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Breast Cancer

Treatment in India

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What Is Breast Cancer?
A collection of cancer cells that arise from
the cells of the breast is known as breast
cancer. Breast cancer is majorly seen in
women, though rare but it also affects
men. The calcium deposits or formation of
a conned small tumor is the beginning of
any breast cancer that spread from the
blood stream into the other organs or
different channels inside the breast into
the lymph nodes. The rate of spread and
growth are different that can spread even
further than the breast.

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Symptoms of Breast Cancer
Breast Cancer In Its Early Stages Does Not
Result In Any Symptoms. However, Some Of The
Symptoms Are:
Ÿ Fluid coming out of the nipple can be green,
bloody or clear to yellow. It can appear like pus
Ÿ Lump in the armpit or breast lump which has
uneven edges and hard. This lump usually
does not result in any pain
Ÿ Change in shape or size of the nipple or breast
Ÿ Tenderness, breast lump and breast pain are
some of the common symptoms of male breast
cancer.

Advanced Breast Cancer Symptoms

Weight Loss | Bone Pain | Welling in the Armpit | Skin Ulcers | Discomfort or Breast Pain

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Types of Breast Cancer
Invasive Breast Cancer: Invasive Breast Cancer Develops When Cancer Cells Spread Outside The
Lining Of Lobules Or Ducts Into The Nearby Tissue Of The Breast. Invasive Breast Cancer Can Be
Categorized Into Different Types:
Triple Negative Breast Cancer: There are no receptors in this type of cancer for HER2 protein,
estrogen or progesterone.
Inammatory Breast Cancer: This is considered as not so common type of breast cancer. This
cancer develops when cancer cells blocks lymph vessels of the breast skin. In this, the breast may
become swollen or inamed.
Invasive Ductal Breast Cancer: When cancer cells that line the duct have spread into nearby
breast tissue then it results in invasive ductal breast cancer.
Paget's disease of the Breast: A scaly or red rash is visible on the skin of the nipple that results in
this type of breast cancer. Women who are suffering from this may also have invasive breast cancer
or DCIS.
Invasive Lobular Breast Cancer: This type develops from the cells lining the breast lobes and this
type is hard to diagnose on a mammogram.

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Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS): This is
considered as the one of the earliest forms of
breast cancer. The cancer cells are present in the Types of Breast Cancer
breast ducts though they have not spread to
nearby breast tissue.
HER2 positive Breast Cancer: When there is a
large number of protein (known as HER2) in
breast cancer cells on their surface then it
results in HER2 positive breast cancer.

Rarer Type of Breast Cancer


Ÿ Malignant Phyllodes Tumor

Ÿ Medullary Breast Cancer

Ÿ Tubular Breast Cancer

Ÿ Mucinous Breast Cancer

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Stages of Breast Cancer
Stages Of Breast Cancer Depends On Four
Things:
Ÿ The spread of the cancer in different parts of
the body beyond the breast
Ÿ Size of the cancer

Ÿ Whether cancer is present in the lymph nodes

Ÿ Whether cancer is non-invasive or invasive

Different Stages Include:


Stage 0: This stage explains the non-invasive cancers of the breast that include DCIS (ductal
carcinoma in situ).
Stage I : This stage explains the invasive cancers of the breast. Stage 1 is categorized into 1A and
1B. In stage 1A, the cancer does not spread outside the breast and the tumor is of about
2cms. In stage 1B, a tumor in the breast is not more than 2cms and it involves small
groups of cancer cells.

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Stage III : IIIA, IIIB and IIIC are the three sub-categories of stage
3. The invasive breast cancer described in stage IIIA
where
Ÿ A tumor is more than 5cms and cancer has spread to the 1-3
lymph nodes surrounding the breast bone
Multiple
Ÿ A tumor can be of any size or there could also be no tumor at lymph nodes
metastasis
all. Cancer is there in 4-9 lymph nodes surrounding the breast
bone
Ÿ A tumor is more than 5cms where breast cancer small groups
can be seen in the lymph nodes
The Invasive Breast Cancer Described In Stage IIIB Where:
Ÿ The cancer has spread to lymph nodes surrounding the breast
bone
Ÿ A tumor does not have any particular size that has spread to
the breast skin or chest wall resulting in an ulcer or swelling
Ÿ The cancer has spread to around 9 axillary lymph nodes

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The Invasive Breast Cancer Described In Stage IIIC
Where:

Ÿ The cancer has spread to lymph nodes or axillary lymph


nodes surrounding the breast bone

Ÿ No indication of cancer in the breast and if there is tumor


then it could be of any size. This tumor has spread to the
breast skin or chest wall

Ÿ The cancer that has spread below or above the collarbone


or to lymph nodes

Ÿ The cancer that has spread to many axillary nodes

Stage IV: In this stage, the invasive breast cancer has


spread to surrounding lymph nodes to the
organs that include bones, brain, lungs, skin or
distant lymph nodes and beyond the breast.

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Diagnosis of Breast Cancer
Physical Examination of a Patient is Done That Include
Armpits, Chest Area, Breasts And Neck Area. A Number
Of Tests Are Performed For Diagnosing Breast Cancer
That Include:
Ÿ Sentinel lymph node biopsy is performed for checking the
spread of cancer to the lymph nodes
Ÿ Breast ultrasound that will view the presence of lump in
uid-lled or solid form
Ÿ Mammography is also performed in order to indentify the
breast lump or to screen for breast cancer
Ÿ CT scan is done for checking the spread of the cancer

Ÿ Breast biopsy is performed by using different methods


that include stereotactic, needle aspiration or
ultrasound guided
Ÿ PET scan for checking the spread of the cancer

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reports at care@surgerytoursindia.com or call us at: +91 888 292 1234
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Types of Breast Cancer Surgery
A number of breast cancer surgeries are performed that depend on the characteristics of
the tumor, the quantity of healthy tissue that is removed along with tumor or the tumor
has metastasized or not. Sometimes the removal of the lymph nodes below the arm is
done while performing the operation in order to see the presence of cancer cells. The
different types of breast cancer surgery are:

Ÿ Radical Mastectomy

Ÿ Lumpectomy (wide local


excision)
Ÿ Modied Radical Mastectomy

Ÿ Quadrantectomy, partial or
segmental mastectomy
Ÿ Total Mastectomy

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Breast Cancer Treatment
There Are A Number Of Treatment Options Are Available For
Treating Breast Cancer That Include:
Radical Mastectomy: The chest wall muscle along with the breast
and the axillary lymph nodes are removed in this surgery.
Mastectomy: The removal of all the breast tissue is done while
performing a mastectomy.
Radiation Therapy: This therapy uses high energy rays for destroying
cancer cells. Radiation therapy is administered in two ways:
Ÿ External Beam Radiation: Here an external machine is used for
focusing a beam of radiation on the affected area. The extent of this
surgical procedure is determined by seeing whether the lymph
nodes are affected or not.
Ÿ Brachytherapy: This therapy uses radioactive pellets or seeds.
These radioactive pellets or seeds are implanted into the breast just
next to the cancer.

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Chemotherapy: In this therapy medications are
used that travel through the bloodstream to the
cancer cells. These medications are given either
through the mouth or by intravenous injection.

Modied Radical Mastectomy: The surgical


procedure is performed for removing axillary
lymph nodes along with the breast tissue.

Hormone Therapy: Hormone therapy is used


for reducing the risk of cancer reoccurrence
after the completion of the surgery. A hormone
produced by the ovaries known as estrogen
helps in promoting the growth of breast cancers.

For a Free consult with our expert surgeons in India, send us your latest medical
reports at care@surgerytoursindia.com or call us at: +91 888 292 1234
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Contact Us:
For a FREE consult with
our expert surgeons in India.

Visit us at:
http://www.surgerytoursindia.com
/breast-cancer/

E-mail:
care@surgerytoursindia.com

Call us at:
(+91) 888 292 1234

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