PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MAYNILA

(University of the City of Manila)

Intramuros, Manila

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Experiment No.1

Familiarization of
Electronic Symbol

Submitted by:
Manuelito O. Borja

Submitted to:
Engr. Carlos Sison
 Symbol Description Application
Power Supplies
Used to provide a supply for a
Cell circuit.

A battery has more than a cell

and is used for the same
purpose. The smaller terminal
Battery
is negative and the larger one
is positive. Abbreviated as ‘B’.

Used as a DC power supply,

that is, the current will always
DC Supply
flow in one direction.

Used as AC power supply, that

is, the current will keep
AC Supply
alternating directions.

Used in circuits where a

probability of excessive
current flows. The fuse will
Fuse
break the circuit if excessive
current flows and saves the
other devices from damage.

Used in electronic circuits to

represent the 0 volts of the
power supply. It can also be
Earth/Ground
defined as the real earth ,
when it is applied in radio
circuits and power circuits.
 Used as an ac power supply.
Consists of two coils, the
primary and secondary that
are linked together through an
Transformer iron core. There is no physical
connection between the two
coils. The principle of mutual
inductance is used to obtain
power. Abbreviated as ‘T’.

Wires
Represents a conductor that
conducts electrical current.
Wire
Also called a power line or
electric line or wire.

One device may be connected

to another through wires. This
Wires Joined is represented by drawing
“blobs” on the point where
they are shorted.

Represents two unconnected

Unjoined Wires
wires/conductors.

Resistor
A resistor is used to restrict
the amount of current flow
Resistor
through a device. Abbreviated
as ‘R’.
 A rheostat is used to control
the current flow with two
Rheostat contacts. Applicable in
controlling lamp brightness,
capacitor charge rate, etc.

A potentiometer is used to
control the voltage flow and
has three contacts. Have
Potentiometer applications in changing a
mechanical angle change to
an electrical parameter.
Abbreviated as ‘POT’.

Presets are low cost variable

resistors that are used to
control the charge flow with
the help of a screw driver.
Preset Applications where the
resistance is determined only
at the end of the circuit
design.

Diode
A diode is used to allow
Diode electric current to flow in only
one direction. Abbreviated as
‘D’.

LED is used to emit light when

Light Emitting Diode a current is passed through
(LED) the device. It is abbreviated as
LED.
 After a breakdown voltage, the
device allows current to flow
Zener Diode
in the reverse direction as
well. It is abbreviated as ‘Z’.

Photodiode works as a photo-

detector and converts light
Photo Diode
into its corresponding voltage
or current.

Tunnel Diode is known for its

high-speed operation due to
Tunnel Diode
its application in quantum
mechanical effects.

The Schottky Diode is known

for its large forward voltage
Schottky Diode drop and hence has great
applications in switching
circuits.

Capacitor
Capacitor is a device that is
used to store electrical energy.
It consists of two metals plates
that are separated by a
Capacitor dielectric. It is applicable as a
filter, that is, to block DC
signals and allow AC signals.
Abbreviated with the letter
‘C’.
 Capacitor can be used in a
Capacitor –
timer circuit by adding a
Polarized
resistor.

Used to vary the capacitance

by turning the knob. A type of
variable capacitor is the
Variable Capacitor
trimmer capacitor that is
small in size. The notations
are all the same.

Transistor
This is a transistor with a
layer of P-doped
semiconductor fixed between
NPN Transistor two layers of N-doped
semiconductors that act as the
emitter and collector.
Abbreviated as ‘Q’.

A transistor amplifies current.

It can be used with other
PNP Transistor
components to make an
amplifier or switching circuit.

The working of a
phototransistoris similar to
that of a bipolar transistor
with a difference that it
Phototransistor converts light into its
corresponding current. The
phototransistor can also act as
a photodiode if the emitter is
not connected.
 Like a transistor, a FET has
three terminals, the Gate,
Source and Drain. The device
Field Effect has an electric field that
Transistor controls the conductivity of a
channel of one type charge
carrier in a semiconductor
substance.

The Junction Field Effect

Transistor (JFET) is the
simplest type of FET with
applications in Switching and
N-Channel voltage variable resistor. In
an N-channel JFET an N-type
Junction FET silicon bar has two smaller
pieces of P-type silicon
material diffused on each
sides of its middle part,
forming P-N junctions.

P-channel JFET is similar in

construction to N-channel
JFET except that P-type
P-Channel
semiconductor base is
Junction FET
sandwiched between two N-
type junctions. In this case
majority carriers are holes.

In the depletion-mode
construction a channel is
physically constructed and a
Depletion MOSFET current between drain and
source is due to voltage
applied across the drain-
source terminals.
 The enhancement MOSFET
structure has no channel
formed during its
construction. Voltage is
applied to the gate, so as to
Enhancement
develop a channel of charge
MOSFET
carriers so that a current
results when a voltage is
applied across the drain-
source terminals. Abbreviated
as e-MOSFET.

Meters
Voltmeter is used to measure
Voltmeter the voltage at a certain point
in the circuit.

An Ammeter is used to
measure the current that
Ammeter
passes through the circuit at a
particular point.

Resistance of the circuit is

Ohmmeter
measured using an Ohmmeter.

A galvanometer is used to
measure very small currents in
Galvanometer
the order of 1 milli ampere or
less.
 An oscilloscope is used to
measure the voltage and time
Oscilloscope
period of signals along with
their shape display.

Sensors
It is abbreviated as LDR.
Light Dependent Resistor is
used to convert light into its
Light Dependent corresponding resistance.
Resistor (LDR) Instead of directly measuring
the light, it senses the heat
content and converts it onto
resistance.

Instead of directly measuring

the light, a thermistor senses
Thermistor the heat content and converts
it into resistance. Abbreviated
as ‘TH’.

Switches
This is an ordinary switch that
Push Switch passes current only upon
pressing.

The push to break switch is

usually kept in the ON state
Push to Break
(closed). It turns to OFF state
Switch
(open) only when the switch is
pressed.
 Also known as the
ON/OFF switch. This
Singe Pole Single
switch allows the flow of
Throw Switch
current only when it is kept
ON. Abbreviated as SPST.

Also known as the 2-way

switch. It can be also called as
an ON/OFF/ON switch as it
Single Pole
has an OFF position in the
Double Throw center. The switch causes the
Switch flow of current in two
directions, depending on its
position. It can be abbreviated
as SPDT.

Abbreviated as DPST. Can

also be called as a dual ON-
Double Pole
OFF switch. This is used to
Single Throw
isolate between the live and
Switch
neutral connections in the
main electrical line.

Abbreviated as DPDT. The

Double Pole
switch uses a central OFF
Double Throw
position and is applied as
Switch
reversing switch for motors.

Relay is abbreviated as ‘RY’.

This device can easily switch a
230 Volt AC mains circuit. It
Relay has three switching stages
called Normally Open (NO).
Normally Closed (NC), and
Common (COM).
Audio and Radio Devices

This device is used for

converting sound to its
Microphone
corresponding electrical
energy. Abbreviated as ‘MIC’.

Does the reverse process of

Earphone microphone and converts
electrical energy into sound.

Does the same operation as an

earphone, but converts an
Loudspeaker amplified version of the
electrical energy into its
corresponding sound.

It is a transducer that converts

Piezo-Transducer
electrical energy into sound.

Used to amplify a signal. It is

mainly used to represent a
Amplifier
whole circuit rather than just
one component.

This device is used to

Aerial transmit/receive signals.
Abbreviated as ‘AE’.

Output Devices

This is used to provide light

Lighting Lamp
for the output.
 Used to convert electrical
energy into light. The best
Indicator Lamp
example is the warning light
on a car dashboard.

This transducer is used to

Heater change electrical energy into
heat.

Inductor is used to produce a

magnetic field when a certain
current is passed through a
coil of wire. The wire is coiled
Inductor
on a soft iron core. Have
applications in motors, and
tank circuits. Abbreviated as
‘L’.

This device is used to convert

electrical energy into
Motor mechanical energy. Can be
used as a generator as well.
Abbreviated as ‘M’.

Used to produce a sound as

the output, according to the
Bell
electrical energy produced as
the input.

It is used to produce an output

Buzzer sound corresponding to the
electrical energy in the input.