PENGETAHUAN CEKUNGAN

BATUBARA DAN GMB DI INDONESIA

(GEO-330314)

Modifikasi dari kuliah Dr. Budhi Kuswan

Susilo, S.T., M.T. dan kuliah umum
Dr. Basuki Rahmad
PEMBENTUKAN BATUBARA
 Bagaimana
Endapan Batubara
terbentuk?
Formation of Coal from Swamp Deposits
Forest peat/
Tumbuhan kayu
(SWAMP/TROPIS)
Tumbuhan Perdu
(MARSH) Tumbuhan Perdu
(FEN)

Jenis-jenis tumbuhan yang tumbuh di danau dan sikuen yang

dihasilkan dengan perbedaan tipe dari lumpur organik dan
gambut (Overbeck, 1950 dalam Taylor, 1998)

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Rezim Hidrologi Fasies Gambut
(Mitsch & Gosselink, 1986)

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Tumbuhan tersebut mengalami pembusukan
secara sempurna dan tidak meninggalkan
bekas (sumber Geoservice,

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7
RAWA HUTAN BASAH
(WET FOREST SWAMP)

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RAWA HUTAN BASAH
(WET FOREST SWAMP)

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RAWA HUTAN BASAH
(WET FOREST SWAMP)

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 ALLOCHTON
HUTAN KERING

HUTAN BASAH

DANAU PURBA

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PEMBENTUKAN FOSSIL

Decaying Vegetation

PEAT
Seat Earth
Sandstone

Shale
Consolidate peat
Seat Earth
Sandstone
Shale
Lignite
Seat Earth
Sandstone
Shale
Coal Seam 12
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 Tekanan

Lignite Temperature

Sub bituminous
PEAT
Bituminous
Anthracite Umur

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Forest peat/
Tumbuhan kayu
(SWAMP/TROPIS)
Tumbuhan Perdu
(MARSH) Tumbuhan Perdu
(FEN)

Jenis-jenis tumbuhan yang tumbuh di danau dan sikuen yang

dihasilkan dengan perbedaan tipe dari lumpur organik dan
gambut (Overbeck, 1950 dalam Taylor, 1998)

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• Coal-Forming Environments: A generalized diagram of a swamp, showing how
water depth, preservation conditions, plant types and plant productivity can vary
in different parts of the swamp. These variations will yield different types of coal.
Illustration by the West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey.
Coal is formed when peat is altered physically and
chemically. This process is called "coalification."
Formation of Coal from Swamp Deposits
 Formation of Coal
The Formation of Coal Involves Several Steps:

1) Formation of Peat.
 Swamps are areas where organic matter from
plants accumulate. As the plants die and get buried Peat
they compact to become peat. With time and more
compaction, almost all of the water is lost and
three different grades of coal result. Burial
2) Formation of Lignite Coal.
Compaction
 Compaction of the peat due to burial drives off
volatile components like water and methane,
eventually producing a black-colored, organic-rich
coal called lignite .
 Soft brown coal which consist of about 40% carbon Lignite Coal Seam

and do not burn efficiently. Burial

Coal formation
• Peat: A mass of recently accumulated to partially carbonized plant
debris. This material is on its way to becoming coal but its plant
debris source is still easily recognizable.
 This type of coal is composed of large amounts of
spores, resins or algal materials. These types of plant
debris are very resistant to decay.

A thin section of coal made up almost

exclusively of very well-preserved woody
material
It contains large amounts of preserved
algal debris which appear in this
image as the yellow-orange particles.
• Bituminous Coal: Bituminous coal is typically a banded sedimentary
rock. In this photo you can see bright and dull bands of coal
material oriented horizontally across the specimen.