RESUMEN ABSTRACT
Introducción. El dolor es una experiencia sensorial y emocional Introduction. Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional expe-
desagradable que resulta de un daño tisular real o potencial. Se rience resulting from actual or potential tissue damage. It is estima-
estima que la incidencia del dolor agudo postoperatorio (DAPO) es ted that the incidence of acute postoperative pain (APOP) is bet-
de 20-70%. El inadecuado control del mismo provoca cambios en ween 20 to 70%. Inadequate control of postoperative pain causes
la función pulmonar, cardiovascular y endocrina; su mal tratamien- changes in lung function, cardiovascular and endocrine function
to incrementa la morbilidad. Objetivo. Determinar la incidencia and increases the morbidity. In terms of management, adequate
de DAPO en cirugía ginecológica, opciones de tratamiento y su control impact in reducing the hospital stay and reducing health
eficacia. Material y métodos. Estudio prospectivo, transversal, costs. Objective. Determine the incidence of acute APOP, treat-
descriptivo y analítico, realizado en postoperadas de cirugía gine- ment options and their effectiveness in gynecologic surgery. Mate-
cológica en el Hospital de la Mujer, SSA, México, D.F., durante el rial and methods. Prospective, transversal, descriptive and analy-
1 de abril al 31 de mayo 2011. Resultados. Se estudiaron 75 tical study in women of postoperative gynecological surgery at the
pacientes. La media de edad fue de 41.03 ± 10.5 años. La cirugía Women’s Hospital, Ministry of Health; Mexico City, during the pe-
más frecuente fue la histerectomía total abdominal (HTA) con riod of April 1st to May 31st, 2011. Results. The final sample
68.0% (n = 51). El 58.7% recibió anestesia general (n = 44). La consisted of 75 patients. The average age was 41.03 ± 10.5 years.
incidencia de DAPO fue de 94.7%. La media de escala verbal The most common type of gynecological surgery was total abdomi-
numérica al dolor (EVN) fue de 5.67 ± 3.4 puntos en el postope- nal hysterectomy with 68.0% (n = 51). The 58.7% (n = 44) received
ratorio inmediato. La media de reducción del dolor con el tratamiento mixed general anesthesia, 41.3% (n = 31) was epidural anesthesia.
analgésico empleado fue de 1.39 ± 4.33 puntos. En 56.0% The operative time was 1.95 ± 0.51 h. APOP incidence was 94.7%. The
(n = 42) se utilizaron únicamente antiinflamatorios no esteroideos result in Numeric Verbal Pain Scale (NVPS) was 5.67 ± 3.4 points
(AINEs) con antiespasmódicos. Sólo 13.3% de las pacientes in the immediate postoperative period and 4.2 ± 8.2 points in
(n = 10) refirieron estar satisfechas con la atención del DAPO. mediate postoperative period. The reduction in pain with anal-
Conclusiones. Evaluar y tratar adecuadamente el DAPO es fun- gesic therapy was 1.39 ± 4.33 points evaluated by NVPS. In 56.0%
damental en el tratamiento postoperatorio. Su adecuado tratamiento (n = 42) was used only nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
eleva la calidad asistencial y la satisfacción global de las pacientes. in combination with antispasmodics. Only 13.3% (n = 10) of the
referred patients satisfied with the healthcare of APOP. Conclu-
sions. Evaluate and properly treat the APOP is essential in the
postoperative treatment. Poor treatment raises the quality of care
and overall satisfaction of patients.
Palabras clave. Dolor agudo postoperatorio. Calidad de la aten- Key words. Postoperative pain. Gynecological surgery. Quality of
ción. Tratamiento del dolor. healthcare.
Correspondencia:
Mtro. Nilson Agustín Contreras-Carreto
Jefatura de Medicina Interna, Hospital de la Mujer. Prolongación Salvador Díaz Mirón, Núm. 374. Col. Santo Tomás. Deleg. Miguel
Hidalgo, CP. 11340. México, D.F. Tel.: (55) 5341-1100 Ext. 1203
Correo electrónico: medicinainterna_hmujer@yahoo.com.mx
144 Rev
Rev Invest Invest
Med SurMed
Mex,Sur Mex, 2012; 19 2012;
Julio-Septiembre (3): 144-148
19 (3): 144-148
Calderón-Estrada M, et al.
Colpoperineoplastia 11%
6
LAPE 11%
Cistopexia 3% HTA 70%
5
Puntaje obtenido y EVC
HTV 5% aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a 4
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa 3
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
2
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a 1
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa 0
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa EVP PO inmediato EVP PO mediato
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
Figura 2. Calificación de la intensidad del dolor mediante la EVN en
el postoperatorio inmediato y mediato. EVN PO Inmediato: escala
verbal numérica al dolor en postoperatorio inmediato. EVN PO
Figura 1. Tipos de cirugía ginecológica. Principales tipos de ciru- mediato: escala verbal numérica al dolor en postoperatorio media-
gía ginecológica en el Hospital de la Mujer. to. p ≥ 0.05.
9. Esteve N, del Rosario E, Giménez I, Montero F, Baena M, Ferrer 15. Feng J, Chung F. Postoperative pain: a challenge for anesthetists
A. Analgesia postoperatoria en cirugía mayor: ¿Es hora de cam- in ambulatory surgery. Can J Anaesth 1998; 45: 293-6.
biar nuestros protocolos? Rev Soc Esp Dolor 2009; 16: 239-45. 16. Austrup ML, Korean G. Analgesic agents for the postoperative
10. Muñoz-Ramón JM, Carr DB, Sukiennik A, Wurn WH. Tratamien- period, Opioids. Surg Clin North Am 1999; 79: 253-73.
to del dolor agudo postoperatorio. Protocolos y procedimientos 17. González de Mejía N. Analgesia multimodal postoperatoria. Rev
del New England Medical Center de Boston. Rev Soc Esp Dolor Soc Esp Dolor 12 2005; 2: 112-8.
2002; 9: 176-88. 18. Santiago A, Águila D, Nieto-Monteagudo C, González-Cabrera
11. Rawal N, Berggren L. Organization of acute pain services. A low N, González-Pérez E. Analgesia postoperatoria con tramadol
cost model. Pain 1994; 57: 117-23. epidural tras histerectomía abdominal. Rev Soc Esp Dolor 2006;
12. ASA. Practice guidelines for obstetric anesthesia: an updated 6: 399-405.
report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force 19. Real J, Pulido C, López-Galera S, Gordo F, Fernández-Galinsk
on Obstetric Anesthesia. Anesthesiology 2007; 106: 843-63. D. Conocimientos y actitudes de pacientes y personal sanitario
13. Kwok RF, Lim J, Chan MT, Gin T, Chiu WK. Preoperative keta- frente al dolor postoperatorio. Rev Soc Esp Dolor 2007; 1: 3-8.
mine improves postoperative analgesia after gynecologic lapa- 20. Gil M, Vázquez-Guerrero JC, Rodríguez de la Torre MR, Gallego
roscopic surgery. Anesth Analg 2004; 98: 1044-9. JI. Estimación de la prevalencia e intensidad del dolor postope-
14. Schwenk W, Schinkel B. Perioperative pain therapy. Chirurg 2011; ratorio y su relación con la satisfacción de los pacientes. Rev Soc
82: 539-56. Esp Dolor 2004; 4: 197-202.