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Jack Cox

BILL SCOTT'S
0

In the late 1960s I had the good Over the subsequent years, I've wards, the family moved to Oklahoma
fortune of owning a 1946 Bellanca watched the Classic show lines at City where the elder Scott had taken a
14-13 Cruisair for a couple of years fly-ins across the nation for an au- job flying C-46s . . . and through a
and some 250 hours of pleasurable thentically painted Cruisair . . . and, series of lay-offs and recalls all too com-
flying. Had I kept the sleek little 4- finally, I spotted one this year at Sun mon to smaller, non-scheduled opera-
placer, my intention was to eventu- 'n Fun. Ironically, it was from Ker- tions, they ended up in Miami in 1964.
ally repaint it in its original red and nersville, NC, only 35 or 40 miles Bill grew up there, and attended Osh-
white factory color scheme, as de- from where I used to base mine. kosh for the first time in 1972 . . . just
picted in the Bellanca ads of the late - Jack Cox before his 15th birthday. He had always
1940s you see reproduced here. I lived with airplanes and flying, but this
never got to do it. When Paul Pobe- was his first real exposure to sport avi-
rezny offered Golda and I positions
at EAA in December of 1969, we were
faced with a quick move to the Fro-
Cox ation - and he was hooked instantly.
When he reached high school age,
Bill chose the option of a vocational
zen Nawth . . . in the depths of winter school in order to study aviation mainte-
with no prospect of renting a hangar nance. His father owned a Cessna 140
for the wood winged Bellanca. Bill Scott has never known a day in at the time and he began learning to fly
Rather than leaving it outside for his 31 years when aviation was not a it in January of 1973. He soloed it on
who knew how long, we reluctantly part of his life. His father is a pilot and his 16th birthday the following August
sold the airplane, and my plans for a was working for Boeing in Seattle when and later went on to earn his Private
factory paint scheme went with it. Bill was born in 1957. Shortly after- license.
SPORT AVIATION 19
THCBEUMCAlMfBMU/M!

Three Bellanca ads that appeared in Skyways magazine in early 1947. They provided Bill Scott with the inspiration and guide to
paint his airplane. Interestingly, the Cruisairs in the ad at the left are all in the 86000 block of NC numbers, so the possibility
exists that Bill's NC86934 is somewhere down at the far end of the row.

In the summer of 1974 Bill and his cal from his job and flew the Stinson ventorying the boxes of parts and
friend and fellow aviation enthusiast, from Miami as far north as Toronto, vis- scrounging around for a new tailwheel
Bob Prince, paid a to visit the shop of iting friends and relatives along the way. assembly, some cowl pieces, a new in-
Mike Melfa to look over his latest home- Eventually, a second Stinson 10A was strument panel and a few other items.
built project and noticed he had a Stin- purchased, a basket case that had been A lot of the things in the boxes simply
son 10A tied up in the rafters of the in storage since 1950, and the plan was could not be identified when first viewed,
building. Asking about it, they were sur- to restore both of them. but, later, as the restoration progressed,
prised to hear Mike say that if they By this time, still another project had a time would come when a particular
would put it together and fly it, he would been purchased by Bill and his partner. part was needed and Bill would go
give it to them! In 1976, a Bellanca Cruisair had been rummaging through the boxes and
"Sur-r-r-e, we thought, somebody is advertised in Trade-A-Plane and after
going to give us an airplane . . . and all talking to the owner by phone, they had Left - Bill Scott's Cruisair after its first
we have to do is put it together and fly Bill's father fly to Bridgeport, CT to in- cover job in 1955 and, below, as it was
it," Bill recalls with a chuckle. spect it. The airplane was in storage in purchased and hauled to Miami in 1976
. . . then in its 1965 cover and paint
scheme.

Taken somewhat aback by the offer, a garage, had been partially disassem-
Bill and Bob said they would think it over bled but including a lot of stuff in boxes,
and get back to him .. . and rushed appeared to be complete. Bill's father
home to consult with Bill's father. Get a gave them a thumbs up on the airplane,
clear title and bring it home, he advised so they bought it and trucked it home . . . "Aha, that's what that little piece is
them .. . and the following morning they to Miami. There, the 30 year old air- for!"
were knocking on Mike's door. frame was completely taken apart, the All that was several years and a lot
"I know what you boys want," Mike necessary repairs were made to the of travelling around in the future, how-
said with a grin when he saw who his steel tube fuselage, it was sandblasted ever. In 1980, Bill moved to South
callers were. "You want my airplane." and primed . . . then put back in storage Carolina to go to work for Bill and Jim
It took about a year and a half to get for another 7 years. A 165 Franklin was Stoia at their Precision Air operation on
the 10A flying, but fly it did. With it, Bill bought and overhauled to replace the the Clarendon County Airport near
and Bob became regulars on the East 150 Franklin that had come with the Sumter. Formerly from Miami, them-
Coast fly-in circuit, and in the summer airplane, but little else was done selves, the Stoias are known to EAAers
of 1978, Bill took a five month sabbati- throughout the late 1970s other than in- as the restorer of the beautiful Lus-
20 JULY 1989
combe that was the Classic Grand 1947, incidentally, is the only significant
Champion at Oshkosh in 1982. After a prang that is recorded in the airplane's
little over a year with the Stoias, Bill was records. There is no evidence of its ever
able to get a job as a mechanic with having been bellied in, which, if correct,
Piedmont Air Lines in Winston-Salem, is rather unusual. Cruisairs were expen-
NC ... and settled down in nearby Ker- sive airplanes when new and generally
nersville. (Piedmont's maintenance were flown by experienced pilots, but
shop has subsequently been moved to as the years rolled by and they became
the Regional Airport near Greensboro bargains on the used airplane market,
and Bill works there today.) they were purchased by less and less
With the two now so far apart, Bill experienced pilots, many of whom were
and Bob Prince decided to dissolve flying a retractable for the first time. In-
their partnership on the Stinsons and evitably, someone, somewhere would
the Bellanca, with Bill buying them out- forget to lower the gear for landing. For-
right. "You could never have a better tunately, that usually resulted in little
partner than Bob, but he is flying damage, because the Cruisair's main
freighters for Miami International now gear legs fold straight back and up into
and it just wasn't practical for either of the wing, with about half the wheels re-
us to continue the partnership," Bill says maining out in the slipstream to provide The Cruisair's tubular fuselage frame
today. protection for the belly. The prop and completely stripped and ready for sand-
After moving to North Carolina, Bill sometimes the bottom of the cowling blasting.
quite naturally hooked up with the local and boot cowl usually bear the brunt of
EAA Chapters . . Chapter 8 in a belly landing in a Cruisair. Those who 32 turns are required to fully retract the
Greensboro and EAA Antique/Classic have done it claim one can actually landing gear, but on most Cruisairs the
Chapter 3 which covers the Carolinas steer the airplane as it skids to a stop, handle can be cranked an additional 4
and Virginia. It was through these affili- because the brakes remain fully func- to 6 turns. These extra turns are simply
ations that he met Dave Spencer of tional. taking up the slack in the bicycle chains
Martinsville, VA, the person he credits The Cruisair's landing gear is un- and can put undue tension on the sys-
with providing the inspiration he needed iquely Bellanca. It retracts and extends tem, so experienced Bellanca pilots al-
to get the Bellanca restoration going by means of a hand crank driven sys- ways count turns and stop at 32. When
and who, along with Pete Covington, tem of bicycle chains and torque tubes lowering the gear, one simply cranks
provided the most help, particularly in that turn jack screws mounted in the until the knuckle joint in the actuating
the refurbishing of the wings. wheel wells that actually push and pull strut thunks into the overcenter position
The work began in a nearby barn in the gear legs. Although it involves a lot and the handle can be moved no
1982, but really kicked into gear the fol- of parts and the driving force changes further. With the jack screws, there is
lowing year when Bill and his wife, direction several times between the no need for up locks. The gear remains
Michelle, bought a home that just hap- hand crank and the gear legs, it is still in place whenever the pilot stops crank-
pened to have a full, unfinished base- a rather simple system and if kept in ing . . . but one would likely begin to
ment with a garage door entrance. The decent shape, is relatively trouble free hear some rather expensive noises if a
initial projects were the replacement of in day-to-day operation. The major landing were attempted with the gear
most of the control pulleys and all of the maintenance item is keeping the jack half retracted.
cables, a little fuselage woodwork and screws clean and switching to a lighter Bill removed the entire gear system
making up of an all new firewall, boot
cowl, and baggage compartment . . .
which brings up some interesting
points. In pouring over the airplane's re-
cords, Bill found that while his Cruisair
was built as a model 14-13 in late 1946,
it was not sold until sometime the fol-
lowing year. The "Straight" 14-13s, as
Bellanca aficionados call them, had
large fixed fins on the tips of the hori-
zontal tail, a free swivelling tail wheel
and just a canvas sling behind the rear
seat for a baggage compartment. The
next model, the 14-13-2 had a revised
horizontal tail with more area and smal-
ler fins, and a baggage compartment
with an outside door. Before Bill's
NC86934 (Serial Number 1296) left the Before and after shots of the fuel pump/
factory, it had been converted to the bicycle chain hand cranked gear retrac-
tion mechanism. Note that an electric
new tail .. . and later that year, after a boost pump has been added to the fuel
ground loop accident made it necessary system (right).
to do some extensive repairs, the out-
side baggage compartment and a steer- lubricating grease in winter. 1/16 inch
able tailwheel, both factory options, cables are used to limit the travel of the
were added. Technically, then, the oleo struts, and if they break, the
airplane had been converted to a 14-13- wheels will not fit up into the well. The
2 ... and, in fact, that is the way it is hand crank is located down between
listed in the FAA's civil aircraft registry the two front seats and just ahead of
today. That groundloop damage in late the main spar carrythrough structure.
SPORT AVIATION 21
years. Cracks and corrosion had ruined
most of them. The brakes are marginal
even when they are working perfectly,
but with a steerable tailwheel, he is not
totally dependent on them for ground
steering as I was on my Cruisair, which
had a free castoring tailwheel. Taxiing
in a crosswind was always an adven-
ture. The tailwheel that came on the
airplane when Bill and Bob bought it
was modified to accept a pneumatic tire
and was in terrible shape. Several years
were spent hunting for an original tail-
wheel assembly with a solid rubber tire,

The fuselage going back together. At left,


the new baggage compartment is in. Note
the seat cushion with the original leather
fabric . . . still good enough to use as a
pattern in making up new covers. Below,
the new firewall and boot cowl are
clecoed in place for fit.

from his airframe and overhauled ah me


moving mechanisms. The bearings

r
were replaced and some parts of the
jack screw drive had to be remanufac-
tured. All the metal parts were
sandblasted, inspected, repaired as re-
quired and repainted. An electric motor
was an option on the later versions of
the Cruisair, but Bill chose to retain the
manual system that came on his
airplane. He also thoroughly checked
out the three gear warning systems: a
little metal tab that sticks up out of the
left wing with green (gear safe) and red
(gear unsafe) segments to allow the
pilot to visually check the gear position;
a red light on the panel; and an honest-
to-gosh electric doorbell that rings any-
time the rpms are reduced below 1,700 der tube brakes, although he had to and one was finally purchased from
with the gear still up. Bill also retained make up a good set from parts of sev- Jack Niland in Augusta, GA. The best
the original Hayes wheels and expan- eral wheels he had collected over the parts of the two were combined to come
up with a good, original tailwheel setup.
Early in the restoration process, the
165 Franklin was installed so all the
plumbing and wiring could be done prior
to covering the fuselage. Bill completely
reworked the fuel system, installing new
lines. As delivered from the factory,
Cruisairs had an engine driven fuel
pump and a back-up hand wobble
pump . . . mounted down on the front of
the spar carrythrough about under the
pilot's left knee. Part of the engine start
procedure was to wobble up a few
pounds of fuel pressure, then hit the
starter. Allegedly, the engine could be
kept running, in the event of the failure
of the engine driven pump, by furiously
stroking the wobble pump until an air-

March of 1987 . . . with the 165 Franklin


installed. Note the woodwork around the
sliding left window. The curved tube with
pulleys is the control column to which the
wheels are attached.
22 JULY 1989
port could be reached. I often won-
dered, however, where the extra hand
was supposed to come from to stroke
the pump, fly the airplane and crank
down the gear, all at the same time, in
case I experienced a failure while flying
solo. Fortunately, I never had to find
out. Bill has that eventuality covered by
the addition of a modern electric boost
pump. Incredible as it may seem in the
electronic gadget world in which we fly
today, a 12 amp generator was deemed
perfectly adequate for the 1946
Cruisairs! Through the good offices of
Larry D'Attilio, who has created a new
Bellanca owner's club (more about him
later), Bill was able to find a 25 amp
generator that would fit the Franklin.
Since he intends to operate the airplane
mostly as a day VFR machine, with just
a radio and transponder, Bill thinks 25
amps will be enough for his needs. My
old Cruisair still had the 12 amp
generator, which permitted use of just metal mating on the Cruisair was by The right wing undergoing minor
one radio at a time .. . and everything means of spot welding, but, of course, repair prior to overlay of fabric.
had to be shut off when the landing light Bill had to revert to the use of rivets. In
was turned on! the end, he came up with a very rigid reached. It was terribly awkward to use,
Bill retained the original Grimes land- door that does not flex in flight to create especially in setting the flaps to 46 de-
ing light, a retractable unit mounted in the usual whistling and screeching. It is grees for landing. The flap speed was
the belly of the airplane under the right not totally watertight, but only a few 85 mph and anything at all over that
front seat. A little electric motor runs the drops seep in around the curved top of produced such airloads that it was very
light up and down. To make the airplane the door when the airplane is flown in difficult to pull the last notch on. The
legal for night flying today, he also rain. later models had a different system, a
added a strobe, mounting it just aft of The sliding window on the pilot's side sort of T-handle arrangement. Bill's
the landing light. All the antennas were was also a lot of work, but Bill finally got airplane has the T-handle, although
kept on the bottom of the airplane to it functioning well, also. when purchased, the top portion of the
keep them out of sight as much as pos- handle had been cut off and had a five
sible. inch extension welded in. It's likely this
The Cruisair has a minimum of wood had been done to gain a little more
in the fuselage, but what there is can mechanical advantage when setting the
be a real headache, Bill found. This last notch of flap. There was no 337
largely involved the cabin door, It fits in form for the change, so Bill located and
a wood frame, the geometry of which installed a stock T-handle.
could seemingly tax the capabilities of The instrument panel that came with
a Cray super computer .. . especially the airplane had been cut up so much
when called upon to mate closely with by previous owners that it would have
the cabin door. Cruisair doors were been impractical to return it to a near
notorious for their flexibility and ill f i t . . . original configuration. Another panel
and Bill found out why. After stripping was located, however, with only a
the paint off his, he discovered the for- miminum of modification and it was
ward and aft diagonal door frames to be used. Bill made up his own shock
cracked completely through, allowing mounted center portion of the panel and
the lower portion of the door to be placed his radio and transponder where
sucked out in flight.. . which was prob- the original radio ... probably a low freq
ably why a previous owner had installed of some sort and, later, a Superhomer
little catches on the door frame in an The original door - just a pattern for build- . . . had been. Presently, he has an
ing a new one. It did provide a patch of
attempt to keep the lower half closed. original paint from which to match the
ELT, an EdoAir 553 nav/com and a
(I had a similar problem on my Cruisair, new interior finish. Narco AT-150 transponder installed in
but never knew why.) There was also a the airplane ... and an encoder is next
lot of corrosion on the inner and outer on his shopping list.
skins of the door, so Bill took it com- Cruisairs have rather large flaps with Bill was fortunate in that although his
pletely apart ... and found the corro- three settings, the last of which is a Cruisair had been recovered in 1955
sion had originated on the inside. An whopping 46 degrees. The early mod- and again in 1965, the airframe was
insulating pad had been sandwiched in- els had a "shepherd's crook" lever never taken down to bare metal for a
side the lower half of the door at the mounted so far up under the instrument complete rework. That meant than
time of manufacture and obviously had panel that an average sized pilot had to when he took it apart, all the areas "that
been soaking up moisture for 40 years duck his head down into the cockpit to couldn't be reached with a spray can",
.. . and corroding the door until it was reach it. The "crook" atop the lever had as he puts it, still had the original factory
little more than a pattern with which to to be grasped, lifted to allow fore and finish. The cabin was originally finished
make a new one, which was essentially aft movement and released for locking in shades of gray and a blue/gray and
what Bill had to do. Almost all the sheet when the desired position had been Bill was able to match them quite
SPORT AVIATION 23
closely. Amazingly, the original red
leather and gray wool seat covers were
still in the airplane .. . under
Naugahyde covers that had been in-
stalled at some subsequent point. It was
impossible to find the exact weave pat-
tern in the wool, but a close match was
finally located. The red leather was
easy to match, however, as was the
quilted side panelling and the headliner.
The seats were upholstered by a friend
who does exotic sports cars and exhibit
a very high level of craftsmanship.
The original kidney shaped control
wheels were still in the airplane and
simply needed cleaning up and polish-
ing to look like new. All the original
push/pull controls . . . throttle, carb, etc.
... were still in the airplane and they
also cleaned up nicely. The original
mag switch had been retained and even
the Gotcha! fuel shut off and tank
switching valves were still there to catch
the unwary. Apparently, Bellanca man-
agement had a thing about keeping
their parts inventory to a minimum be-
cause a lot of identical switches, valves,
etc. were used for more than one pur-
pose in the Crusair. For example, two
identical valves, one mounted atop the
other down between the pilot's legs on
the front of the main spar carrythrough,
were used to manage the fuel system.
The bottom valve was the fuel shut off
valve and the top one allowed the pilot
to switch from one 20 gallon wing tank
to the other. "On" and "Off" and "Left
Tank" and "Right Tank" were in corres-
ponding positions ... so the drill was to
always feel for the top valve, move your
hand further down to the bottom shut-off
valve, then back up to the top valve
again before you dared to switch tanks.
Today, we call the goofs that inevitably
result from such a set-up "design in- HS-90 fabric and Stits liquids up copy was obtained, of course, and from
duced errors" . . . but, then, the through the vermillion red and insignia it a Pennsylvania firm was able to make
Cruisairs were built in a day when per- white Polytone color coats. As men- computer generated vinyl logos that
sonal responsibility was expected of tioned in the beginning, the color were easy to stick right on the sides of
everyone. If you flew, it was expected scheme was copied directly from the old the fuselage. Bill can't say enough good
that you would know your airplane and ads in Flying and Skyways magazines about Larry D'Atillio and his efforts on
all its systems. of 1946 and '47. The only trouble was behalf of Bellanca owners. He was also
The wood wings were the last of the that the paint job centered around a able to provide Bill with a set of original
major airframe components to be re- "Cruisair Senior" winged logo located aluminum Bellanca emblems for the
worked. A sheet metal man, himself, Bill about half way down the fuselage and sides of the cowling and all sorts of
was greatly relieved to be able to take on the dividing line between the red and documentation that aided in the restora-
the wings to Pete Covington's shop white portions of the fuselage. Without tion. Larry has collected about every-
near Martinsville, VA and to have the that logo in exactly the right size and thing known to exist on Bellancas .. .
expert help of Pete and Dave Spencer lettering style, the whole effect of the all the technical data, where the parts
in bringing them up to snuff. Fortu- paint scheme would be greatly di- are, etc. .. . and is putting it all on com-
nately, the spruce spars were found to minished. Bill was never able to turn up puter for fast retrieval. (All the Bellanca
be in excellent condition, so most of the a close-up photo of the logo a sign owners already know Larry, but for any-
work involved repairs to the mahogny painter could copy, so he was really in one new to the scene, his address is:
plywood skin and a lot of cleaning up, a quandry as the time to paint rapidly Larry D'Attilio, 1820 N. 166th St. Brook-
especially in the wheel wells where approached. The problem was solved field, Wl 53005. He and Pamela Foard
layer after layer of paint had to be re- for him with the ring of the telephone publish a newsletter entitled Bellanca
moved. The last layer was red, so Bill .. . when Larry D'Atillio called to say Contact! - the cost of which is $18.00
was then 100% certain of the paint that he had been able to obtain a com- per year for four issues. Coverage has
scheme with which his airplane had left plete set of Cruisair factory drawings recently been extended to cover all the
the factory. from the National Air and Space Bellanca Champion aircraft, the Citab-
When it was finally time to cover ol' Museum and that a facsimile of the rias, Decathlons, etc.).
86934, Bill chose the Stits system .. . Cruisair Senior logo was included! A One of the last items on the restora-
24 JULY 1989
tion schedule was getting the Aeromatic
prop overhauled. Kinetics, Inc. of Britt,
Iowa now owns the rights to this au-
tomatic variable pitch propeller and was
able to make Bill's look and perform like
a new one. With its wide speed range,
a Cruisair really needs a variable pitch
propeller to perform as it should and a
properly set up and maintained
Aeromatic does a marvelous job ... I
know because I had both an Aeromatic
and a fixed metal prop on my Cruisair
at various times and the Aeromatic was
by far the better of the two.
Bill got his Cruisair licensed on Feb-
ruary 3rd of this year .. . and got the
seats back from the upholsterer on the
Wednesday before opening day at Sun the one for this article. A few weeks later much fun to fly to leave on the ground
'n Fun. He left Martinsville, VA where he braved high winds and rain to attend while warm breezes are blowing and
he hangars the airplane the next day EAA Antique/Classic Chapter 3's spring fair skies beckon one to head for the
and flew to the Okeechobee, FL airport fly-in at Burlington, NC and attracted airport. Like anyone who has ever flown
to show his handiwork to his father be- crowds once again. a good Cruisair, he is highly impressed
fore flying back north to Lakeland. Bill says a lot of little detail finishing with its handling characterics.. Com-
There he spent the week talking to Bel- work is yet to be done on his Cruisair, pletely docile on the ground in all but
lanca admirers from far and near .. . but that with the summer flying season the worst crosswinds . . . it is a taildrag-
and occasionally being subjected to in- at hand it may be this fall before he gets ger, after all... and an absolute dream
terviews and picture sessions such as around to it. The airplane is simply too in the air, the lightweight Cruisair is
SPORT AVIATION 25
probably the gentlest "high perfor- Bill Scott of Kernersville, NC, owner/re-
mance" airplane to have ever graced storer of Bellanca NC 86934. Bill's next
the sky. In the design and operation of project is a Taylorcraft BC-12D.
some of its systems, it is idiosyncratic
to an amusing degree . . . but that is
one of its appeals. It is a reflection of hot, humid day with a full load . . . but
the personality and genius of its de- few airplanes are. The airplane will haul
signer, the legendary Giuseppe Bel- four people . . . if they can get in it. The
lanca, and one must learn to accept the Cruisair is not an airplane for tall
exceptional with the unusual and simply people, especially in the rear seat. With
enjoy flying the airplane. the 165 Franklin, such as Bill has in his
The Cruisair has good performance Bellanca, take-off and climb perfor-
for the power, but does not possess mance is enhanced, but top end speed
blazing speed. With the 150 Franklin is not significantly greater. His indi-
turning a properly adjusted Aeromatic cated airspeeds are so high that he pre-
propeller at a cruise setting of 2,450 fers they not be mentioned until he has
rpm (75%), most Cruisairs will indicate had an opportunity to check out his pitot
about 140 mph . . . but will actually be and ASI. He knows from being paced
doing about 135. Down low and at full by other airplanes that they are too fast,
rich, you will be pouring 10 gallons per so he believes he has a bug in the sys-
hour through the engine at this power tem somewhere .. . maybe literally.
setting. Stalls are innocuous from any Perhaps the best indication of the es-
entry I ever tried, and occur at about 45 teem in which the Bellanca Cruisair is
mph indicated. The rate of climb is quite held by lovers of the type today is the
good for a 150 hp airplane that weighs number of them still registered with the
some 1,250 pounds empty . . . around FAA. Around 400 of them were sup-
a thousand feet per minute on a cool posed to have been built in the late
day and lightly loaded and maybe 700 1940s and early 50s and a rather amaz-
to 850 at gross. It is no ball of fire on a ing percentage still survive. In 1974, I
wrote an article in The Vintage
Airplane about my experiences in my
Cruisair and included the numbers of
14-13s, 14-13-2s and 14-13-3s still re-
gistered at that time. It may come as a
surprise to some of you to learn that
there are more Cruisairs registered
today than 15 years ago. Here are the
numbers for 1974 and the spring of
1989:

1974 1989
14-13 100 105
14-13-2 180 176
14-13-3 25 29
Total 305 310
Obviously, the Cruisair is a treasure
to be sought out, showered with tender
loving care and enjoyed to the fullest.
Ask Bill Scott.

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