Abayan, Jhestine Marielle M.
August 20, 2018
4Bio3
Scientists that contributed in the field of Embryology
Name
1. Reinier de Graaf (1641 - 1673)
2. Caspar Friedrich Wolff (1733 - 1794)
3. Karl von Baer (1792-1876)
4. Martin Heinrich Rathke (1793 - 1860)
Contribution
 Published works on female genital organs.
He was first to describe the "Graafian
follicle" in the ovary of mammals, but
erroneously believed the entire follicle to
be the mammalian oocyte (egg).
 Best known today for the Wolffian duct
(mesonephric duct), Wolffian body
(mesonephros) and Wolffian cyst
(mesonephric origin uterine broad
ligament cyst) that bear his name. Thought
also to be a founder of the germ layer
theory. His doctorate dissertation Theoria
generationis discarded the developmental
theory of preformation.
 Published Über Entwickelungsgeschichte
der Thiere (On the Developmental History
of Animals) 1828, which states, “More
general characters of a large group appear
earlier in the embryo than the more
special characters.From the most general
forms the less general are developed, and
so on, until finally the most special arises.
Every embryo of a given animal form,
instead of passing through the other
forms, rather becomes separated from
them. Fundamentally, therefore, the
embryo of a higher form never resembles
any other form, but only its embryo.
 Best known today for identifying "Rathke's
pouch" (1839), a transient folding surface
ectoderm from roof of the oral cavity that
will form the anterior pituitary
(hypophysis).
 Name
5. Johannes Peter Müller (1801 - 1858)
6. Robert Remak (1815 - 1865)
7. Wilhelm Roux (1850 – 1924)
8. Ambrosius Hubrecht (1853 – 1915)
9. Franz Keibel (1861 - 1929)
10. Florence Sabin (1871 - 1953)
Contribution
 First to describe the duct that contributes
the female internal genital tract and
named after him, the "Müllerian duct".
 Discovered (1838) the non-medullated
nerve fibres, named (1842) the three
embryo germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm
and endoderm) and (1844) identified the
nerve cells of the heart, called Remak's
ganglia.
 Pioneer of experimental embryology and
described "Entwicklungsmechanik"
(mechanisms) a physiological approach to
embryology. One experiment used a
heated needle to kill at the frog 2 cell stage
one of the blastomeres.
 He created the Institut International
d'Embryologie (International Institute of
Embryology) in Utrecht, The Netherlands,
in 1911. He supported Charles Darwin's
work, and collected specimens of embryos
from around the world to demonstrate
evolutionary connections between
animals.
 Beginning in 1897 he was the editor of the
series "vertebrate embryological standard
panels" (Normentafeln zur
Entwicklungsgeschichte der Wirbeltiere),
published in German, each volume covered
a specific vertebrate species. This included
human embryos (Homo sapiens). These
standard tables form the basis of the
modern embryological staging systems.
 generated a three-dimensional model of a
newborn human brainstem, An Atlas of the
Medulla and Midbrain (1901) and
published on the embryological
development of the lymphatic system