David Paul Ausubel

• October 25, 1918 -July 9, 2008

• He was an American
psychologist born in New York.
His most significant contribution
to the fields of educational
psychology, cognitive
science, and science education
learning, was on the
development and research on
advance organizers.
Cognitive Development
 Focus:
• Cognitive
Structure

• Advance
Organizer
 Raw
facts perceptual
data

Cognitive
Structure
Or
“Present
Knowledge”
concepts theories

propositions
meaningful learning takes place when an
idea to be learned is related in some
sensible way to ideas that the learner
already possess. Ausubel believed that
before new materials can be presented
effectively, the student’s cognitive
structure should be strengthened.
Advance
Organizer

Allows students to already

have a bird’s view ot to see the
“big picture” of the topic to be
learned even before going to
the details.
Subsumption- is a process by which new
materials related to relevant ideas in the
existing cognitive structure.

Derivative Subsumption
Correlative Subsumption
Superordinate Subsumption
Combinatorial Learning
Derivative Subsumption:
- Describes the situation in which the new
information you learn is an example of a
concept that you have already learned.
 A bird has feathers,
a beak, lays egg, it
can fly, etc.

BLUE JAY BIRD

Correlative Subsumption:

- higher-level concept of thinking.

Superordinate Subsumption:

- You are already familiar with the things but

did not know the concept itself until it was
taught.
Mandy, those are
what you called
“fruits”.
Combinatorial Learning:

-When the newly acquired knowledge

combines with prior knowledge to enrich
the understanding of both concepts.
-Is a major tool proposed by Ausubel and
it gives 2 benefits:
1. You will find it easier to connect new
information with what you already know
about the topic.
2. You can readily see how the concepts in
a certain topic are related to each other.
 Subsumption
Theory

Meaningful Four Processes

Advance
Reception of for Meaningful
Organizer
Info. Learning

Derivative
Learner’s Cognitive Subsumption Expository
Structure
Correlative Narrative
Subsumption
Use of Advance Skimming
Graphic Organizer Superordinate
Subsumption Graphic
Organizer
Subsumption Combinational
Subsumption
 Types:
• Expository
• Narrative
• Skimming
• Graphic organizer
 EXPOSITORY:
• Describes the new content.
• provides new knowledge that students will need
to understand the upcoming information”
• are often used when the new learning material is
unfamiliar to the learner. They often relate what
the learner already knows with the new and
unfamiliar material—this in turn is aimed to make
the unfamiliar material more plausible to
the
learner.
 NARRATIVE:
• Presents the new information in the form
of a story to students.
 SKIMMING:
• Is done by looking over the new material
to gain a basic overview.
 Graphic Organizer:
• Visuals to set up or outline the new
information. This may include
pictographs, descriptive patterns, concept
patterns, concept maps, Venn diagram.