
Spell spelt, spelled spelt, spelled mengeja
Spend spent spent membelanjakan
Spill spilt, spilled spilt, spilled menumpahkan
Spin spun, span spun memintal
Spit spat spat menusuk, meludah
Split split split membelah, robek, retak
Spoil spoilt, spoiled spoilt, spoiled memanjakan, merusak
Spread spread spread menyebar
Spring sprang sprung melompat, meledakkan
Stand stood stood berdiri
Stave staved, stove staved, stove melubangi
Steal stole stolen mencuri
Stick stuck stuck menempelkan, menikam
Sting stung stung menyengat, menyakiti
Stink stank, stunk stunk berbau busuk
Strew strewed strewn, menyebar, menaburkan
Strewed
Strike struck struck, memukul
Stricken
String strung strung mengikat dengan tali
Strive strove striven, berusaha
Strived strived
Swear swore sworn bersumpah
Swell swelled swelled, bengkak, berlagak
Swollen
Swim swam swum berenang
Swing swung swung mengayun, memutar, belok
Take took taken mengambil
Teach taught taught mengajar
Tear tore torn merobek
Tell told told mengatakan
Think thought thought berfikir
Thrive throve thriven tumbuh dengan subur
Throw threw thrown melemparkan, membanting
Thrust thrust thrust mendorong, pukul
Tread trod trodden, trod melangkah
Unbend unbent unbent melepaskan, merenggangkan
Undergo underwent undergone mengalami
Undersell undersold undersold menjual dibawah harga
Understand understood understood memahami
Undertake undertook undertaken berusaha, menjamin
Underwrite underwrote underwritten menanggung, mengansuransi
Undo undid undone melepaskan, membatalkan
Upset upset upset merobohkan
Wake woke, waked woken, waked bangkit, bangun
Waylay waylaid waylaid menghadang
Wear wore worn memakai
Weave wove woven menenun
Wed wedded wedded kawin, mwnikah
Weep wept wept menangis
Wet wet wet membasahi
Win won won memenangkan
Wind wound wound memutar, melilit
Withdraw withdrew withdrawn menarik diri, mencabut
Withhold withheld withheld tidak memberi
Withstand withstood withstood melawan, menahan
Wring wrung wrung memulas, menjepit
Write wrote written menulis

B. Regular Verbs

V1 V2 V2

Abbreviate abbreviated abbreviated menyingkat

Abort aborted aborted menggugurkan
Accumulate accumulated accumulate mengumpulkan
Add added added menambah
Address addressed addressed mengalamatkan
Admit admitted admitted memasuki, mengakui
Adopt adopted adopted mengangkat
Advise advised advised menasehati
Allocate allocated allocated mendermakan
Allow allowed allowed membolehkan
Amaze amazed amazed mengherankan
Annoy annoyed annoyed menyinggung
Announce announced announced mengumumkan
Anticipate anticipated anticipated mengharapkan
Apologize apologized apologized memintakan maaf
Appreciate appreciated appreciated menghargai
Ask asked asked bertanya, meminta
Assign assigned assigned mengangkat, memberikan
Associate associated associated kumpulan yang sejajar
Attempt attempted attempted mencoba, berusaha
Avoid avoided avoided menghindari
Bark barked barked menggonggong
Base based based mendasarkan
Beautify beautified beautified membuat cantik
Believe believed believed mempercayai
Borrow borrowed borrowed meminjam
Braid braided braided mengelabang
Brush brushed brushed menyikat
Call called called memanggil
Charge charged charged memuat
Check checked checked memerksa
Clap clapped clapped bertepuk tangan
Classify classified classified menggolongkan
Close closed closed menutup
Collect collected collected mengumpulkan
Colonize colonized colonized menjajah
Combine combined combined menggabungkan
Commence commenced commenced mulai
Complete completed completed menyelesaikan, melengkapi
Compromise compromised compromised mengganggu, kompromi
Computerize computerized computerized mengkomputerkan
Consider considered considered mempertimbangkan
Contemplate contemplated contemplated merenungkan
Continue continued continued melanjutkan
Contribute contributed contributed menopang
Control controlled controlled mengawasi
Convert converted converted mengalihkan
Coordinate coordinated coordinated mengkoordinasikan
Criticize criticized criticized mengkritik
Cry cried cried menangis
Cure cured cured menyembuhkan
Decline declined declined menolak
Decrease decreased decreased menurun
Default defaulted defaulted lalai
Defer deferred deferred menunda
Delay delayed delayed menunda
Delivery delivered delivered menyerahkan
Demonstrate demonstrated demonstrated mendemonstrasikan
Deny denied denied menolak
Depend depended depended bergantung
Derive derived derived berasal
Describe described described menggambarkan
Deserve deserved deserved berhak mendapat
Detect detected detected mendeteksi
Detest detested detested menjijikan
Develop developed developed mengembangkan
Die died died mematikan
Discharge discharged discharged memulangkan
Discuss discussed discussed mendiskusikan
Disdain disdained disdained meremehkan
Distract distracted distracted mengalihkan perhatian
Distribute distributed distributed mengirimkan
Disturb disturbed disturbed mengganggu
Document documented documented mendokumentasikan
Drug drugged drugged meracuni
Economize economized economized menghemat
Eject ejected ejected menolak, menyurung
Enchant enchanted enchanted memesonakan
Endure endured endured memikul
Enjoy enjoyed enjoyed menikmati
Escape escaped escaped melarikan diri
Essay essayed essayed mencoba
Evade evaded evaded menghindarkan
Evaluate evaluated evaluated mengevaluasi
Evolve evolved evolved menyusun, berkembang
Excuse excused excused memaafkan
Execute executed executed melaksanakan
Exercise exercised exercised latihan
Facilitate facilitated facilitated memudahkan
Fancy fancied fancied membayangkan
Fasten fastened fastened mempercepat
Fence fenced fenced membayangkan
Fertilize fertilized fertilized membuahi
Finish finished finished menyelesaikan
Float floated floated terapung
Flow flowed flowed mengalirkan
Free freed freed membebaskan
Fume fumed fumed menggerutu
Gather gathered gathered mengumpilkan
Govern governed governed memerintah
Grab grabbed grabbed merebut
Group grouped grouped mengelompokkan
Grunt grunted grunted mendengkur
Halve halved halved membagi dua
Happen happened happened terjadi
Heal healed healed menyembuhkan
Help helped helped membantu
Identify identified identified mengidentifikasi
Image imaged imaged membayangkan
Imagine imagined imagined membayangkan
Imbed imbedded imbedded menancapkan
Improve improved improved meningkatkan
Inaugurate inaugurated inaugurated melantik
Include included included termasuk
Increase increased increased meningkat
Inform informed informed menginformasikan
Intend intended intended bermaksud
Introduce introduced introduced memperkenalkan
Involve involved involved melibatkan
Isolate isolated isolated mengisolasi
Join joined joined bergabung, ikut serta
Judge judged judged mengadili
Jump jumped jumped melompat
Kick kicked kicked menendang
Kill killed killed membunuh
Knock knocked knocked menampar
Launch launched launched meluncurkan
Learn learned learned belajar
Like liked liked suka
Limit limited limited membatasi
Liquefy liquefied liquefied mencairkan
Listen listened listened mendengarkan
Live lived lived tinggal (menetap)
Load loaded loaded memuat
Locate located located melokasikan
Look looked looked melihat
Love loved loved mencintai, suka
Manage managed managed memimpin
Maximize maximized maximized memaksimalkan
Memorize memorized memorized mengenangkan
Mention mentioned mentioned menyebutkan
Mind minded minded keberatan
Minimize minimized minimized meminimalkan
Miss missed missed ketinggalan, tersesat
Mix mixed mixed mencampurkan
Move moved moved bergerak, geser
Murder murdered murdered membunuh
Name named named menamai
Necessitate necessitated necessitated mengharuskan
Need needed needed memerlukan
Neglect neglected neglected mengabaikan
Notch notched notched menakik
Obligate obligated obligated mewajibkan
Observe observed observed mengevaluasi
Occupy occupied occupied menduduki
Occur occurred occurred terjadi
Omit omitted omitted menghilangkan
Open opened opened membuka
Outpace outpaced outpaced melebihi
Oxygenate oxygenated oxygenated mengoksigen
Paint painted painted mengecat
Palpate palpated palpated meraba
Perch perched perched bertengger
Permit permitted permitted mengijinkan
Persuade persuaded persuaded membujuk
Place placed placed menempati
Postpone postponed postponed menunda, menangguhkan
Power powered powered menguasai, mendukung
Practice practiced practiced latihan
Pray prayed prayed berdoa
Precede preceded preceded mendahului
Prefer preferred preferred lebih suka
Prevent prevented prevented mencegah
Produce produced produced menghasilkan
Progress progressed progressed berkembang
Promise promised promised berjanji
Promote promoted promoted meningkatkan
Propose proposed proposed mengusulkan
Prove proved proved membuktikan
Pump pumped pumped memompa
Purchase purchased purchased belanja
Recall recalled recalled memanggil kembali, mengingatkan
Recognize recognized recognized mengakui, mengenal
Recommend recommended recommended menasihati
Record recorded recorded mencatat
Refuse refused refused menolak
Regret regretted regretted menyesal
Regulated regulated regulated mengatur
Release released released melepaskan
Relieve relieved relieved meringankan
Relish relished relished menikmati
Remember remembered remembered mengingatkan
Remove removed removed mengeluarkan
Report reported reported melaporkan
Require required required memerlukan
Resist resisted resisted menentang
Rest rested rested beristirahat
Risk risked risked beresiko
Save saved saved menghemat
Search searched searched menggeledah
Shirk shirked shirked melalaikan
Short shorted shorted memperpendek
Sigh sighed sighed berkeluh kesah
Sign signed signed menandai
Solidify solidified solidified menjadi keras
Solve solved solved mengatasi, memecahkan
Specialize specialized specialized mengkhususkan
Start started started memulai
Stop stopped stopped berhenti
Study studied studied belajar
Suggest suggested suggested menyarankan
Support supported supported mendukung, menopang
Surround surrounded surrounded mengepung
Survey surveyed surveyed meninjau
Sympathize sympathized sympathized bersimpati
Terrify terrified terrified mengerikan
Thank thanked thanked berterima kasih
Tolerate tolerated tolerated toleransi
Trade traded traded berdagang
Try tried tried mencoba
Uncoil uncoiled uncoiled menguraikan
Unite united united mempersatukan
Value valued valued menilai
Venture ventured ventured mengajukan
Vex vexed vexed mendongkolkan
Vomit vomited vomited muntah
Want wanted wanted ingin
Watch watched watched menonton
Water watered watered menyiram
Whir whired whired menderu
Whop whopped whopped menggebuk
Work worked worked bekerja
Yap yapped yapped menggonggongi
Yield yielded yielded menghasilkan
References
1. T. J. Fitikides, B.A., F.I.L., Common Mistake in English, Fifth Edition, Binarupa Aksara,
Jakarta 2010.
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