By:
Shilpa Mishra
ME, IC, Panjab
There are basically three main units of a thermal power plant:
1. Steam Generator or Boiler
2. Steam Turbine
3. Electric Generator
Basic Principle
Pollution control
This entire task is often taken up by control &
instrumentation or simply instrumentation system which
has following functions:-
a) Measurement
b) Control
c) Operation
d) Monitoring
e) Protection
For a Plant Measurement system needs to be:
Very accurate
Reliable
Delays should be as small as possible
Should be switched on manually when a overall control
system fails.
Quantities To Be Measured:
Pressure
Temperature
Flow
Level
Expansion/ Contraction
Analysis of (1) Water (2) Steam (3) Flue Gases
And Others
Measurement Points & Variables
Variables/ Measuring Points Types Of Sensors/ Approx. number
Parameters Instruments in the plant
Diaphragms.
Bellows
Bourden tube
Diaphragms
Commonly corrugated diaphragms are used because large deflection can
be produced without nonlinearity compared with flat type.
In order to increase the deflection capabilities two or more corrugated
diaphragms are welded at the circumferences--- Capsule element.
Bellows:
Manufactured from
Brass, Brass alloys,
Stainless steel.
The actual value depend upon the material used and on temperature
difference between the junctions.
RESISTANCE THERMOMETRY
2. MANOMETER
It’s a tube which is bent, in U shape. It is filled with a liquid. This device
corresponds to a difference in pressure across the two limbs.
1.RELAY
It is a protective device. It can detect wrong condition in electrical
circuits by constantly measuring the electrical quantities flowing under
normal and faulty conditions. Some of the electrical quantities are
voltage, current, phase angle and velocity.
2. FUSES
It is a short piece of metal inserted in the circuit, which melts when
heavy current flows through it and thus breaks the circuit. Usually
silver is used as a fuse material .
1. Electrostatic Precipitators:
The ash left behind after combustion of coal is arrested in high efficiency
Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP’s) and particulate emission is controlled well within
the stipulated norms. The ash collected in the ESP’s is disposed to Ash Ponds in
slurry form.
2. Flue Gas Stacks:
Tall Flue Gas Stacks have been provided for wide dispersion of the gaseous
emissions (SOX, NOX etc) into the atmosphere.
3. Neutralisation Pits:
Neutralisation pits have been provided in the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) for
pH correction of the effluents nbefore discharge into Effluent Treatment Plant
(ETP) for further treatment and use.
5. Cooling Towers
Cooling Towers have been provided for cooling the hot Condenser cooling
water in closed cycle Condenser Cooling Water (CCW) Systems. This helps
in reduction in thermal pollution and conservation of fresh water.
6. Ash Water Recycling System:
In the AWRS, the effluent from ash pond is circulated back to the station for
further ash sluicing to the ash pond. This helps in savings of fresh water
requirements for transportation of ash from the plant.
Liquid Waste Water/Effluents Treatment
Plants & Management System: