4. Business incubation is one of the means that promotes the overall business
Binsawad 2018).
2005: 111) through the provision of support that provides a ‘safe harbour’ for
globally from their first appearance in the United States in the 1950s (driven
initially by urban renewal projects) to over 2300 in the United States and
Europe currently. Since 2000, the number of incubators in the United States
has almost trebled while that in Europe has more than doubled (Bruneel et al.,
2012). This post-2000 growth has been driven primarily by technology start-
developing knowledge economies and for local and regional economic growth
(Etzkowitz et al., 2000; Link and Siegel, 2007). Business incubators purport
to add value in a number of ways, but their main value proposition is to help
new and fledgling ventures survive and grow in the early stages of operation
mereka dengan sumber daya eksternal dan jaringan - disebut sebagai 'bridging'
(Amezcua et al., 2013: 1633). Angka inkubator telah tumbuh secara global
Amerika Serikat dan Eropa saat ini. Sejak tahun 2000, jumlah inkubator di
Amerika Serikat hampir tiga kali lipat sementara di Eropa memiliki lebih dari
dua kali lipat (Bruneel et al., 2012). Pertumbuhan pasca-2000 ini terutama
dan untuk pertumbuhan ekonomi lokal dan regional (Etzkowitz dkk., 2000;
Link dan Siegel, 2007 ). Inkubator bisnis dimaksudkan untuk menambah nilai
dalam beberapa cara, tetapi proposisi nilai utama mereka adalah membantu
usaha baru dan pemula bertahan hidup dan tumbuh di tahap awal operasi
Grimaldi and Grandi 2005; Scillitoe and Chakrabarti 2005; Bergek and
applied by the incubator management, focus on firms from solely one sector’
(Hong, 2018).
Inkubator bisnis (BIs) secara luas dianggap sebagai mekanisme yang efektif
2002; Grimaldi dan Grandi 2005; Scillitoe dan Chakrabarti 2005; Bergek dan
Norrman 2008; Schwartz dan Hornych 2010). Menurut definisi Schwartz dan
khusus jika elemen dan proses dukungan, serta kriteria seleksi yang
diterapkan oleh manajemen inkubator, fokus pada perusahaan dari hanya satu
10. The definitions of a business incubator may vary in detail but agree in some
management and offered both in the business incubator and through its
dan layanan yang ditargetkan. Layanan ini biasanya dikembangkan atau diatur
targeted to start-ups and early stage firms with the goal of improving their
Inkubator bisnis menampilkan diri sebagai alternatif untuk usaha kecil dan
2018).
13. One of the most effective institutions for supporting small business is the
Salah satu lembaga yang paling efektif untuk mendukung usaha kecil adalah
14. McAdam and Marlow (2008) demonstrated that the concept of business
McAdam & Marlow, 2007; Smilor & Gill, 1986) since they make available
support and aid to start-ups ((Roberts, 1991). Business incubators offer the
Gill, Livesey & Minshall, 2011; Lewis, Harper-Anderson & Molnar, 2011;
McAdam & Marlow, 2007; Smilor & Gill, 1986) karena mereka menyediakan
pembiayaan, layanan dukungan bisnis dan teknis, ruang kantor bersama, akses
15. Business incubators are the tool for the entrepreneurs to provide the facilities
special entity that is dedicated to provide training services for those filtered
17. A business Incubator Is a facility that provides affordable space, shared office
18. The general idea of what research scholars see as business incubators is that
they are in-stitutions concerned with speeding up the growth, financial and
services and support (EC, 2002; Bergek & Norrman, 2008; Mendoza, 2009;
Levakova, 2012; Moreira et al. 2012; Masutha & Rogerson, 2014) with a
strong emphasis on knowledge agglomeration, resource sharing,
start-ups deal with the challenges of entrepreneurial pursuit (Phan et al. 2005;
Gagasan umum dari apa yang para peneliti riset lihat sebagai inkubator bisnis
ditargetkan (EC, 2002; Bergek & Norrman, 2008; Mendoza, 2009; Levakova,
2012; Moreira dkk. 2012; Masutha & Rogerson, 2014) dengan penekanan
kuat pada aglomerasi pengetahuan, berbagi sumber daya, inovasi dan daya
19. Business incubators are established and diffused organisations that support
follow the approach of Amezcua et al. (2013), who draw on the resource
kewirausahaan, dan mereka telah banyak dipelajari hingga saat ini. Kami
mengikuti pendekatan Amezcua et al. (2013), yang memanfaatkan teori
guidance from other business elements with the aim of making the business
into a company that is profitable, has the proper organizational and financial
21. In this context, most studies find that business incubators are a tool to foster
2007; Smilor &Gill, 1986) because they provide support and aid to start-ups
(Roberts, 1991). The services provided by the business incubators are vital for
Lewis dkk., 2011; McAdam & Marlow, 2007; Smilor & Gill, 1986) karena
22. Allen and Rahman (1985) define the small business incubator as a center that
helps young companies to grow in their early stages by providing them with a
services(Albort, 2016).
Allen dan Rahman (1985) mendefinisikan inkubator bisnis kecil sebagai pusat
yang membantu perusahaan muda untuk tumbuh di tahap awal mereka dengan
23. Allen and Bazan (1990) define incubators as networks or organizations that
2016).
houses young, small firms to help them develop quickly into competitive
Menurut Hughes et al. (2007), inkubator bisnis adalah “sebuah fasilitas yang
2016).
layanan dukungan bisnis yang dapat mencakup ruang fisik, modal, pelatihan,
2016).
entity which performs a set of activities or services for incubated firms, such
as facility renting, coaching, training and networking (Mian, 1996; 1997;
Rice, 2002; Peters et al., 2004; Bergek and Norrman, 2008; Bøllingtoft, 2012;
Vanderstraeten and Matthyssens, 2012, Lai and Lin, 2015) (Baraldi, 2016).
dan jaringan (Mian, 1996; 1997; Rice, 2002; Peters et al. , 2004; Bergek dan
27. Business incubators are organizations that supply joint location, services,
business support and networks to early stage ventures” (Bergek and Norrman,
and links resources with the objective of facilitating the successful new
venture development” (Hackett and Dilts, 2004: 57, our italics); or “a place
where specific professional resources are organized to help the emergence and
first development of new companies” (Albert and Gaynor, 2006: 134). Thus,
place, resources, services, control and time issues appear as common themes
layanan, dukungan bisnis dan jaringan untuk usaha tahap awal ”(Bergek dan
Norrman, 2008: 22; cetak miring kami); "Sistem intervensi nilai tambah" yang
2004: 57, cetak miring kami); atau "tempat di mana sumber daya profesional
perusahaan baru" (Albert dan Gaynor, 2006: 134). Dengan demikian, tempat,
sumber daya, layanan, kontrol dan masalah waktu muncul sebagai tema
28. In other words, a business incubator can be viewed as any organization (cf.
Bergek and Norrman, 2008: 22) or even a company (Phan et al., 2005: 175)
Dengan kata lain, inkubator bisnis dapat dipandang sebagai organisasi apa
pun (bdk. Bergek dan Norrman, 2008: 22) atau bahkan perusahaan (Phan et
menciptakan nilai (Ramirez, 1999) dalam waktu dan ruang tertentu, dengan
29. While the term “business incubator” is generally used to describe the structure
for entrepreneurs to incubate and eventually “graduate” (i.e. move out the
lasts about three to four years in China, we specifically use the term
“entrepreneurial incubator” (EI) in China’s similar process in order to denote
biasanya merupakan proses yang berlangsung sekitar tiga hingga empat tahun
(EI) dalam proses serupa China untuk menunjukkan keunikan inkubator bisnis
Business incubators are perceived to foster the creation of new firms and
supporting existing ones (Bergek & Norrman, 2008; Lose & Tengeh, 2015)
developing them during the start-up phase (Ndabeni, 2008; Cullen, Calitz &
(Lose,2016).
baru dan mendukung yang sudah ada (Bergek & Norrman, 2008; Lose &
(Ndabeni, 2008 ; Cullen, Calitz & Chandler, 2014; Chirambo, 2014; Albort-
(Smilor & Gill, 1986) and in the private sector incubation through rent-
seeking has grown into a separate industry, with the involvement of investors
as a way to improve the deal flow of their portfolio (Miller and Bound, 2011)
(Pauwels, 2016).
Gill, 1986) dan dalam inkubasi sektor swasta melalui pencarian sewa telah
the pursuit of survival and growth (partly derivedfrom Allen and Rahman
2016).