ASSIGNMENT II

CHE555
NUMERICAL METHODS AND OPTIMIZATION

NAME AHMAD HASANUL FIKRI BIN MOHD. YUSOFF (2017631994)

(STUDENT ID) MUHAMMAD RADHI BIN AZIZ (2017631906)
MUHAMMAD IRFAN HILMAN BIN HAZALI (2017631998)

GROUP EH2203A
FACULTY FACULTY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
LECTURER NAME DR SHERIF ABDULBARI ALI
Question 1
𝐵⁄
𝜇 = 𝐷𝑒 𝑇𝑎

1
ln 𝜇 = (𝐷) + 𝐵
𝑇𝑎
𝑇𝑎 = 𝑇(°𝐶) + 273.15
𝑦 = ln 𝜇
𝑎0 = ln(𝐷)
𝐷 = 𝑒 𝑎0
𝑎1 = 𝐵
1
𝑥=
𝑇𝑎
𝑦 = 𝑎0 + 𝑎1 (𝑥)

Apply Least-Square method for the transformed form exponential model to find regression
coefficients as follows:

𝑛 ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖 𝑦𝑖 − ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖 ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑦𝑖

𝑎1 = 2
𝑛 ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖2 − (∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖 )

𝑖 𝑇(°𝐶) 𝑇𝑎 (𝐾) 1 𝜇𝑖 𝑦𝑖 = ln 𝜇𝑖 𝑥𝑖 𝑦𝑖 𝑥𝑖2

𝑥𝑖 = ( )
𝑇𝑎 𝑖
1.0000 0.0000 273.1500 0.0037 1.7870 0.5805 0.0021 1.3403x10-5
2.0000 5.0000 278.1500 0.0036 1.5190 0.4181 0.0015 1.2925x10-5
3.0000 10.0000 283.1500 0.0035 1.3070 0.2677 0.0009 1.2473x10-5
4.0000 20.0000 293.1500 0.0034 1.0020 0.0020 0.0000 1.1636x10-5
5.0000 30.0000 303.1500 0.0033 0.7975 -0.2263 -0.0007 1.0881x10-5
6.0000 40.0000 313.1500 0.0032 0.6529 -0.4263 -0.0014 1.0198x10-5
Ʃ 0.0207 0.6157 0.0025 7.1516x10-5

By substituting the corresponding values at the bottom of the table to the least square equations
given,
6(0.0025) − (0.0207)(0.6157)
𝑎1 = = 2150.8 = 𝐵
6(7.1516 × 10−5 ) − (0.0207)2
0.6157 0.0207
𝑎0 = ( ) − 2150.8 ( ) = −7.3143 = ln(𝐷)
6 6
𝐷 = 𝑒 𝑎0 = 𝑒 −7.3143 = 0.0007
𝑦 = 2150.8𝑥 − 7.3143
Untransformed Data Graph:

Transformed Data Graph:

QUESTION 1 (EXCEL)

µ= D*exp^(B/Ta)
ln(µ)= ln(D)+(B/Ta)
Ta= 𝑇(℃)+273.15
y= ln(µ)
a0= ln(D)
D= 𝑒xp^𝑎0
a1= B
x= 1/Ta
y= a0+a1*(x)

𝒊 𝑇(℃) 𝑇𝑎 (𝐾) xi = (1/Ta)i µi yi= ln (µi) xi*yi xi^2

1.0000 0.0000 273.1500 0.0037 1.7870 0.5805 0.0021 1.3403E-05
2.0000 5.0000 278.1500 0.0036 1.5190 0.4181 0.0015 1.2925E-05
3.0000 10.0000 283.1500 0.0035 1.3070 0.2677 0.0009 1.2473E-05
4.0000 20.0000 293.1500 0.0034 1.0020 0.0020 0.0000 1.1636E-05
5.0000 30.0000 303.1500 0.0033 0.7975 -0.2263 -0.0007 1.0881E-05
6.0000 40.0000 313.1500 0.0032 0.6529 -0.4263 -0.0014 1.0198E-05
∑ 0.0207 0.6157 0.0025 7.1516E-05

Find the mean, 𝑥 ̅= (∑xi )/n = 0.0034

𝑦 ̅= (∑yi )/n = 0.1026

Calculate the slope, a1= [(n*∑xi*yi)-(∑xi*∑yi)]/[(n*∑xi^2)-(∑xi)^2]

= 2.1508E+03

B= a1

= 2.1508E+03

Find the intercept, a0= 𝑦 ̅-a1𝑥 ̅

= -7.3143

ln(D)= -7.3143

D= exp^a0

= 0.0007

So, y= a1+a0*(x)

= (2.1503E+03)-7.3143*(x)

µ= D*exp^(B/Ta)

0.0007*exp^(2.1508E+03/Ta)
 Untransformed Data Graph:

Exponential Equation Graph

2.0000
1.7870
1.8000
1.5190
1.6000

1.4000 1.3070
µ (10-3N.s/m2)

1.2000
1.0020
1.0000
0.7975 y = 0.0007e2150.8x
0.8000 0.6529 R² = 0.998

0.6000

0.4000

0.2000

0.0000
0.0031 0.0032 0.0033 0.0034 0.0035 0.0036 0.0037
1/Ta (K-1)

µi Expon. (µi)

Transformed Data Graph:

Linearization Of Exponential Equation Graph

0.8000

0.5805
0.6000
0.4181
0.4000
y = 2150.8x - 7.3143 0.2677
R² = 0.998
0.2000
ln (µ)

0.0020
0.0000
0.0031 0.0032 0.0033 0.0034 0.0035 0.0036 0.0037
-0.2263
-0.2000

-0.4263
-0.4000

-0.6000
1/Ta (K-1)

yi= ln (µi) Linear (yi= ln (µi))

Question 2

Given:
𝑡
𝐻 = 𝑒𝑎𝑏 ∫0 𝑞𝐴 𝑑𝑡

Derived:
𝑡
𝐻 = 𝑒𝑎𝑏 𝐴 ∫ 𝑞 𝑑𝑡
0

𝑡
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑞 𝑑𝑡
0

𝑖𝑓 𝑞 = 𝑓(𝑥), 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑑𝑥, 𝑡=𝑥

𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
0

𝑥 = 𝑡 = 14 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟

14
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
0
❖ After 14-hour period heat absorbed by the collector

𝐻𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑒𝑎𝑏 𝐴 𝐼𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐼𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = ∑ 𝐼𝑛

Where A=area and q=heat flux

t 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

q 0.10 1.62 5.32 6.29 7.80 8.81 8.00 8.57 8.03 7.04 6.27 5.56 3.54 1.00 0.20

𝑒𝑎𝑏 = 45% = 0.45 𝐴 = 150,000 𝑐𝑚2

(𝑏−𝑎) (2−0)
ℎ1 = = =1
𝑛 2
1
𝐼1 ∶ 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑠𝑜𝑛′ 𝑠 𝑅𝑢𝑙𝑒
3
t 0 1 2

q 0.10 1.62 5.32

(𝑏−𝑎) (5−2)
ℎ2 = 𝑛
= =1 3
3
𝐼2 ∶ 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑠𝑜𝑛′ 𝑠 𝑅𝑢𝑙𝑒
8
t 2 3 4 5

q 5.32 6.29 7.80 8.81

(𝑏−𝑎) (2−0)
ℎ3 = 𝑛
= 2
=1
1
𝐼3 ∶ 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑠𝑜𝑛′ 𝑠 𝑅𝑢𝑙𝑒
3
t 5 6 7

q 8.81 8.00 8.57

 (𝑏−𝑎) (9−7)
ℎ4 = 𝑛
= 2
=1
1
𝐼4 ∶ 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑠𝑜𝑛′ 𝑠 𝑅𝑢𝑙𝑒
3
t 7 8 9

q 8.57 8.03 7.04

(𝑏−𝑎) (12−9)
ℎ5 = 𝑛
= 3
=1
3
𝐼5 ∶ 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑠𝑜𝑛′ 𝑠 𝑅𝑢𝑙𝑒
8
t 9 10 11 12

q 7.04 6.27 5.56 3.54

(𝑏−𝑎) (14−12)
ℎ6 = = =1
𝑛 2
1
𝐼6 ∶ 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑠𝑜𝑛′ 𝑠 𝑅𝑢𝑙𝑒
3
t 12 13 14

q 3.54 1.00 0.20

Calculation of 𝐼1 , 𝐼2 , 𝐼3 , 𝐼4 , 𝐼5 , 𝐼6

1
𝐼1 ∶ 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑠𝑜𝑛′ 𝑠 𝑅𝑢𝑙𝑒
3
𝑓(𝑥0 ) + 4𝑓(𝑥1 ) + 𝑓(𝑥2 )
𝐼1 = (𝑏 − 𝑎)
6
(0.10) + 4(1.62) + (5.32)
𝐼1 = (2 − 0)
6
𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐼1 = 3.9667
𝑐𝑚2

3
𝐼2 ∶ 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑠𝑜𝑛′ 𝑠 𝑅𝑢𝑙𝑒
8
𝑓(𝑥0 ) + 3𝑓(𝑥1 ) + 3𝑓(𝑥2 ) + 𝑓(𝑥3 )
𝐼2 = (𝑏 − 𝑎)
8
(5.32) + 3(6.29) + 3(7.80) + (8.81)
𝐼2 = (5 − 2)
8
𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐼2 = 21.15
𝑐𝑚2

1
𝐼3 ∶ 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑠𝑜𝑛′ 𝑠 𝑅𝑢𝑙𝑒
3
𝑓(𝑥0 ) + 4𝑓(𝑥1 ) + 𝑓(𝑥2 )
𝐼3 = (𝑏 − 𝑎)
6
(8.81) + 4(8.00) + (8.57)
𝐼3 = (7 − 5)
6
𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐼3 = 16.46
𝑐𝑚2
 1
𝐼4 ∶ 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑠𝑜𝑛′ 𝑠 𝑅𝑢𝑙𝑒
3
𝑓(𝑥0 ) + 4𝑓(𝑥1 ) + 𝑓(𝑥2 )
𝐼4 = (𝑏 − 𝑎)
6
(8.57) + 4(8.03) + (7.04)
𝐼4 = (9 − 7)
6
𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐼4 = 15.91
𝑐𝑚2

3
𝐼5 ∶ 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑠𝑜𝑛′ 𝑠 𝑅𝑢𝑙𝑒
8
𝑓(𝑥0 ) + 3𝑓(𝑥1 ) + 3𝑓(𝑥2 ) + 𝑓(𝑥3 )
𝐼5 = (𝑏 − 𝑎)
8
(7.04) + 3(6.27) + 3(5.56) + (3.54)
𝐼5 = (12 − 9)
8
𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐼5 = 17.2763
𝑐𝑚2

1
𝐼6 ∶ 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑠𝑜𝑛′ 𝑠 𝑅𝑢𝑙𝑒
3
𝑓(𝑥0 ) + 4𝑓(𝑥1 ) + 𝑓(𝑥2 )
𝐼6 = (𝑏 − 𝑎)
6
(3.54) + 4(1.00) + (0.20)
𝐼6 = (14 − 12)
6
𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐼6 = 2.58
𝑐𝑚2

𝐼𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝐼1 + 𝐼2 + 𝐼3 + 𝐼4 + 𝐼5 + 𝐼6

𝐼𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 3.9667 + 21.15 + 16.46 + 15.91 + 17.2763 + 2.58

𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐼𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 77.343
𝑐𝑚2
❖ After 14-hour period heat absorbed by the collector

𝐻𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑒𝑎𝑏 𝐴 𝐼𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙

𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐻𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = (0.45) (150,000 𝑐𝑚2 )(77.343 )
𝑐𝑚2

𝐻𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 5220652.5 𝑐𝑎𝑙