BRITISH STANDARD |

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Code of practice for the |
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operation of fire |
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protection measures |
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Part 3: Electrical actuation of pre-action |
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sprinkler systems |
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Licensed copy:Merseyside Fire, 07/12/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

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ICS 13.220.20 |
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NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW
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 BS 7273-3:2000

Committees responsible for this

British Standard
The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee
FSH/12, Fire detection and alarm systems, to Subcommittee FSH/12/4, Automatic
operation of fire protection, upon which the following bodies were represented:

British Fire Protection Systems Association

British Telecommunications plc
Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (Building Research
Establishment)
Home Office
Institute of Fire Safety
London Fire and Civil Defence Authority
Loss Prevention Council
Ministry of Defence
Licensed copy:Merseyside Fire, 07/12/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

This British Standard, having

been prepared under the
direction of the Health and
Environment Sector Committee,
was published under the
authority of the Standards
Committee and comes into effect
on 15 October 2000

 BSI 10-2000 Amendments issued since publication

Amd. No. Date Comments

The following BSI references

relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference FSH/12/4
Draft for comment 99/540022 DC

ISBN 0 580 33185 7

 BS 7273-3:2000

Contents

Page
Committees responsible Inside front cover
Foreword ii
Introduction 1
1 Scope 2
2 Normative references 2
3 Terms and definitions 3
4 System design 3
5 Fire detection 4
6 System interface 4
7 Power supplies 6
8 Wiring 7
9 Servicing 7
Annex A (informative) Example of an arrangement for separate fire alarm and
pre-action control and indicating equipment 8
Annex B (informative) Example of an arrangement for fire detectors and
Licensed copy:Merseyside Fire, 07/12/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

pre-action valve-set connected to and monitored by a single control panel 9

Annex C (informative) Example of an arrangement for any coincidence logic
provided at fire alarm control and indicating equipment 10
Annex D (informative) Example of an arrangement for any coincidence logic
provided at pre-action control and indicating equipment 11
Figure 1 Ð Typical logic gate depiction of pre-action systems 2
Figure A.1 Ð Example of an arrangement for separate fire alarm and pre-action
control and indicating equipment 8
Figure B.1 Ð Example of an arrangement for fire detectors and pre-action
valve-set connected to and monitored by a single control panel 9
Figure C.1 Ð Example of an arrangement for any coincidence logic provided at
fire alarm control and indicating equipment 10
Figure D.1 Ð Example of an arrangement for any coincidence logic provided at
pre-action control and indicating equipment 11
Table 1 Ð Maximum areas of coverage per point-type smoke detector to
operate pre-action sprinkler installations in still air conditions for coincidence
and non-coincidence connection fire detection systems 4

 BSI 10-2000 i
 BS 7273-3:2000

Foreword

This British Standard code of practice has been prepared by Technical Committee
FSH/12. It is part of a series of standards covering the actuation of fire protection
measures. BS 7273-1 and BS 7273-2 cover the electrical and mechanical actuation of
gaseous extinguishing systems, BS 7273-3 is concerned with the ªprimingº of pre-action
systems, i.e. the rapid conversion of what is essentially a dry pipe sprinkler system into
a wet pipe system. This code of practice takes into account current British and
Eurpean Standards for fire detection systems (see BS 5445, BS 5839 and BS EN 54)
and for sprinkler systems (see BS 5306-2).
Annexes A, B, C and D are informative.
As a code of practice, this British Standard takes the form of guidance and
recommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specificaiton and particular
care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance are not misleading.
NOTE It has been assumed in the drafting of this British Standard that the execution of its provisions is
entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent people.

A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
Licensed copy:Merseyside Fire, 07/12/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1
to 11 and a back cover.
The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was
last issued.

ii  BSI 10-2000
 BS 7273-3:2000

Introduction
A pre-action sprinkler system consists of a sprinkler system and an electrical detection system with water
held back by the pre-action valve and pressurized air in the sprinkler pipework. In the event of the operation
of the electrical detection system the pre-action valve operates and allows water into the sprinkler pipework.
Two generic forms of operation exist: the ªtype 1º pre-action system and the ªtype 2º pre-action system.
The type 1 pre-action system will only discharge water onto the seat of the fire when both the electrical
detection system and a sprinkler or sprinklers have operated. Water will only enter the sprinkler pipework
following the pre-arranged operation of the detection system. Any accidental damage to the sprinklers or
pipework will not cause water to be discharged.
The type 1 systems are, therefore, normally used in situations in which:
Ð there is high potential for mechanical damage to the system; or
Ð the probability of mechanical damage may not be high, but the consequences of inadvertent water
damage would include serious damage to sensitive contents and/or major interruption to business.
The type 2 pre-action system will discharge water onto the seat of a fire when a sprinkler or sprinklers
operate, whether or not the electrical detection system has operated.
However, normally the fire detection system will operate before a sprinkler head so that, in effect, the
system is ªwetº at the time of sprinkler operation. The type 2 systems are normally used in circumstances in
Licensed copy:Merseyside Fire, 07/12/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

which there is a need to speed up the operation of a dry system.

The functions of the two systems can be depicted by the binary logic sequence using ªandº and ªorº gates as
given in Figure 1.
It is of extreme importance that fire detection systems and any interfaces associated with preaction sprinkler
systems have high integrity and do not cause the pre-action valve to remain closed under fire conditions. The
seriousness of this circumstance cannot be overstated.
It is also important to avoid inadvertent operation of the pre-action valve, as draining down of the system
may be time consuming and inconvenient.
The recommendations in this code of practice take these factors into account, as well as the
recommendations of the relevant British and European Standards covering fire detection (BS 5445,
BS 5839 and BS EN 54) and sprinklers (BS 5306-2).

 BSI 10-2000 1
 BS 7273-3:2000
Licensed copy:Merseyside Fire, 07/12/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

Figure 1 Ð Typical logic gate depiction of pre-action systems

1 Scope
This part of BS 7273 gives recommendations for the design, installation, operation and servicing of electrical
equipment used for the actuation of pre-action sprinkler systems.

2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of this part of this British Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions
of, any of these publications do not apply. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication
referred to applies.
BS 5306-2, Fire extinguishing installations and equipment on premises Ð Part 2: Specification for
sprinkler systems.
BS 5445 (all parts), Components of automatic fire detection systems.
BS 5839-1:1988, Fire detection and alarm systems for buildings Ð Part 1: Code of practice for system
design, installation and servicing.
BS 5839-5, Fire detection and alarm systems for buildings Ð Part 5: Specification for optical beam smoke
detectors.
BS 6266, Code of practice for fire protection for electronic data processing installations.
BS 7671, Requirements for electrical installations Ð IEE Wiring Regulations Ð Sixteenth edition.
BS EN 54-2, Fire detection and fire alarm systems Ð Part 2: Control and indicating equipment.
BS EN 54-4, Fire detection and fire alarm systems Ð Part 4: Power supply equipment.
BS EN 60651, Specification for sound level meters.

2  BSI 10-2000
 BS 7273-3:2000

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this part of BS 7273, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
pre-action system
dry, or alternate in dry mode, sprinkler installation in which the alarm valve can be opened by an
independent fire detection system in the protected area
3.2
coincidence connection
facility provided in a fire detection system so that an output is obtained only when at least two independent
detection inputs are present at the same time

4 System design
4.1 General considerations
The pre-action mode of operation introduces considerable additional complexity over and above the
relatively simple mechanical engineering associated with a standard sprinkler installation conforming to
BS 5306-2. Inevitably this affects the reliability of the system, although one of the main functions of this code
Licensed copy:Merseyside Fire, 07/12/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

of practice is to ensure that reliability is maximized. Before a type 1 pre-action system is specified, it should
be confirmed that the justification of use of a pre-action system outweighs the additional risk that the system
will fail to operate correctly in the event of fire.
4.2 Zoning of the pre-action sprinkler system
Zoning of pre-action sprinkler systems should be in accordance with the requirements and recommendations
of BS 5306-2.
4.3 Inter-relationship between detection system zoning and sprinkler system zoning
Each pre-action sprinkler installation requires a detection system to operate the pre-action valve when the
appropriate detection inputs are received.
Where single compartments are protected by more than one pre-action sprinkler installation, each sprinkler
installation should be regarded as a zone of protection. In such instances consideration should be given to a
fire occurring between, or on the borders of two or more zones. In this event the detection system(s) should
open all of the pre-action valves providing protection for that compartment.
4.4 Manual operation
4.4.1 Both type 1 and type 2 systems should have a dedicated facility for manual initiation of system
charging. This may interface with the pre-action system via the associated automatic fire detection system,
but should be additional to any arrangement whereby operation of a fire alarm call point results in charging
of the system.
NOTE Recommendations for manual release switches are given in 6.6.1.
4.4.2 The activation of a manual release switch should charge the sprinkler installation system immediately.
4.4.3 Manual release switches should be sited at a strategic location(s) where they are readily accessible in
an emergency. This should include a manual release switch at the control panel.
4.4.4 When more than one pre-action sprinkler installation is protecting an area and only one system is to
be charged with water, it is essential that care is taken in identifying the manual release switch for each
system to ensure the correct system is charged with water.
4.4.5 If a single fire compartment is protected by more than one pre-action sprinkler installation, the
manual release switches may be grouped or linked together.
4.4.6 It is not normal practice to use fire alarm manual call points to activate the pre-action system.
However, according to the application of the system and the associated risks, manual call points may be
used to contribute to the activation in conjunction with fire detectors, or may be used to directly initiate
activation.
4.5 Automatic operation
4.5.1 Systems should normally be charged by the operation of more than one automatic fire detector.
The fastest response for charging a pre-action sprinkler system is obtained from a signal from a single
detector. However, where the potential for false alarms and the resultant need to drain the system is
unacceptable, a coincidence arrangement should be used.

 BSI 10-2000 3
 BS 7273-3:2000

It should be appreciated that the response time is increased when coincidence connection is used. Any
benefits or disadvantages from early filling of the sprinkler pipework should be considered at the design
stage.
Where coincidence detection is used, the recommendations of Table 1 and where appropriate, BS 6266,
should be followed.
4.5.2 Detectors should conform to the relevant parts of BS 5445 or to BS 5839-5. They should be installed in
accordance with Table 1 and the recommendations of BS 5839-1 and, where appropriate, BS 6266.

Table 1 Ð Maximum areas of coverage per point-type smoke detector to operate preaction
sprinkler installations in still air conditions for coincidence and noncoincidence connection
fire detection systems
Hazard Maximum area of coverage per detector
One (non-coincidence connection) Two (coincidence connection)
detector detectors
m2 m2
Light 100 50
Ordinary groups I, II and III 100 50
Licensed copy:Merseyside Fire, 07/12/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

Ordinary groups III storage and III 50 25

special
High process and storage 50 25
categories I, II, III and IV
NOTE Occupancies, where a fast response is essential or those having electronic data processing (EDP) installations, may require
areas of coverage per detector smaller than those stated in the table. Appropriate values for EDP installations are given in
BS 5839-1 and/or BS 6266, as appropriate.

Where the hazard category of the sprinkler system is high [OH III and higher (see BS 53062)] consideration
should be given to increasing the density of detectors.
In the case of protected areas with forced ventilation providing more than four air changes per hour, the
area of detector coverage should be reduced to 15 m2 per detector, unless the forced ventilation is stopped
on operation of any one detector, in which case a coverage of 25 m2 per detector should be used.
Ventilation systems should be shut down on detection of fire.

5 Fire detection
The type(s) of detector selected should conform to the recommendations of BS 5839-1 and, where
appropriate, those of BS 6266.
Point smoke detectors are normally used to initiate charging of the sprinkler pipework. Very high sensitivity
fire detection systems, such as many aspirating type systems, should not normally be used in view of the
higher potential for false alarms associated with such systems.
NOTE If other types of detector (heat, flame) are used, careful consideration should be given to the effect on response time.

6 System interface
6.1 General
The automatic fire detectors associated with the pre-action sprinkler installation(s) should be arranged in
one of the following two ways.
a) Automatic fire detectors may be connected to, and monitored by, dedicated fire alarm control and
indicating equipment that does not form part of the control and monitoring facilities for the pre-action
valves, e.g. the fire detection may form part of the general fire detection and alarm system in the building
(see annex A).
When the general fire detection system is to be used as the detection system for the preaction system,
separate detection zones should be allocated to the area protected by the preaction system, so that it is
clear that the fire alarm indication is from the area protected by the pre-action system and not an adjacent
area or another part of the building.
b) Automatic fire detectors may be connected to the control and indicating equipment which is dedicated
to the pre-action sprinkler installation and which controls and monitors the pre-action valves as well as
monitoring the fire detectors (see annex B).

4  BSI 10-2000
 BS 7273-3:2000

In the case of a), a facility is needed for transmission of a signal(s) from the fire detection and alarm system
control and indicating equipment to separate pre-action sprinkler system control and indicating equipment.
All connections between the two control panels and to any normally closed solenoid valves should be
monitored.
NOTE 1 The transmission facility may, for example, comprise a volt free contact, switched 24 V supply or any other arrangement with
similar integrity and reliability.
In the case of b), fire alarm signals should be transmitted from the pre-action control and indicating
equipment to the building's fire alarm control and indicating equipment. Any such transmission path should
be monitored.
In either case a) or b), any fault which would prevent charging of the pre-action sprinkler system in the
event of fire should, within 100 s of its occurrence, initiate charging of the preaction system.
If the sprinkler installation is to be charged only when, for example, two independent fire detectors have
operated, the coincidence logic should be provided at either the fire alarm control and indicating equipment
(see annex C), or at the pre-action control and indicating equipment (see annex D).
NOTE 2 Other arrangements may also be used.

6.2 Interface design

In the case of the arrangement shown in Figure A.1, the fire alarm control and indicating equipment should
conform to the requirements of BS EN 54-2 and BS EN 54-4. In the absence of a specification for control
Licensed copy:Merseyside Fire, 07/12/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

equipment for pre-action sprinkler systems, the design and manufacture of the pre-action control and
indicating equipment in the arrangement shown in Figures A.1 and B.1 should be in accordance with the
specifications for fire detection and alarm system control and indicating equipment in BS EN 54-2
and BS EN 54-4.
Whichever arrangement is adopted, no single component failure or failure of a processor to correctly execute
its function should prevent the charging of the pre-action sprinkler system.
NOTE This recommendation can be satisfied by duplication of components (or other redundancy in circuit design), by an arrangement
in which a fault results in charging of the pre-action sprinkler system, or by a combination of the two. Where the above recommendation
is achieved either partly or wholly by duplication of components, a failure of any one of the duplicated components should result in a
fault warning (but not necessarily charging of the sprinkler system).

6.3 Visual and audible indication at the control equipment

In the case of the arrangement in Figure A.1, the pre-action control and indicating equipment should
incorporate all visual and audible indicating facilities specified in BS EN 54-2, other than those associated
with fire detection circuits.
In the case of the arrangement in Figure B.1, the pre-action control and indicating equipment should
incorporate all visual and audible indicating facilities specified in BS EN 54-2.
In both Figure A.1 and Figure B.1, the pre-action control and indicating equipment should be provided with
facilities for visual indication of each of the following conditions:
a) power supply healthy;
b) system fault (as defined by the relevant clauses of BS EN 54-2);
c) system disabled (e.g. by use of any control provided to isolate automatic detectors or the release
mechanism);
d) low air pressure;
e) system failed to charge;
f) system charged.
A control sounder within or external to the system control equipment should give an audible warning in the
event of conditions listed in b) to e). The audible fire and fault warning sounders should each produce a
sound level of at least 50 dBA at every point less than 1 m from the control equipment enclosure when
measured with an instrument conforming to BS EN 60651.
The system charged indication should be derived from a pressure switch in the sprinkler installation
pipework.
Any sprinkler zone should be separately identifiable at the controls as a detection zone.

 BSI 10-2000 5
 BS 7273-3:2000

6.4 Output signals from control equipment

The pre-action system interface equipment should be provided with the following outputs:
a) output(s) for connection of two solenoid valves or actuator mechanisms arranged so that a single open
circuit or short circuit at any point on the external wiring will not prevent both solenoid valves or
actuation mechanisms from operating;
NOTE 1 This recommendation can be met either by the provision of two independent circuits to the solenoid valves or actuator
devices, or by a single output to a ring circuit that includes protection against both open circuit and short circuit faults.
b) outputs to any audible warning devices required for indication of fire;
NOTE 2 Where the purpose of these outputs is to provide the primary warning of fire to occupants of the building, two independent
outputs should be provided to enable conformity to BS 5839-1. Where coincidence detection is used, such outputs may operate on the
first or second input, as appropriate.
c) outputs for system fault, system charged, system failed to charge.
6.5 Monitoring
All external input and output circuits, including any connections to fire alarm control and indicating
equipment and to any normally closed solenoid valves, should be monitored in accordance with BS 5839-1,
BS EN 54-2 and BS EN 54-4. An open or short circuit on any input to the pre-action interface equipment and
to and from the fire alarm control and indicating equipment should result in a fault indication at the
pre-action interface equipment.
Licensed copy:Merseyside Fire, 07/12/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

6.6 Control and indicating devices

6.6.1 Manual release
Where a manual release switch is provided, its operation should result in the following:
a) a silenceable audible warning;
b) operation of the release mechanism to open the pre-action sprinkler system control valve;
c) a latched visual indication.
Operation of an electrical manual release should require two actions (e.g. lifting a flap and breaking a
frangible element, or lifting a flap and operating a key switch) to prevent accidental operation. The manual
release housing should be predominantly yellow in colour and marked with operating instructions. Switches
that require the breaking of a glazed cover in order to reach the manual release should be avoided because
of the potential hazard to the operator.
6.6.2 Filling of pipework
The filling of pipework resulting from the operation of the release mechanism should produce the following:
a) a silenceable audible warning;
b) a latched visual indication at the control and indicating equipment;
c) a system charged indication.
NOTE Failure of a system to charge on demand (i.e. a short time after transmission of a signal to the release mechanism) should result
in a dedicated visual and audible indication.

6.6.3 Remote signalling

Confirmation of any operation of the pre-action sprinkler system should be derived from a pressure or flow
switch in the discharge pipework, and not from the actuating signal output of the pre-action control
equipment. Any signal should be transmitted to the main fire control equipment.
Consideration should be given to the need for delay timers to be used in conjunction with the flow switches
to avoid unwanted alarms.

7 Power supplies
The power supplies for the fire detection and alarm system and the pre-action sprinkler system should be in
accordance with BS 5839-1, with an isolating protective device labelled ªFIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM: DO
NOT SWITCH OFFº.
NOTE A common power supply for the pre-action system and the detection and alarm system may be used provided that there is no
adverse interaction between them and that there is sufficient capacity in the standby supplies to meet simultaneously the maximum load
requirement for both systems. The standby capacity for the system should be determined against the system requirements when
considering BS 58391:1988, 16.5.2.2 for supervised systems and BS 5839-1:1988, 16.5.2.3 for other systems.

6  BSI 10-2000
 BS 7273-3:2000

8 Wiring
The wiring of the pre-action sprinkler system should have a fire resistance recommended by BS 5839-1 for
applications requiring prolonged operation during a fire. All wiring should be installed to satisfy the
recommendations of BS 5839-1 and BS 7671, published by the Institution of Electrical Engineers1).

9 Servicing
9.1.1 The user of the installation should ensure that the system is in good working order at all times.
NOTE This can be achieved by entering into an ªinspection and serviceº contract whereby the manufacturer, his/her agent or an
accredited servicing organization carries out this inspection.

9.1.2 The user should undertake responsibility for daily and weekly attention in accordance with the
manufacturer's/installer's recommendations and with BS 5839-1 and BS 5306-2. Appropriate levels of care
should be exercised when operating or checking the system. Training should normally be given by the
manufacturer or his/her agent.
9.1.3 The fire detection and alarm system should be inspected and tested, serviced and maintained in
accordance with BS 5839-1. The pre-action sprinkler system should be tested, serviced and maintained in
accordance with BS 5306-2. Records of all inspections and tests should be maintained.
9.1.4 The operation of any remote connections, ancillary operating devices and sounders should be tested
Licensed copy:Merseyside Fire, 07/12/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

during the quarterly visit for the fire detection and alarm system maintenance (as specified in BS 5839-1).

1) BS 7671, Requirements for electrical installations, IEE Wiring Regulations, Sixteenth edition. Available from Station House,
Nightingale Rd, Hitchin, Herts.

 BSI 10-2000 7
 BS 7273-3:2000

Annex A (informative)
Example of an arrangement for separate fire alarm and pre-action control and
indicating equipment
Figure A.1 shows an example of an arrangement for separate fire alarm and pre-action control and indicating
equipment.
Licensed copy:Merseyside Fire, 07/12/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

Figure A.1 Ð Example of an arrangement for separate fire alarm and pre-action control and
indicating equipment

8  BSI 10-2000
 Licensed copy:Merseyside Fire, 07/12/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI
 BSI 10-2000

Annex B (informative)
Example of an arrangement for fire detectors and pre-action valve-set connected to and monitpred by a single control panel
Figure B.1 shows an example of an arrangement for fire detectors and pre-action valve-set connected to and monitored by a single control panel.

BS 7273-3:2000
Figure B.1 Ð Example of an arrangemrent for fire detectors and pre-action valve-set conneted to and
monitored by a single control panel
9
 Licensed copy:Merseyside Fire, 07/12/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI
10

BS 7273-3:2000
Annex C (informative)
Example of an arrangement for any coincidence logic provided at fire alarm control and indicating equipment
Figure C.1 shows an example of an arrangement for any coincidence logic provided at fire alarm control and indicating equipment.

Figure C.1 Ð Example of an arrangement for any coincidence logic provided at fire alarm control and
indicating equipment
 BSI 10-2000
 Licensed copy:Merseyside Fire, 07/12/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI
 BSI 10-2000

Annex D (informative)
Example of an arrangement for any coincidence logic provided at pre-action control and indicating equipment
Figure D.1 shows an example of an arrangement for any coincidence logic provided at pre-action control and indicating equipment.

Figure D.1 Example of an arrangement for any coincidence logic provided at pre-action control and
indicating equipment

BS 7273-3:2000
11
 BS 7273-3:2000 |
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London |
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W4 4AL |
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