Matter Notes

Review from 6th grade:

 All matter is made up of atoms.
 Atoms of the same element are all alike, but are different from the atoms of other elements.
 The addition and subtraction of heat changes the motion of atoms and molecules.
 A change in heat can cause a phase change.

Matter
Matter is anything that has ____________ and takes up ____________.
The three states of matter are:

1. Solid
a. Fixed shape AND ___________ that does not _____________.
b. Intermolecular forces are _________ _____________.
c. Motion of the molecules is very small (molecules ______________ around a
_____________ location).

2. Liquid
a. ____________ volume, but a ____________ that can change.
b. Intermolecular forces are not as strong as in a _________.
c. Molecules are ___________ ____________, but _____ _____ have fixed positions.
(molecules “slip and slide” past one another allowing liquids to flow)

3. Gas
a. No fixed shape ______ volume
b. Intermolecular forces are ____________ in gases than in __________ ___
__________.
c. Molecules move about _____________ without being held together (this allows gases
to _______________ to fill any container they are in)

Atoms and Molecules

The atom is the basic building block of ______________, and it is the _______________ unit of an
______________. A single atom has mass and takes up space, and all ______________ is
composed of ______________. An atom has ____________ parts:

1. ________________: negative charge, located in the electron cloud

2. ________________: positive charge, located in the nucleus
3. ________________: no charge/neutral, located in the nucleus

Protons and neutrons make up the center of an atom (the __________________) and are held
together really tightly by _______________.

Elements
 Elements are composed of _______ _________ of atom.
 Elements are ________ _________________ that cannot be changed into simpler
substances.
 All forms of matter are composed of one or more of the ___________________.
Compounds
 Compounds are pure substances that are composed of _______ ___ _______ types of
elements that are _______________ combined.
 Compounds can only be changed into simpler substances called ______________ through
_________________ _________________.
 Molecules can either be _______________ (H2, O2, N2)
or _______________ (HCl, H2O, CO2).

Mixtures
 Mixtures are ______________ combinations of ______ ____ ________ different substances
that _________ their own individual properties when they are combined _________________
(mixed together).
 Mixtures can be _________________ by physical means (filtration, sifting, or evaporation).

Mixtures may be heterogeneous or homogeneous.

 In a heterogeneous mixture, which is _____ ________________ throughout, the individual
substances can be ____________ distinguished.
Ex: Tossed salad, granite, and iced tea
 In a homogeneous mixture, which is _______________ throughout, the substances are
___________ ______________ and cannot be visibly distinguished.
Ex: Air, steel, clear salt-water