21

THE p-BLOCK ELEMENTS

(GROUP 15, 16, 17 AND 18)
FACT / DEFINITION TYPE QUESTIONS 10. Pick out the wrong statement.
(a) Nitrogen has the ability to form pp -pp bonds with itself.
1. Ionic radii (in Å) of As3+, Sb3+ and Bi3+ follow the order (b) Bismuth forms metallic bonds in elemental state.
(a) As3+ > Sb3+ > Bi3+ (b) Sb3+ > Bi3+ >As3+ (c) Catenation tendency is higher in nitrogen when
3+
(c) Bi > As > Sb 3+ 3+ (d) Bi3+ > Sb3+ > As3+ compared with other elements of the same group.
2. Which of the following statements is not correct for (d) Nitrogen has higher first ionisation enthalpy when
nitrogen? compared with other elements of the same group.
(a) Its electronegativity is very high 11. Nitrogen forms N2, but phosphorus is converted into P4
(b) d-orbitals are available for bonding from P, the reason is
(c) It is a typical non-metal (a) Triple bond is present between phosphorus atom
(d) Its molecular size is small (b) p – p bonding is strong
3. Collectively the elements of group 15 are called – p p

(c) p – p bonding is weak

(a) pnicogens (b) pnicopens p p

(d) Multiple bond is formed easily

(c) nicopen (d) None of these
12. What causes nitrogen to be chemically inert ?
4. Which one of the following elements is most metallic ?
(a) P (b) As (a) Multiple bond formation in the molecule
(c) Sb (d) Bi (b) Absence of bond polarity
5. Which of the following statement is incorrect for group 15 (c) Short internuclear distance
elements ? (d) High bond energy
(a) Order of ionization enthalpies is 13. Among the 15th group elements, as we move from nitrogen
D i H1 < D iH2 < D i H3 to bismuth, the pentavalency becomes less pronounced
(b) The boiling point and melting point increases from top and trivalency becomes more pronounced due to
to bottom in the group (a) Non metallic character (b) Inert pair effect
(c) Dinitrogen is a gas while all others are solids (c) High electronegativity (d) Large ionization energy
(d) All statements are correct 14. Pentavalence in phosphorus is more stable when compared
6. Which of the follow group 15 element forms metallic bonds to that of nitrogen even though they belong to same group.
in elemental state ? This is due to
(a) As (b) P (a) dissimilar electronic configuration
(c) Sb (d) Bi (b) due to presence of vacant d-orbitals
7. The three important oxidation states of phosphorus are (c) reactivity of phosphorus
(a) –3, +3 and +5 (b) –3, +3 and –5 (d) inert nature of nitrogen
(c) –3, +3 and +2 (d) –3, +3 and +4 15. Which one has the lowest boiling point ?
8. Nitrogen is relatively inactive element because (a) NH3 (b) PH3
(a) its atom has a stable electronic configuration (c) AsH3 (d) SbH3
(b) it has low atomic radius 16. Most acidic oxide among the following is –
(c) its electronegativity is fairly high
(a) N2O5 (b) P2O5
(d) dissociation energy of its molecule is fairly high
(c) N2O4 (d) As 2 O 3
9. Which of the following has the highest pp – pp bonding
tendency ? 17. Which of the following species has the highest dipole moment?
(a) N (b) P (a) NH3 (b) PH3
(c) As (d) Sb (c) AsH3 (d) SbH3
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18. The correct decreasing order of basic strength is: 29. NH3 gas is dried over :
(a) AsH3 > SbH3 > PH3 > NH3 (a) CaO (b) HNO3
(b) SbH 3 > AsH 3 > PH 3 > NH 3 (c) P2O5 (d) CuSO4
30. The shape of ammonia molecule is
(c) NH 3 > PH 3 > AsH 3 > SbH 3
(a) tetrahedral (b) pyramidal
(d) PH 3 > AsH 3 > SbH 3 > NH 3
(c) planar triangle (d) octahedral
19. Which of the following fluorides does not exist? 31. When ammonia is heated with cupric oxide, a molecule of
(a) NF5 (b) PF5 ammonia will
(c) AsF 5 (d) SbF5 (a) gain 3 electrons (b) lose 3 electrons
20. The p-block element of group 15 that forms predominantly (c) gain 2 electrons (d) lose 2 electrons
basic oxide is
32. In which the NH3 is not used ?
(a) N (b) P
(a) Cold storage
(c) As (d) Bi
(b) Anaesthetic
21. With respect to protonic acids, which of the following
statements is correct ? (c) Manufacture of rayon and plastic
(a) PH3 is more basic than NH3 (d) None of these
(b) PH3 is less basic than NH3 33. Liquid ammonia bottles are opened after cooling them in ice
(c) PH3 is equally basic as NH3 for sometime. It is because liquid NH3
(d) PH3 is amphoteric while NH3 is basic (a) Brings tears to the eyes
22. PCl5 is possible but NCl5 does not exist : (b) Has a high vapour pressure
(a) in N, d-sub-shell is absent (c) Is a corrosive liquid
(b) ionization energy of N is very high (d) Is a mild explosive
(c) it does not like Cl 34. Ammonia is generally manufactured for fertilizers by the
(d) None of these reaction
23. Maximum covalency of nitrogen is __________. (a) 2 NH 4 Cl + Ca (OH ) 2 ® CaCl 2 + 2H 2 O + 2 NH 3
(a) 3 (b) 5 (b) By passing an electric discharge in a mixture of N2 and
(c) 4 (d) 6 H2
24. Elements of group-15 form compounds in +5 oxidation state. (c) By passing a mixture of N2 and H2 under high pressure
However, bismuth forms only one well characterised and moderate temperature over a catalyst
compound in +5 oxidation state. The compound is (d) None of these
(a) Bi2O5 (b) BiF5 35. Nitrogen dioxide cannot be obtained by heating :
(c) BiCl5 (d) Bi2S5 (a) KNO3 (b) Pb(NO3)2
25. Pure nitrogen is prepared in the laboratory by heating a mixture (c) Cu(NO3)2 (d) AgNO3
of
36. Which of the following oxides is neutral ?
(a) NH4OH + NaCl (b) NH4NO3 + NaCl
(a) N2O3 (b) N2O4
(c) NH4Cl + NaOH (d) NH4Cl + NaNO2.
(c) N2O5 (d) N2O
26. On heating ammonium dichromate and barium azide
separately we get 37. The bonds present in N2O5 are :
(a) N2 in both cases (a) only ionic (b) covalent and coordinate
(b) N2 with ammonium dichromate and NO with barium (c) only covalent (d) covalent and ionic
azide 38. Which of the following oxides of nitrogen is a coloured
(c) N2O with ammonium dichromate and N2 with barium gas?
azide (a) N2O (b) NO
(d) N2O with ammonium dichromate and NO2 with barium (c) N2O5 (d) NO2
azide 39. Which of the following shows nitrogen with its increasing
27. In Haber’s process for the manufacture of NH 3 : order of oxidation number?
(a) NO < N2O < NO2 < NO3– < NH4+
(a) finely divided nickel is used as a catalyst
(b) NH4+ < N2O < NO2 < NO3– < NO
(b) finely divided iron is used as a catalyst
(c) finely divided molybdenum is used as a catalyst (c) NH4+ < N2O < NO < NO2 < NO3–
(d) no catalyst is necessary (d) NH4+ < NO < N2O < NO2 < NO3–
28. Ammonia on reaction with hypochlorite anion can form : 40. In which one of the following oxides of nitrogen, one
(a) NO (b) N2H4 nitrogen atom is not directly linked to oxygen?
(c) NH4Cl (d) Both (b) and (c) (a) NO (b) N2O4
(c) N2O (d) N2O3
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41. Which of the following oxides of nitrogen reacts with FeSO4 53. The nitrogen oxides that contain(s) N–N bond(s) is /are
to form a dark brown compound (i) N2O (ii) N2O3
(a) N2O (b) NO (iii) N2O4 (iv) N2O5
(c) NO2 (d) N2O3 (a) (i) , (ii) (b) (ii) , (iii) , (iv)
42. Which oxide of nitrogen is obtained on heating ammonium (c) (iii) , (iv) (d) (i), (ii) and (iii)
nitrate at 250ºC ? 54. Zinc on reaction with dilute HNO3 gives x and zinc on
(a) Nitric oxide (b) Nitrous oxide reaction with concentrated HNO3 gives y. Identify x and y.
(c) Nitrogen dioxide (d) Dinitrogen tetraoxide (a) x = NO2 , y = N2O (b) x = N2O , y = NO
43. Which of the following can be used as an anaesthesia ? (c) x = NO , y = NO2 (d) x = N2O , y = NO2
(a) N2O (b) NO 55. Which of the following is incorrect for white and red
(c) NCl3 (d) NO2 phosphorus ?
44. A deep brown gas is formed by mixing two colourless gases (a) They are both soluble in CS2
which are (b) They can be oxidised by heating in air
(a) NO2 and O2 (b) N2O and NO (c) They consist of the same kind of atoms
(d) They can be converted into one another
(c) NO and O2 (d) NH3 and HCl
56. Which of the following phosphorus is most reactive ?
45. Which of the following elements does not form stable
diatomic molecules ? (a) Red phosphorus (b) White phosphorus
(c) Scarlet phosphorus (d) Violet phosphorus
(a) Iodine (b) Phosphorus
57. White phosphorus is
(c) Nitrogen (d) Oxygen
(a) a monoatomic gas (b) P4, a tetrahedral solid
46. The catalyst used in the manufacture of HNO 3 by (c) P8, a crown (d) a linear diatomic molecule
Ostwald’s process is : 58. Which property of white phosphorus is common to
(a) platinum gauze (b) vanadium pentoxide red phosphorous ?
(c) finely divided nickel (d) platinum black . (a) It burns when heated in air.
47. Concentrated nitric acid, upon long standing, turns yellow (b) It reacts with hot caustic soda solution to give
brown due to the formation of phosphine.
(a) NO (b) NO2 (c) It shows chemiluminescence.
(c) N2O (d) N2O4 (d) It is soluble in carbon disulphide.
48. Which of the following trihalide is unstable? 59. Which of the following statements regarding allotropic
(a) NF3` (b) AsCl3 forms of phosphorus is incorrect?
(a) White phosphorus is more reactive than red and black
(c) SbBr3 (d) NCl3
due to high angular strain.
49. What will be the A and B in the following equations.
(b) Red phosphorus on heating catches fire and give
8NH3 + 3Cl2 ¾ ¾® 6NH 4Cl + N 2 dense red fumes of P4O10.
( A) (c) Red phosphorus is polymeric in nature consisting of
NH3 + 3Cl 2 ¾¾ ® NCl3 + 3HCl chains of P4 tetrahedral.
( B) (d) Black phosphorus has two forms a -black and b -black
(a) A = Excess, B = Excess phosphorus
(b) A = Limited, B = Excess 60. Which of the following is incorrect?
(c) A = Excess, B = Limited (a) M.p of monoclinic sulphur > m.p. of rhombic sulphur.
(d) A = Limited, B = Limited (b) Specific gravity of rhombic sulphur > specific gravity
of monoclinic sulphur.
50. Which of the following is the strongest reducing agent ?
(c) Monoclinic sulphur is stable below 369 K.
(a) NH3 (b) PH3
(d) Both rhombic sulphur and monoclinic sulphur have
(c) BiH3 (d) SbH3 S8 molecules.
51. Which of the following element will form acidic oxides of 61. One mole of calcium phosphide on reaction with excess
type E2O3? water gives
(a) As (b) Sb (a) one mole of phosphine
(c) Bi (d) P (b) two moles of phosphoric acid
52. Which one of the following is not an use of ammonia ? (c) two moles of phosphine
(a) To produce various nitrogenous fertilizers. (d) one mole of phosphorus pentoxide
(b) In manufacture of nitric acid 62. PH3, the hydride of phosphorus is
(c) As a refrigerate (a) metallic (b) ionic
(d) In the pickling of stainless steel (c) non-metallic (d) covalent
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63. Phosphine is not obtained by which of the following reaction (a) zero (b) two
(a) White P is heated with NaOH (c) three (d) four
(b) Red P is heated with NaOH 75. Oxidation states of P in H4 P2O5 , H4 P2O6 , and H4 P2O7 ,
(c) Ca3P2 reacts with water
are respectively:
(d) Phosphorus trioxide is boiled with water
(a) + 3, + 5, + 4 (b) + 5, + 3, + 4
64. Phosphine is not evolved when
(c) + 5, + 4, + 3 (d) + 3, + 4, + 5
(a) white phosphorus is boiled with a strong solution of
76. How many bridging oxygen atoms are present in P4O10?
Ba(OH)2
(a) 5 (b) 6
(b) phosphorus acid is heated
(c) 4 (d) 2
(c) calcium hypophosphite is heated
77. Which of the following statements is not valid for oxoacids
(d) metaphosphoric acid is heated.
of phosphorus?
65. Pure phosphine is not combustible while impure phosphine
(a) Orthophosphoric acid is used in the manufacture of
is combustible, this combustibility is due to presence of
triple superphosphate.
(a) P2 H 4 (b) N2 (b) Hypophosphorous acid is a diprotic acid.
(c) PH 5 (d) P2 O5 (c) All oxoacids contain tetrahedral four coordinated
phosphorus.
66. When orthophosphoric acid is heated to 600°C, the product
(d) All oxoacids contain atleast one P = O and one P —
formed is
OH group.
(a) PH3 (b) P2O5
78. What is hybridization of P in PCl5 ?
(c) H3PO3 (d) HPO3
(a) sp3 (b) sp3 d 2
67. P2O5 is heated with water to give 3
(c) sp d (d) sp2
(a) hypophosphorous acid(b) phosphorous acid
79. Which of the following is a cyclic phosphate ?
(c) hypophosphoric acid (d) orthophosphoric acid
(a) H3 P3 O10 (b) H6 P4 O13
68. Basicity of orthophosphoric acid is
(c) H5 P5 O15 (d) H7 P5 O16
(a) 2 (b) 3
80. P—O—P bond is present in
(c) 4 (d) 5
(a) H4P2O6 (b) H4P2O5
69. PCl3 reacts with water to form
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a) nor (b)
(a) PH3 (b) H3PO4 and HCl
81. Orthophosphoric acid is
(c) POCl3 (d) H3PO4
(a) monobasic (b) dibasic
70. H3PO2 is the molecular formula of an acid of phosphorus.
(c) tribasic (d) tetrabasic
Its name and basicity respectively are
82. The oxyacid of phosphorous in which phosphorous has
(a) phosphorus acid and two
the lowest oxidation state is
(b) hypophosphorous acid and two
(a) hypophosphorous acid
(c) hypophosphorous acid and one
(b) orthophosphoric acid
(d) hypophosphoric acid and two
(c) pyrophosphoric acid
71. The structural formula of hypophosphorous acid is
(d) metaphosphoric acid
O O 83. The number of P—O—P bonds in cyclic metaphosphoric
P P acid is
(a) H (b) H (a) zero (b) two
OH OH
H OH (c) three (d) four
84. Among the oxyacids of phosphorus, the dibasic acid is
O O (a) H4P2O7 (b) H3PO2
P P (c) HPO3 (d) H3PO3
(c) HO (d) H
OH OOH 85. The basicity of pyrophosphorus acid is
OH OH (a) 2 (b) 4
72. Number of sigma bonds in P4O10 is (c) 1 (d) 5
(a) 6 (b) 7 86. The oxidation state of phosphorus in
(c) 17 (d) 16. cyclotrimetaphosphoric acid is
73. The number of hydrogen atom(s) attached to phosphorus (a) +3 (b) +5
atom in hypophosphorous acid is (c) –3 (d) +2
(a) three (b) one 87. Which acid has P – P linkage ?
(c) two (d) zero (a) Hypophosphoric acid (b) Pyrophosphoric acid
74. The number of P – O – P bonds in cyclic metaphosphoric (c) Metaphosphoric acid (d) Orthophosphoric acid
acid is
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88. In a cyclotrimetaphosphoric acid molecule, how many single 100. Which of the following is not correctly matched ?
and double bonds are present? (a) SF4 – gas (b) SeF4 – liquid
(a) 3 double bonds; 9 single bonds (c) TeF4 – solid (d) SF6 – solid
(b) 6 double bonds; 6 single bonds 101. The compound which gives off oxygen on moderate heating
(c) 3 double bonds; 12 single bonds is :
(d) Zero double bonds; 12 single bonds (a) cupric oxide (b) mercuric oxide
89. Strong reducing behaviour of H3PO2 is due to (c) zinc oxide (d) aluminium oxide
(a) Low oxidation state of phosphorus 102. Oxygen molecule is
(b) Presence of two –OH groups and one P–H bond (a) diamagnetic with no-unpaired electron(s)
(c) Presence of one –OH group and two P–H bonds (b) diamagnetic with two unpaired electrons
(d) High electron gain enthalpy of phosphorus (c) paramagnetic with two unpaired electrons
90. In solid state PCl5 is a ________. (d) paramagnetic with no unpaired electron(s)
(a) covalent solid 103. The number of electrons that are paired in oxygen molecule
are
(b) octahedral structure
(a) 16 (b) 12
(c) ionic solid with [PCl6 ]+ octahedral and [PCl 4] –
(c) 14 (d) 7
tetrahedra
104. On heating KClO3 we get
(d) ionic solid with [PCl4 ]+ tetrahedral and [PCl 6 ]–
(a) KClO2 + O2 (b) KCl + O2
octahedra
(c) KCl + O3 (d) KCl + O2 + O3
91. Electron affinity of sulphur is
105. Which of the following is not oxidized by O3 ?
(a) more than O and Se
(a) KI (b) FeSO4
(b) more than O but less than Se
(c) KMnO4 (d) K2MnO4
(c) less than O but more than Se
106. About 20 km above the earth, there is an ozone layer. Which
(d) equal to O and Se one of the following statements about ozone and ozone
92. All the elements of oxygen family are layer is true?
(a) non metals (b) metalloids (a) Ozone has a triatomic linear molecule
(c) radioactive (d) polymorphic (b) It is harmful as it stops useful radiation
93. Which shows maximum catenation property ? (c) It is beneficial to us as it stops U.V radiation
(a) S (b) Se (d) Conversion of O3 to O2 is an endothermic reaction
(c) Te (d) O 107. Oxygen gas can be prepared from solid KMnO4 by :
94. Oxygen and sulphur both are the members of the same group
in periodic table but H2O is liquid while H2S is gas because (a) treating the solid with H 2 gas
(a) molecular weight of water is more (b) strongly heating the solid
(b) electronegativity of sulphur is more (c) dissolving the solid in dil. H 2SO 4
(c) H2S is weak acid
(d) dissolving solid in dil. HCl
(d) water molecules are having weak hydrogen bonds
108. Which of the following statements is correct :
between them
(a) Ozone is a resonance hybrid of oxygen
95. Which of the following hydrides has the lowest boiling
(b) Ozone is an isomer of oxygen
point?
(c) Ozone has no relationship with oxygen
(a) H2O (b) H2S
(d) Ozone is an allotropic modification of oxygen
(c) H2Se (d) H2Te 109. Which of the following on thermal decomposition gives
96. Which of the following hydrides is most acidic ? oxygen gas ?
(a) H2Te (b) H2Se (a) Ag2 O (b) Pb3O4
(c) H2O (d) H2S (c) PbO2 (d) All of these
97. Which of the following hydrides shows the highest boiling 110. Which of the following is an acidic oxide?
point ? (a) Mn 2O7 (b) Na2O
(a) H2O (b) H2S (a) N2O (b) BaO
(c) H2Se (d) H2Te 111. Atomicity of sulphur in rhombic sulphur is
98. Which is the best oxidising agent among the following ? (a) 1 (b) 2
(a) S (b) O (c) 8 (d) 6
(c) Se (d) Te 112. Which of the following form of the sulphur shows
99. Which of the following oxide is amphoteric ? paramagnetic behaviour ?
(a) SnO2 (b) CaO (a) S8 (b) S6
(c) SiO2 (d) CO2 (c) S2 (d) All of these
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113. What is X in the following reaction ? 126. Hot conc. H2SO4 acts as moderately strong oxidising agent.
X It oxidises both metals and nonmetals. Which of the
2SO2(g) + O2(g) ¾ ¾ ® 2SO3(g) following element is oxidised by conc. H2SO4 into two
(a) V2O5 (b) CuO gaseous products?
(c) CuCl2 (d) MnO2 (a) Cu (b) S
114. Which of the following oxo acid of sulphur has O–O bond ? (c) C (d) Zn
(a) H2S2O7 (b) H2S2O8 127. Caro’s acid is
(c) H2S2O6 (d) H2S2O5 (a) H2SO3 (b) H3S2O5
115. Carbohydrates on reaction with conc. H2SO4 becomes (c) H2SO5 (d) H2S2O8
charred due to
128. Sulphuric acid reacts with PCl5 to give
(a) hydrolysis (b) dehydration
(a) thionyl chloride (b) sulphur monochloride
(c) hydration (d) oxidation
(c) sulphuryl chloride (d) sulphur tetrachloride
116. Which of the following is the key step in the manufacture of
sulphuric acid ? 129. Which one of the following reacts with conc. H2SO4?
(a) Burning of sulphur or sulphide ores in air to generate (a) Au (b) Ag
SO2 (c) Pt (d) Pb
(b) Conversion of SO2 to SO3 by the reaction with oxygen 130. The number of dative bonds in sulphuric acid molecule is
in presence of catalyst. (a) 0 (b) 1
(c) Absorption of SO3 in H2SO4 to give oleum. (c) 2 (d) 4
(d) Both (b) and (c) 131. What is the number of sigma ( s ) and pi ( p ) bonds present
117. Hybridization of S in SO3 is in sulphuric acid molecule ?
(a) sp 2 (b) sp 3 (a) 6 s , 2 p (b) 6 s , 0 p
(c) sp d2 (d) sp 3 d 2 (c) 2 s , 4 p (d) 2 s , 2 p
118. By which of the following SO2 is formed ? 132. Which characteristic is not correct about H2SO4 ?
(a) Reaction of dil. H2SO4 with O2 (a) Reducing agent (b) Oxidising agent
(b) Hydrolysis of dil. H2SO4 (c) Sulphonating agent (d) Highly viscous
(c) Reaction of conc. H2SO4 with Cu 133. Among F, Cl, Br and I the lowest ionization potential will be
(d) None of these of
119. Number of bonds in SO2 are (a) fluorine (b) chlorine
(a) two s and two p (b) two s and one p (c) bromine (d) iodine
(c) two s and three p (d) None of these 134. The electronegativity follows the order
120. Bleaching action of SO2 is due to its (a) F > O > Cl > Br (b) F > Cl > Br > O
(a) oxidising property (b) acidic property (c) O > F > Cl > Br (d) Cl > F > O > Br
(c) reducing property (d) basic property
135. The bond energies of F2 , Cl2, Br2 and I2 are 155, 244, 193
121. The acid which has a peroxy linkage is and 151 kJ mol–1 respectively. The weakest bond will be in
(a) Sulphurous acid (b) Pyrosulphuric acid
(a) Br2 (b) Cl2
(c) Dithionic acid (d) Caro’s acid
(c) F2 (d) I2
122. S – S bond is not present in
136. The outer electronic structure of 3s2 3p5 is possessed by
(a) S 2 O 24 -
(b) S2 O 52 -
(a) O (b) Cl
(c) S2 O 32 -
(d) S2 O 27 - (c) Br (d) Ar
137. Electron gain enthalpy with negative sign of fluorine is less
123. Oleum is
than that of chlorine due to :
(a) castor Oil (b) oil of vitriol
(a) High ionization enthalpy of fluorine
(c) fuming H 2SO 4 (d) None of them
(b) Smaller size of chlorine atom
124. On addition of conc. H2SO4 to a chloride salt, colourless
fumes are evolved but in case of iodide salt, violet fumes (c) Smaller size of fluorine atom
come out. This is because (d) Bigger size of 2p orbital of fluorine
(a) H2SO4reduces HI to I2 138. Which one of the following order is correct for the bond
(b) HI is of violet colour energies of halogen molecules ?
(c) HI gets oxidised to I2 (a) I2 > Cl2 > Br2 (b) Br2 > Cl2 > I2
(d) HI changes to HIO3 (c) I2 > Br2 > Cl2 (d) Cl2 > Br2 > I2
125. Which of the following are peroxoacids of sulphur? 139. The correct order of reactivity of halogens with alkalies is
(a) H2SO5 and H2S2O8 (b) H2SO5 and H2S2O7 (a) F > Cl > Br > I (b) F < Cl > Br < I
(c) H2S2O7 and H2S2O8 (d) H2S2O6 and H2S2O7 (c) F < Cl < Br < I (d) F < Cl < Br > I
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140. The correct order of increasing oxidising power is 154. Cl2 reacts with hot and conc. NaOH to give –
(a) F2 > Br2 > Cl2 > I2 (b) F2 < Cl2 < Br2 < I2 (a) NaClO (b) NaClO3
(c) Cl2> Br2 > F2 > I2 (d) I2 < Br 2 < Cl2 < F2 (c) NaClO2 (d) NaClO4
141. Fluorine is a stronger oxidising agent than chlorine in 155. When chlorine reacts with cold and dilute solution of sodium
aqueous solution. This is attributed to many factors except hydroxide, the products obtained are
(a) heat of dissociation (b) ionisation potential (a) Cl– + ClO– (b) Cl– + ClO 2 -

(c) heat of hydration (d) electron affinity

142. Fluorine exhibits an oxidation state of only –1 because (c) Cl– + ClO3 -
(d) Cl– + ClO 4 -

(a) it can readily accept an electron 156. Chlorine is liberated when we heat
(b) it is very strongly electronegative (a) KMnO4 + NaCl (b) K2Cr2O7 + MnO2
(c) it is a non-metal (c) Pb(NO3)2 + MnO2 (d) K2Cr2O7 + HCl
(d) it belongs to halogen family 157. Which of the following is used in the preparation of chlorine?
143. Which of the following halogen does not exhibit positive (a) Only MnO2
oxidation state in its compounds? (b) Only KMnO4
(a) Cl (b) Br (c) Both MnO2 and KMnO4
(c) I (d) F (d) Either MnO2 or KMnO4
144. The halogen that is most easily reduced is 158. The reaction of KMnO4 and HCl results in
(a) F2 (b) Cl2 (a) oxidation of Mn in KMnO4 and production of Cl2
(c) Br2 (d) I2 (b) reduction of Mn in KMnO4 and production of H2
145. Which one of the following elements shows more than one (c) oxidation of Mn in KMnO4 and production of H2
oxidation states ? (d) reduction of Mn in KMnO4 and production of Cl2
(a) Sodium (b) Fluorine 159. Bleaching powder on standing forms mixture of :
(c) Chlorine (d) Potassium (a) CaO + Cl 2 (b) CaO + CaCl 2
146. Which of the following halogens exhibit only one oxidation (c) HOCl + Cl 2 (d) CaCl 2 + Ca (ClO3 ) 2
state in its compounds ?
160. Hydrochloric acid at 25ºC is
(a) Bromine (b) Chlorine
(a) ionic and liquid (b) covalent and liquid
(c) Fluorine (d) Iodine
(c) ionic and gas (d) None of these
147. Which of the following is the best description for the
161. Gaseous HCl is a poor conductor of electricity while its
behaviour of bromine in the reaction given below ?
aqueous solution is a good conductor this is because
H 2 O + Br2 ® HOBr + HBr
(a) H 2 O is a good conductor of electricity
(a) Proton acceptor only
(b) Both oxidized and reduced (b) a gas cannot conduct electricity but a liquid can
(c) HCl gas does not obey Ohm’s law, whereas the solution
(c) Oxidized only
does
(d) Reduced only
(d) HCl ionises in aqueous solution
148. Among the following which is the strongest oxidising agent?
162. Which one is most stable to heat –
(a) Br2 (b) I2 (a) HClO (b) HClO2
(c) Cl2 (d) F2 (c) HClO3 (d) HClO4
149. The correct order of heat of formation of halogen acids is 163. Interhalogen compounds are more reactive than the
(a) HI > HBr > HCl > HF (b) HF > HCl > HBr > HI individual halogen because
(c) HCl > HF > HBr > HI (d) HCl > HBr > HF > HI (a) two halogens are present in place of one
150. Which is the weakest out of HF, HCl, HBr and HI? (b) they are more ionic
(a) HF (b) HCl (c) their bond energy is less than the bond energy of the
(c) HBr (d) HI halogen molecule
151. Which of the following is most volatile ? (d) they carry more energy
(a) HI (b) HBr 164. Which of the following is not the characteristic of
(c) HCl (d) HF interhalogen compounds ?
152. At room temperature, HCl is a gas while HF is a low boiling (a) They are more reactive than halogens
liquid. This is because (b) They are quite unstable but none of them is explosive
(a) H- F bond is covalent (b) H- F bond is ionic (c) They are covalent in nature
(c) HF has metallic bond (d) HF has hydrogen bond (d) They have low boiling points and are highly volatile.
153. The bleaching action of chlorine is due to 165. The hybridization in ICl7 is
(a) reduction (b) hydrogenation (a) sp3 d 3 (b) d2 sp 3
3
(c) sp d (d) sp3
(c) chlorination (d) oxidation
352

166. In which of the following reactions chlorine is both reduced 180. The noble gas which was discovered first in the sun and
and oxidized? then on the earth
(a) 2KMnO4 + 16HCl¾¾ ® 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 8H2O + 5Cl2 (a) argon (b) xenon
(b) 6NaOH + 3Cl2 ¾¾ ® 5NaCl + NaClO3 + 3H2O (c) neon (d) helium
(c) NH3 + 3Cl2 ¾¾ ® NCl3 + 3HCl 181. A radioactive element X decays to give two inert gases X is
(d) I2 + 6H2O + 5Cl2 ¾¾ ® 2HIO3 + 10HCl (a) 238 (b) 226
92 U 88 Ra
167. Which of the following is observed when Cl2 reacts with (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a) nor (b)
hot and concentrated NaOH? 182. Which of the following noble gases has the highest positive
(a) NaCl , NaOCl (b) NaCl , NaClO2 electron gain enthalpy value?
(c) NaCl , NaClO3 (d) NaOCl , NaClO3 (a) Helium (b) Krypton
168. Which one of the following noble gases is not found in the (c) Argon (d) Neon
atmosphere
183. Which inert gas show abnormal behaviour on liquefaction
(a) Rn (b) Kr
(a) Xe (b) He
(c) Ne (d) Ar
(c) Ar (d) Kr
169. The last member of the family of inert gases is
184. The ease of liquefaction of noble gases increases in the
(a) argon (b) radon
order
(c) xenon (d) neon
(a) He < Ne < Ar < Kr < Xe
170. Which of the following is the correct sequence of the noble
(b) Xe < Kr < Ne < Ar < He
gases in their group in the periodic table?
(c) Kr < Xe < He < Ne < Ar
(a) Ar, He, Kr, Ne, Rn, Xe (b) He, Ar, Ne, Kr, Xe, Rn
(c) He, Ne, Kr, Ar, Xe, Rn (d) He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn (d) Ar < Kr < Xe < Ne < He
171. Which of the following noble gases do not have an octet 185. The correct order of solubility in water for He, Ne, Ar, Kr,
of electrons in its outermost shell? Xe is
(a) Neon (b) Radon (a) He > Ne > Ar > Kr > Xe
(c) Argon (d) Helium (b) Ne > Ar > Kr > He > Xe
172. Number of unpaired electrons in inert gas is (c) Xe > Kr > Ar > Ne > He
(a) zero (b) 8 (d) Ar > Ne > He > Kr > Xe
(c) 4 (d) 18 186. Which one of the following elements is most reactive ?
173. In the following four elements, the ionisation potential of (a) He (b) Ne
which one is the highest ? (c) Ar (d) Xe
(a) Oxygen (b) Argon 187. Noble gases are group of elements which exhibit very
(c) Barium (d) Cesium (a) high chemical activity
174. Gradual addition of electronic shells in the noble gases (b) low chemical activity
causes a decrease in their (c) minimum electronegativity
(a) ionisation energy (b) atomic radius (d) much paramagnetic properties
(c) boiling point (d) density 188. In XeF2, XeF4, XeF6 the number of lone pairs on Xe are
175. Which of the following noble gas is least polarisable? respectively
(a) He (b) Xe (a) 2, 3, 1 (b) 1, 2, 3
(c) Ar (d) Ne (c) 4, 1, 2 (d) 3, 2, 1.
176. In which of the following groups, when He is placed, its all 189. Total number of lone pair of electrons in XeOF4 is
the properties are satisfied (a) 0 (b) 1
(a) with alkali metals (b) with halogens (c) 2 (d) 3
(c) with inert gases (d) None of these 190. Noble gases do not react with other elements because
177. The most abundant inert gas in the atmosphere is (a) they have completely filled valence shell (ns2np6)
(a) He (b) Ne (b) the sizes of their atoms are very small
(c) Ar (d) Kr (c) they are not found in abundance
178. The lowest boiling point of helium is due to its (d) they are monoatomic
(a) inertness 191. Which one of the following reactions of xenon compounds
(b) gaseous nature is not feasible?
(c) high polarisability (a) 3XeF4 + 6H 2 O ¾¾ ® 2Xe + XeO 3 +12HF +1.5O 2
(d) weak van der Waal’s forces between atoms (b) 2XeF2 + 2H 2 O ¾¾ ® 2Xe + 4HF + O 2
179. Which of the noble gas has highest polarisability?
(a) He (b) Ar (c) XeF6 + RbF ¾¾
® Rb[XeF7 ]
(c) Kr (d) Xe (d) XeO3 + 6HF ¾¾® XeF6 + 3H 2 O
 353

192. Which of the following has maximum number of lone pairs 207. Which statement about noble gases is not correct?
associated with Xe ? (a) Xe forms XeF6
(a) XeF4 (b) XeF6 (b) Ar is used in electric bulbs
(c) XeF2 (d) XeO3 (c) Kr is obtained during radioactive disintegration
193. The shape of XeO2F2 molecule is (d) He has the lowest b.pt among all the noble gases
(a) trigonal bipyramidal (b) square planar 208. The geometry of XeF6 is
(c) tetrahedral (d) see-saw (a) planar hexagon (b) regular octahedron
194. XeF4 on partial hydrolysis produces (c) distorted octahedron (d) square bipyramid
(a) XeF4 (b) XeOF2 209. Trigonal bipyramidal geometry is shown by :
(c) XeOF4 (d) XeO3 (a) XeO3F2 (b) XeO3F2
(c) FXeOSO2F (d) [XeF8]2–
195. Which element out of He, Ar, Kr and Xe forms least number
210. Which has trigonal bipyramidal shape ?
of compounds ?
(a) XeOF4 (b) XeO3
(a) He (b) Ar
(c) XeO3F2 (d) XeOF2
(c) Kr (d) Xe
211. Argon is used
196. The element which has not yet been reacted with F2 is
(a) in filling airships
(a) Ar (b) Xe (b) to obtain low temperature
(c) Kr (d) Rn (c) in high temperature welding
197. XeF6 on complete hydrolysis gives (d) in radiotherapy for treatment of cancer
(a) Xe (b) XeO2 212. Noble gases are used in discharge tubes to gives different
(c) XeO3 (d) XeO4 colours. Reddish orange glow is due to
198. XeF4 involves which hybridization (a) Ar (b) Ne
(a) sp (b) sp 2 (c) Xe (d) Kr
(c) sp d2 (d) sp 3 d 2 213. Which one of the following statements regarding helium is
199. Shape of XeOF4 is incorrect ?
(a) octahedral (b) square pyramidal (a) It is used to produce an d sustain powerful
(c) pyramidal (d) T-shaped superconducting magnets.
200. The hybridization of Xe in XeF2 is (b) It is used as a cryogenic agent for carrying out
(a) sp 3 (b) sp 2 experiments at low temperatures.
(c) sp d3 (d) sp 2 d (c) It is used to fill gas balloons instead of hydrogen
201. Which is a planar molecule ? because it is lighter and non-inflammable.
(a) XeO4 (b) XeF4 (d) It is used in gas-cooled nuclear reactors.
(c) XeOF4 (d) XeO2F2 214. The coloured discharge tubes for advertisement mainly
202. Which of the following has sp3 hybridization ? contain
(a) XeO3 (b) BCl3 (a) xenon (b) helium
(c) neon (d) argon
(c) XeF4 (d) BBr3
215. Sea divers go deep in the sea water with a mixture of which
203. The number of lone pair of electrons present on Xe in XeF 2
of the following gases
is
(a) O2 and He (b) O2 and Ar
(a) 3 (b) 4
(c) O2 and CO2 (d) CO2 and Ar
(c) 2 (d) 1 216. Which of the following is the life saving mixture for an
204. Hybridization and structure of XeF4 is asthma patient ?
(a) sp3d, trigonal bipyramidal (a) Mixture of helium and oxygen
(b) sp3, tetrahedral (b) Mixture of neon and oxygen
(c) sp3d2, square planar (c) Mixture of xenon and nitrogen
(d) sp3d2, hexagonal (d) Mixture of argon and oxygen
205. Number of lon e pairs of electrons on Xe atoms 217. Which of the following statements are true?
XeF2, XeF4 and XeF6 molecules are respectively (i) Only type of interactions between particles of noble
(a) 3, 2 and 1 (b) 4, 3 and 2 gases are due to weak dispersion forces.
(c) 2, 3 and 1 (d) 3, 2 and 0 (ii) Ionisation enthalpy of molecular oxygen is very close
206. Which one of the following is correct pair with respect to to that of xenon.
molecular formula of xenon compound and hybridization (iii) Hydrolysis of XeF6 is redox reaction.
state of Xenon in it? (iv) Xenon fluorides are not reactive.
(a) XeF4, sp3 (b) XeF2, sp (a) (i) and (iii) (b) (i) and (ii)
(c) XeF2, sp d3 (d) XeF4, sp2 (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (iii) and (iv)
354

218. Which of the following element has the property of diffusing (iii) All hydrides of oxygen family possess reducing
through most commonly used laboratory materials such as property which increases from H2S to H2Te.
rubber, glass or plastics. (iv) Among hexahalides of group 16 hexafluorides are the
(a) Xe (b) Rn onlys table halides.
(c) He (d) Ar (v) Dimeric monohalides of group 16 un dergo
219. Which of the following is used to produce and sustain disproportionation.
powerful superconducting magnets to form an essential (a) TFFTT (b) FTTFF
part of NMR spectrometer ? (c) FTFTF (d) TFTFT
(a) Ar (b) Ne 224. The correct statement(s) about O3 is(are)
(c) Rn (d) He (i) O—O bond lengths are equal
(ii) Thermal decomposition of O3 is endothermic
STATEMENT TYPE QUESTIONS (iii) O3 is diamagnetic in nature
220. Which of the following statements are correct? (iv) O3 has a bent structure
(i) Arsenic and antimony are metalloids. (a) (i) and (iii) (b) (ii) and (iii)
(ii) Phosphorus, arsenic and antimony are found mainly (c) (i), (ii) and (iv) (d) (i) and (iv)
as sulphide minerals. 225. Consider the following statements
(iii) Covalent redii increases equally from N to Bi.
(iv) Elements of group 15 have extra stability and higher (i) Reaction 2Fe3+ + SO2 + 2H2O ® 2Fe2+ + SO24 - + 4H+
ionisation energy due to exactly half filled ns2np3 shows reducing character of sulphur dioxide
electronic configuration. (ii) H2S2O8 contains four S = O, two S – OH and one O–
(v) In group 15 elements only nitrogen is gas whereas all O bond
others are solids. (iii) NH3 gas can be dried effectively by using conc.
(a) (i), (iv) and (v) (b) (ii), (iii) and (iv) H2SO4.
(c) (i), (ii) and (iii) (d) (ii), (iii) and (v) (iv) One of the major use of H2SO4 is in the manufacture
221. Read the following statements regarding chemical reactivity of fertilizers.
of group 15 elements. Which of the following is the correct code for the statements
(i) Only compound of Bi with +5 oxidation state is BiF5. above?
(ii) Intermediate oxidation states for both nitrogen and (a) TTFF (b) TTFT
phosphorus disproportionate in both acid and alkali. (c) FTFT (d) TFFT
(iii) Nitrogen due to absence of d-orbitals in its valence
226. Which of the following statements regarding properties of
shell cannot form dp -pp bond as the heavier elements
halogens are correct?
thus R3P = O exists but R3N = O does not exists.
(i) Due to small size electron gain enthalpy of fluorine is
(iv) BiH3 is the strongest reducing agent amongst the
less than that of chlorine.
hydrides of nitrogen family.
(v) P2O3 is more acidic than P2O5. (ii) Iodine has same physical state but different colour as
Which of the following is the correct code for the statements compare to other members of the group.
above? (iii) Fluorine shows no positive oxidation state.
(a) FTFFT (b) FFTTF (iv) In X2(g) + H2O(l) ¾¾ ® HX(aq) + HOX(aq)
(c) TFTTF (d) TFTFT (where X2 = Cl or Br)
222. Which of the following statements are correct? (a) (i), (ii) and (iv) (b) (i), (iii) and (iv)
(i) All the three N—O bond lengths in HNO3 are equal. (c) (ii), (iii) and (iv) (d) (iii) and (iv)
(ii) All P—Cl bond lengths in PCl5 molecule in gaseous 227. Consider the following statements regarding interhalogen
state are equal. compounds
(iii) P4 molecule in white phohsphorus have angular strain (i) For all types of interhalogen compounds

(XX1, XX13 , XX15 and XX17 )

therefore white phosphorus is very reactive.
(iv) PCl5 is ionic in solid state in which cation is tetrahedral X is the halogen of
and anion is octahedral. lesser electronegativity in comparison to X1.
(a) (i) and (iv) (b) (iii) and (iv) (ii) At 298 K all interhalogen compounds are either
(c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (ii) only
volatile solids or liquids.
223. Which of the following is the correct code for statements
(iii) ClF undergoes hydrolysis as below,
below ?
(i) Due to small size oxygen has less negative electron ClF + H2O ¾¾ ® HF + HOCl
gain enthalpy than sulphur. (iv) Fluorine containing interhalogen compounds are very
(ii) Oxygen shows only –2 oxidation state whereas S, Se useful as fluorinating agents.
and Te shows +4 O.S in their compounds with oxygen (a) TTFF (b) TFTT
and +6 with fluorine. (c) FTFT (d) TFFT
 355

228. Which of the following statements are correct? 232. Match the columns.
(i) Among halogens, radius ratio between iodine and Column-I Column-II
fluorine is maximum. (Oxyacid) (Materials for
(ii) Leaving F—F bond, all halogens have weaker X—X preparation)
bond than X—X¢ bond in interhalogens. (A) H3PO2 (p) Red P + alkali
(iii) Among interhalogen compounds maximum number of (B) H3PO3 (q) P4O10 + H2O
atoms are present in iodine fluoride.
(C) H3PO4 (r) P2O3 + H2O
(iv) Interhalogen compounds are more reactive than
(D) H4P2O6 (s) White P + alkali
halogen compounds.
(a) (A) – (s), (B) – (r), (C) – (q), (D) – (p)
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (i), (iii) and (iv) (b) (A) – (p), (B) – (r), (C) – (q), (D) – (s)
229. Which of the following statements are correct? (c) (A) – (s), (B) – (r), (C) – (p), (D) – (q)
(i) Natural abundance of noble gases is ~ 1% by volume (d) (A) – (q), (B) – (r), (C) – (p), (D) – (s)
of which Ar is the major constituent. 233. Match the columns
(ii) Noble gases have high positive values of electron Column - I Column - II
gain enthalpy. (A) POCl3 (p) Contains four P – OH
(iii) Preparation of XeF2 requires F2 in excess amount. two P = O and one
(iv) Complete hydrolysis of all three XeF2, XeF4 and XeF6 P–O–P
gives Xe as one of product. (B) H4P2O5 (q) Yellowish white
(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (ii) and (iv)
chloride of phosphorus
(c) (i) and (ii) (d) (ii) and (iii)
reacts with moist air
MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS (C) H4P2O6 (r) Contains four P – OH,
two P = O and one P – P
230. Match the columns bond
Column-I Column-II
(D) H4P2O7 (s) Colourless oily chloride
(A) 2Pb(NO3)2 673K (p) High pressure favours of phosphorus reacts
¾ ¾ ¾ ®

4NO2 + 2PbO + O2 the formation of with orthophosphoric

product acid
(B) N2(g) + O2(g) ƒ (q) Product formed is acidic (a) A – (q), B – (s), C – (p), D – (r)
2NO(g) brown gas (b) A – (s), B – (q), C – (r), D – (p)
(c) A – (q), B – (s), C – (r), D – (p)
(C) NH4NO3 ¾¾ D (r) This reaction occurs at
® (d) A – (q), B – (r), C – (s), D – (p)
N2O + 2H2O a high temperature 234. Match the columns
about 2000 K Column - I Column - II
(D) N2(g) + 3H2(g) ƒ (s) Product formed is a (A) Metal that shows no (p) Platinum
2NH3(g) neutral colourless gas reaction with dioxygen
(a) A – (r, s), B – (q), C – (s), D – (p) (B) Metal forms strong (q) Nitrogen
(b) A – (q), B – (r,s), C – (s), D – (p) acidic oxide with oxygen
(c) A – (q), B – (s), C – (r, s), D – (p) (C) A non-metal discharge (r) Manganese
(d) A – (q), B – (r, s), C – (p), D – (s)
of whose oxide might
231. Match the columns
be slowly depleting the
Column - I Column - II
concentration of the
(A) Used in manufacture (p) Ammonia
of calcium cyanamide ozone layer
(B) Used in manufacture (q) Nitric acid (D) Metal which forms (s) Aluminium
of nitric acid amphoteric oxide
(C) Used in pickling of (r) Dinitrogen (a) A – (p), B – (r), C – (q), D – (s)
stainless steel (b) A – (r), B – (p), C – (q), D – (s)
(a) A – (r), B – (p), C – (q) (b) A – (p), B – (r), C – (q) (c) A – (p), B – (q), C – (r), D – (s)
(c) A – (r), B – (q), C – (p) (d) A – (q), B – (p), C – (r) (d) A – (p), B – (r), C – (s), D – (q)
356

235. Match the columns. (a) A – (p), B – (r, s), C – (p, q), D – (p, s)
Column-I Column-II (b) A – (r, s), B – (p), C – (r, s), D – (p, s)
(A) Pb3O4 (p) Neutral oxide (c) A – (p), B – (p, q), C – (r, s), D – (p, s)
(B) N2O (q) Acidic oxide (d) A – (p), B – (r, s), C – (p, s), D – (p, q)
(C) Mn 2O7 (r) Basic oxide 240. Match the columns.
(D) Bi2O3 (s) Mixed oxide Column-I Column-II
(a) A – (p), B – (q), C – (r), D – (s) (A) Partial hydrolysis of the (p) He
(b) A – (s), B – (p), C – (q), D – (r) compound does not change
(c) A – (r), B – (q), C – (s), D – (p) oxidation state of central atom
(d) A – (s), B – (r), C – (p), D – (q) (B) It is used in modern diving (q) XeF6
236. Match the columns. apparatus
Column-I Column-II (C) It is used to provide inert (r) XeF4
(A) SF4 (p) Tetrahedral atmosphere for filling electrical
(B) BrF3 (q) Pyramidal bulbs
(C) BrO3– (r) Sea-saw shaped (D) Its central atom is in sp3d2 (s) Ar
(D) NH4+ (s) Bent T-shaped hybridisation
(a) A – (r), B – (q), C – (p), D – (s) (a) A – (p), B – (s), C – (p), D – (r)
(b) A – (r), B – (s), C – (q), D – (p) (b) A – (p), B – (q), C – (r), D – (s)
(c) A – (p), B – (q), C – (r), D – (s) (c) A – (q), B – (p), C – (s), D – (r)
(d) A – (p), B – (s), C – (r), D – (q) (d) A – (p), B – (r), C – (q), D – (s)
237. Match the columns
241. Match the columns.
Column - I Column - II
Column-I Column-II
(A) HClO2 (p) Contains all different
(A) XeF6 (p) sp3d3– distorted octahedral
bonds
(B) XeO3 (q) sp3d2 – square planar
(B) HClO3 (q) Contains maximum
(C) XeOF4 (r) sp3 – pyramidal
Cl = O bond
(D) XeF4 (s) sp3d2 – square pyramidal
(C) HClO (r) Contains Cl with lowest
O.S. (a) A – (p), B – (r), C – (s), D – (q)
(D) HClO4 (s) Contains three types of (b) A – (p), B – (q), C – (s), D – (r)
bonds (c) A – (s), B – (r), C – (p), D – (q)
(a) A – (s), B – (p, s), C – (p, r), D – (q, s) (d) A – (s), B – (p), C – (q), D – (s)
(b) A – (p, s), B – (s), C – (p, r), D – (q, s)
ASSERTION-REASON TYPE QUESTIONS
(c) A – (s), B – (p, r), C – (p, s), D – (q, s)
(d) A – (p, s), B – (s), C – (q, s), D – (p, r) Directions : Each of these questions contain two statements,
238. Match the columns. Assertion and Reason. Each of these questions also has four
Column - I Column - II alternative choices, only one of which is the correct answer. You
(Oxides of halogens) (Uses) have to select one of the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below.
(A) O2F2 (p) in water treatment (a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a correct
(B) ClO2 (q) in estimation of CO explanation for assertion.
(C) I2O5 (r) for removing plutonium (b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not a
from spent nuclear fuel. correct explanation for assertion
(a) A – (q) , B – (p), C – (r) (c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect
(b) A – (r), B – (p), C – (q) (d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.
(c) A – (p), B – (r), C – (q) 242. Assertion : Dinitrogen is inert at room temperature.
(d) A – (r), B – (q), C – (p) Reason : Dinitrogen directly combines with lithium to form
239. Match the columns ionic nitrides.
Column - I Column - II 243. Assertion : N2 is less reactive than P4.
(A) XeF4 (p) Contains similar types Reason : Nitrogen has more electron gain enthalpy than
of bonds phosphorus.
(B) XeOF4 (q) Contains maximum lone 244. Assertion : When a metal is treated with conc. HNO3 it
pair generally yields a nitrate, NO2 and H2O.
(C) XeF2 (r) Square pyramidal Reason : Conc. HNO3 reacts with metal and first produces
geometry a metal nitrate and nascent hydrogen. The nascent hydrogen
(D) XeO3 (s) Contains one lone pair then further reduces HNO3 to NO2.
 357

245. Assertion : White phosphorus is more reactive than red 256. What is the change observed when AgCl reacts with NH3?
phosphorus. (a) White ppt is formed
Reason : Red phosphorus consists of P4 tetrahedral units (b) Solution become colourless
linked to one another to form linear chains. (c) Yellow ppt is formed
246. Assertion : Bond angle of H2S is smaller than H2O. (d) No change is observed
Reason : Electronegativity of the central atom increases, 257. In which of the following equations the product formed
bond angle decreases. has similar oxidation state for nitrogen?
247. Assertion : Both rhombic and monoclinic sulphur exist as D
(i) NH4NO3 ¾¾ ® N2O + 2H2O
S8 but oxygen exists as O2.
Reason : Oxfygen forms pp – pp multiple bond due to small 673K
(ii) 2Pb(NO3)2 ¾¾¾® 4NO2 + 2PbO + O2
size and small bond length but pp – pp bonding is not
possible in sulphur. (iii) 4HNO3 + P4O10 ¾¾
® 4HPO3 + 2N2O5
248. Assertion : SF6 cannot be hydrolysed but SF4 can be.
Cool
Reason : Six F atoms in SF6 prevent the attack of H2O on ˆˆˆˆ† N O
(iv) 2NO2 ‡ˆˆˆˆ
sulphur atom of SF6. 2 4
Heat
(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (ii) and (iv)
CRITICAL THINKING TYPE QUESTIONS
(c) (i) and (v) (d) (iii) and (iv)
249. In nitrogen family, the H-M-H bond angle in the hydrides 258. What is Z in following reaction
gradually becomes closer to 90º on going from N to Sb. This CuSO4 + Z ® Cu3P2 +H2SO4
shows that gradually HgCl2 + Z ® Hg3P2 +HCl
(a) The basic strength of the hydrides increases (a) White phosphorus (b) Red phosphorus
(b) Almost pure p-orbitals are used for M-H bonding (c) Phosphine (d) Orthophosphoric acid
(c) The bond energies of M-H bonds increase 259. Electronegativity of oxygen is more than sulphur yet H2S is
(d) The bond pairs of electrons become nearer to the acidic while water is neutral. This is because
central atom (a) water is highly associated compound
250. Bond dissociation enthalpy of E—H (E = element) bonds is (b) molecular mass of H2S is more than H2O
given below. Which of the compounds will act as strongest (c) H2S is gas while H2O is a liquid
reducing agent? (d) H–S bond is weaker than H–O bond
Compound NH3 PH3 AsH3 SbH3 260. It is possible to obtain oxygen from air by fractional
D (E—H)/kJ mol–1 389 322 297 255 distillation because
diss
(a) NH3 (b) PH3 (a) oxygen is in a different group of the periodic table
(c) AsH3 (d) SbH3 from nitrogen
251. The deep blue colour produced on adding excess of (b) oxygen is more reactive than nitrogen
ammonia to copper sulphate is due to presence of (c) oxygen has higher b.p. than nitrogen
(d) oxygen has a lower density than nitrogen.
(a) Cu 2 +
(b) Cu ( NH 3 ) 24 +

261. Which of the following structures is the most preferred and

(c) Cu ( NH 3 ) 26 + (d) Cu( NH3 ) 22 + hence of lowest energy for SO3 ?

252. Blue solid which is obtained on reacting equimolar amounts O

of two gases at 2 4 5 K is? S
S
(a) N2O (b) N2O3 (a) (b) O O
O O
(c) N2O4 (d) N2O5
253. Concentrated nitric acid, upon long standing, turns yellow
brown due to the formation of O O
(a) NO (b) NO2 S S
(c) N2O (d) N2O4 (c) (d)
254. In the reaction O O O O O
4HNO 3 + P4 O10 ® 4HPO 3 + X , the product X is 262. Which one of the following arrangements does not give
(a) N2O5 (b) N2O3 the correct picture of the trends indicated against it ?
(c) NO2 (d) H2O (i) F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2 : Oxidizing power
255. Ammonia on catalytic oxidation gives an oxide from which (ii) F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2 : Electron gain enthalpy
nitric acid is obtained. The oxide is : (iii) F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2 : Bond dissociation energy
(iv) F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2 : Electronegativity.
(a) N 2 O3 (b) NO
(a) (ii) and (iv) (b) (i) and (iii)
(c) NO 2 (d) N 2 O5 (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
358

263. The correct order of the thermal stability of hydrogen halides 268. Which pair gives Cl 2 at room temperature :
(H–X) is
(a) HI > HCl < HF > HBr (b) HCl< HF > HBr < HI (a) NaCl + Conc. H 2SO 4 (b) Conc. HCl + KMnO4
(c) HF > HCl > HBr > HI (d) HI < HBr > HCl < HF
264. In the case of alkali metals, the covalent character decreases (c) NaCl + Conc. HNO 3 (d) NaCl + MnO2
in the order: 269. The elements which occupy the peaks of ionisation energy
(a) MF > MCl > MBr > MI (b) MF > MCl > MI > MBr curve are
(c) MI > MBr > MCl > MF (d) MCl > MI > MBr > MF
(a) Na, K, Rb, Cs (b) Na, Mg, Cl, I
265. Which of the following order is/are incorrect regarding the
property indicated against it? (c) Cl, Br, I, F (d) He, Ne, Ar, Kr
(i) HF > HI > HBr > HCl : Thermal stability 270. End-product of the hydrolysis of XeF6 is
(ii) Cl2O7 > Cl2O6 > ClO2 > Cl2O : Acidic character (a) XeF4O (b) XeF2O2
(iii) SbCl3 > SbCl5 : Covalent character (c) XeO3 (d) XeO3 –
(iv) MCl > MBr : Ionic character
271. The formation of O2+[PtF6]– is the basis for the formation of
(a) (iii) only (b) (ii) only
xenon fluorides. This is because
(c) (i) and (iii) (d) (ii) and (iv)
266. What is X and Y in the given reactions ? (a) O2 and Xe have comparable sizes
2X2 (g) + 2H2O (l) ® 4H+ (aq) + 4X– (aq) + O2 (g) (b) both O2 and Xe are gases
Y2 (g) + H2O (l) ® HY(aq) + HOY(aq) (c) O2 and Xe have comparable ionisation energies
(a) X = Cl , Y = F (b) X = Cl , Y = Br (d) Both (a) and (c)
(c) X = F , Y = Cl (d) X = I , Y = F
272. What are the products formed in the reaction of xenon
267. Which of the following is correct about the reaction?
hexafluoride with silicon dioxide ?
heat
3NaClO ¾ ¾ ¾
® NaClO3 + 2NaCl (a) XeSiO4 + HF (b) XeF2 + SiF4
(a) It is disproportionation reaction (c) XeOF4 + SiF4 (d) XeO3 + SiF2
(b) Oxidation number of Cl decreases as well as increases 273. XeO4 molecule is tetrahedral having :
in this reaction
(a) Two pp – dp bonds (b) One pp – dp bonds
(c) This reaction is used for the manufacture of halates
(d) All of these (c) Four pp – dp bonds (d) Three pp – dp bonds
 359

FACT / DEFINITION TYPE QUESTIONS 20. (d) Bi forms basic oxides whereas N and P form acidic and
As and Sb form amphoteric oxides.
1. (d) Ionic radii increases down the group 21. (b) The basic character decreases from NH3 to BiH3. The
2. (b) In case of nitrogen, d-orbitals are not available. basic nature is due to the presence of lone pair of
3. (a) Collectively these elements are called pnicogens and electrons on the central atom. NH3 is the strongest
their compound pniconides. electron pair donor due to its small size as the electron
4. (d) Metallic character increases down the group, Bi is density of the electron pair is concentrated over a small
most metallic region. As the size increases the electron density gets
5. (b) The melting point in group 15 increases upto arsenic diffused over a large region and hence the ability to
and then decreases upto bismuth. donate the electron pair (basic nature) decreases.
6. (d) Bismuth forms metallic bonds in elemental state. 22. (a) NCl5 in not possible because N does not contain
7. (a) –3, +3, +5 d-orbitals.
8. (d) N2 molecule contains triple bond between N atoms
Only nitrogen has a tendency to form pp – pp multiple
having very high dissociation energy (946 kJ mol–1)
due to which it is relatively inactive. bonds. Other forms dp – pp multiple bonds easily..
9. (a) Nitrogen due to small size is able to show pp -pp lateral 23. (c) 24. (b)
overlap forming N º N, rest elements due to bigger size
Heat
are not able to show pp -pp lateral overlap. 25. (d) NH 4 Cl + NaNO 2 ¾¾¾¾
® NH 4 NO 2
- NaCl
10. (c) Catenation tendency is higher in phosphorus when
Heat
compared with other elements of same group. ¾ ¾¾ ® N 2 + 2H 2O.
11. (c) Nitrogen form N2 (i.e. N º N) but phosphorus form 26. (a)
P4, because in P2, p — p bonding is present which
is a weaker bonding.
p p
27. (b) In Haber’s process for manufacture of NH3, finely
12. (d) The cause of inert nature of N2 is the presence of divided iron is used as catalyst and molybdenum is
.. .. used as catalytic promoter
triple bond N º N Fe + Mo
13. (b) N2 ( g ) + 3H2 ( g ) ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾®
800K, High P
2NH 3 ( g )
14. (b) Phosphorous can achieve coordination number 5 due
28. (d) N2H4 and NH4Cl are obtained by reaction of ammonia
to vacant d atomic orbitals in valence shell which is
with hypochlorite anion.
not possible in nitrogen
15. (b) The order of boiling points of the group 15 hydrides 3NH 3 + NaOCl ¾¾ ® N 2 H 4 + NH 4 Cl + NaOH
is : BiH3 > SbH3 > NH3 > AsH3 > PH3 29. (a) HNO3 and CuSO4 are not drying agents, while P2O5
16. (a) Oxide in which central atom has higher charge and reacts with NH3. The moisture present in NH3 is
more electronegativity is more acidic, i.e. removed by passing it through a tower packed with
N2O5 > N2O4 > P2O5 > As2O3. quicklime (CaO).
17. (a) Order of dipole moment 30. (b) Ammonia has pyramidal shape with sp3 hybridisation.
NH3 > PH3 > AsH3 > SbH3
31. (b) 3CuO + 2 NH 3 ® 3Cu + 3H 2 O + N 2 ,
(Based upon electronegativity)
18. (c) As the size of central atom increases the lone pair of O.S. of N in NH3 is –3 and in N2 is zero. Hence loss of
electrons occupies a larger volume. In other words 3 electrons
electron density on the central atom decreases and 32. (b) NH3 is not used as anaesthetic
consequently its tendency to donate a pair of electrons 33. (b) Liquid ammonia has high vapour pressure which is
decreases along with basic character from NH3 to
lowered down by cooling, otherwise the liquid will
BiH3.
bump.
19. (a) NF 5 does not exist because N does not form
pentahalides due to the absence of d-orbital in its 34. (c) By Haber’s process
valence shell. While P, As and Sb form pentahalides of 35. (a) Only nitrates of heavy metals and lithium decompose
the general formula MX5 (where, M = P, As and Sb) on heating to produce NO2.
due to the presence of vacant d-orbitals in their 36. (d) N2O3, N2O4 and N2O5 are acidic oxides. Only N2O is
respective valence shell. neutral oxide.
360

56. (b) White phosphorous is most reactive

O O
57. (b) White phosphorous is P4 and tetrahedral
37. (b) N–O–N 58. (a) Except (a) all other properties are shown by white
phosphorous.
O O 59. (b) White phosphorus on heating readily catches fire in
The structure clearly shows the presence of covalent air to give dense white fumes of P4O10.
and co-ordinate bonds. P4 + 5O2 ¾¾
38. (d) NO2 is reddish brown coloured gas. Rest of the oxides ® P4O10.
are colourless. 60. (c) Monoclinic sulphur is stable above 369 K.
39. (c) Compound O.S. of N 61. (c) Ca3P2 + 6H2O ® 3Ca(OH)2 + 2PH3 ; i.e 2 moles of
N2O +1 phosphine are produced from one mole of calcium
phosphide.
NO +2
NO2 +4 62. (d) PH3 is covalent hydride
NO3– +5 63. (b) Red P does not react with NaOH to give PH3.
NH4 + –3 64. (d) PH3 is not obtained when metaphosphoric acid is
Therefore increasing order of oxidation state of N is: heated.
65. (a) The combustibility of PH3 is due to presence of P2H4.
NH 4 < N2O < NO < NO2 < NO3 .
+ -
The pure PH3 is not combustible.
40. (c) In N2O (nitrous oxide) two N atoms are covalently 600° C
bonded through triple bond 66. (d) 2H 3 PO 4 ¾ ¾ ¾
¾ ® 2 HPO 3
- 2H 2O
[ N º N ¾¾® O ]
41. (b) FeSO 4 + NO ® FeSO 4 .NO 67. (d) P2 O 5 + 3H 2 O ¾ ¾
D
® 2 H 3 PO 4
42. (b) 68. (b) Orthophosphoric acid, H 3PO 4 contains three P – OH
43. (a) N2O is used as anaesthetic bonds and is therefore, tribasic.
44. (c) 2NO + O 2 ® 2 NO 2 brown O
||
45. (b) Phosphorus from stable P4 molecule.
P
| OH

|
Pt. gauge
46. (a) 4NH 3 + 5O 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾¾ ® 4NO + 6H 2 O OH
47. (b) The slow decomposition of HNO3 is represented by orthophosphoric acid
the eqn. 69. (b) PCl3 + H2O ¾¾® POCl3 + 2HCl
4HNO3 ® 4NO2 + 2H2O + O2 POCl3 + 3H2O ¾¾® H3PO4 + 3HCl
(yellow-brown)
70. (c) H 3PO 2 is named as hypophosphorous acid. It is
48. (d) For nitrogen, only NF3 is known to be stable.
monobasic as it contains only one P – OH bond, its
49. (a) 8NH3 + 3Cl2 ¾¾ ® 6NH 4Cl + N 2
basicity is one.
(excess)
NH3 + 3Cl 2 ¾ ¾® NCl3 + 3HCl O
||
( excess )
P
H | OH
|

50. (c) BiH3 is the strongest reducing agent while NH3 is the
weakest reducing agent. H
51. (d) The oxides of the type E 2 O 3 of nitrogen and 71. (a) We know that empirical formula of hypophosphorus
phosphorus are purely acidic. acid is H3PO2. In this only one ionisable hydrogen
52. (d) NH3 is not used in the pickling of stainless steel. atom is present i.e. it is monobasic. Therefore option
O (a) is correct structural formula of it.
O
=

53. (d) NºN®O N–N = O

=

(i) (ii) O ||
O O P
O O
=

N–N ® N–O–N ® O O
®

O
=

O O O 72. (d)
(iii) (iv) O
O P P O
||

54. (d) 4 Zn + 10 HNO3 (dil.) ® 4 Zn(NO3)2 + 5H2O + N2O

||

Zn + 4 HNO3 (conc.) ® Zn(NO3)2 + 2H2O + 2NO2 O

O P
55. (a) Both white and red phosphorus are not soluble in CS2
|| O
only white phosphorus is soluble in CS2.
O
 361

73. (c) Structure of hypophosphorous acid O

O
H
| P
H- O- P® O (b) (c) HO P O
| HO H
HPO3
H H
H3PO2
Two H-atoms are attached to P atom.
74. (c) In cyclic metaphosporic acid number of P–O–P bonds O O
is three.
O OH (d) P (e) P
P HO OH H OH
O O
O OH OH
O
P P H 3PO 4 H3PO3
O OH
HO The H–atom of the –OH group is ionisable whereas
75. (d) H–atom which is directly linked to P–atom is non-
76. (b) O ionisable. Thus H3PO3 is dibasic acid.
85. (a) Pyrophosphorous acid (H4P2O5) is a dibasic acid as it
bridging P bridging contains two P—OH bonds.
O
O O
O
O
H—P—O—P—H
P O
OH OH
O P
O 86. (b) Formula of cyclotrimetaphosphoric acid is (HPO3)3
O P O Oxidation state of ‘P’ is 3(+ 1 + x + 3 (– 2)) = 0
bridging
O bridging x+ –6+1 =0 Þ x= +5
oxygen
87. (a) O O

O HO — P — P — OH
HO OH
77. (b) H P H Hypophosphorous acid (H3PO2) is a Hypophosphoric acid
O
OH OH
H

monobasic acid. i.e., it has only one ionisable hydrogen O P O P O

atom or one OH is present. OH OH
1 3 Pyrophosphoric acid
78. (c) Hybridisation in PCl5 = ( 5 + 5 + 0 - 0 ) = 5 sp d
2
HO O OH
79. (c) H5P5O15 (HPO3)5. It is metaphosphoric acid which is P P
a cyclic phosphate. O O O
80. (b) H4P2O5 is pyrophosphorous acid it contains P–O–P Metaphosphoric acid
bond
O
81. (c) H3PO4 is tribasic
82. (a) Hypophosphorous acid is H3PO2 in which O.S. of P HO P OH
is +1
83. (c) OH
84. (d) Structures of given oxyacids are following Orthophosphoric acid
88. (a) 89. (c) 90. (d)
O O
91. (a) Electron affinity increases from left to right in period
and decreases from top to bottom in a group but
P P
electron affinity of O is less than S due to small size.
(a) HO O OH
OH 92. (d) All exhibit polymorphism
OH
H4P2O7
93. (a)
362

94. (d) H2O is liquid but H2S is a gas. This can be attributed 120. (c) SO 2 + 2H 2 O ® H 2SO 4 + 2H . Bleaching action is
to the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding
due to reduction.
in case of H2O.
95. (b) 121. (d) Caro’s acid is H 2SO 5 which contains one S – O
96. (a) – O – H peroxy linkage. It is also known as
97. (a) H2O (due to intermolecular H - bonding) permonosulphuric acids.
98. (b) Oxygen being more electronegative
99. (a) SnO2 is an amphoteric oxide because it reacts with O
||
acids as well as with bases to form corresponding salts. H – O – O – S – OH
SnO2 + 2H2SO4(conc) ¾¾ ® Sn(SO4)2 + 2H2O ||
SnO2 + 2NaOH ¾¾ ® Na2SnO3 + H2O O
100. (d) All hexafluorides of group 16 elements are gaseous in Caro's acid
nature. 122. (d)
101. (b) Oxygen can be prepared by heating oxides of Hg, Pb,
Ag, Mn and Ba. 123. (c) Oleum is H 2S2 O 7 ( H 2SO4 + SO3 ) which is obtained
D
by dissolving SO3 in H2SO4 and is called fuming
2HgO ¾ ¾ ® 2Hg + O2 sulphuric acid.
102. (c) It is paramagnetic with two unpaired electrons 124. (c) 125. (a) 126. (c)
103. (c) Total number of electrons in O2 is 16. It has 2 unpaired 127. (c) It is H2SO5.
electrons, the rest 14 are paired.
128. (c) HO.SO 2OH + 2PCl5 ® ClSO2Cl + 2POCl3 + 2HCl
104. (b) 2KClO 3 ¾¾ ®
D
2 KCl + 3O 2 Sulphuryl chloride
105. (c) In KMnO4 manganese is already present in its highest 129. (b) 2Ag + 2H 2SO 4 ® 2H 2 O + SO 2 + Ag 2SO 4 .
possible oxidation state i.e. +7.So no further oxidation
Au, Pt does not react. Pb forms insoluble PbSO4
is possible.
130. (c)
106. (c) Ozone layer is beneficial to us, because it stops
harmful ultraviolet radiations from reaching the earth. O
||
107. (b) 2KMnO 4 ¾ ¾ ® K 2 MnO4 + 4MnO 2 + O 2
D
131. (a) H - O - S- O - H ; 6s & 2p
||
108. (d) Ozone is an allotrope of oxygen. O
109. (d) 2Ag2O (s) ® 4Ag (s) + O2 (g)
2Pb3O4 (s) ® 6PbO (s) + O2 (g) 132. (a) In H 2SO 4 , the S atom is present in its highest
2PbO2 (s) ® 2PbO (s) + O2 (g) oxidation state of +6. Hence H 2SO 4 can act an oxidant
110. (a) Mn2O7 is an acidic oxide. BaO and Na2O are basic only by gain of electrons
oxides while N2O is a neutral oxides. 133. (d) Ionisation potential decreases down the group.
111. (c) It is 8 134. (a)
112. (c) S2 is paramagnetic. It contains two unpaired electrons 135. (d) The lesser the bond energy, the weaker is the bond
in the antibonding p * orbital 136. (b) 3s2 3p5 is electronic configuration of Cl
113. (a) 2SO2(g) + O2(g) ¾ ¾
V2O5
¾ ® 2SO3(g) 137. (c) The electron gain enthalpy order for halogens is
Cl > F > Br > I
O O Due to small size of fluorine the extra electron to be
=

114. (b) O = S–O–O–S=O added feels more electron-electron repulsion.

OH OH Therefore fluorine has less value for electron affinity
than chlorine.
Peroxodisulphuric acid
138. (d)
(H2S2O8)
139. (a) Reactivity follows the order F > Cl > Br > I
115. (b) Conc. H2SO4 is a strong dehydrating agent due to
140. (d)
which carbohydrates becomes charred on reaction with
141. (b) Except ionisation potential other factors are true to
conc. H2SO4 acid.
116. (b) The key step in the manufacture of H2SO4 is catalystic explain the oxidising (strong) behaviour of F2 .
oxidation of SO2 with O2 to give SO3 in presence of 142. (b)
V2O5 . 143. (d) Fluorine exhibit -ve oxidation state
117. (a) In SO3, sp2 hybridisation 144. (a) Since F2 is most oxidising, it is easily reduced
118. (c) Cu + 2H 2SO 4 (conc) ¾¾ ® CuSO 4 + SO 2 + 2H 2O 145. (c) Chlorine shows O.S. from –1,+1 to +7, whereas others
show O.S. as Na® +1 ; K® +1 ; F® –1
119. (b) 2s , one p see structure
 363

146. (c) Fluorine always exhibit –1 oxidation state. 0 - 1 +5

0 +1 -1
166. (b) 6NaOH + 3Cl2 ¾ ¾® 5NaCl + NaCl O3 + 3H 2O
147. (b) H 2O + Br2 ¾¾
® HOBr + HBr 167. (c) 6NaOH + 3Cl2 ® 5NaCl + NaClO3 + 3H2O
Thus here oxidation number of Br increases from 0 to (hot and conc.)
+1 and also decreases from 0 to –1. Thus it is oxidised 168. (a) Rn because it is radioactive element obtained by the
as well as reduced. disintegration of radium
148. (d) Since all the halogens have a strong tendency to 226
88 Ra ®86 Rn 222 + 2 He4
accept electrons. Therefore halogens act as strong
oxidising agents and their oxidising power decreases 169. (b) Radon is the last member of family
from fluorine to iodine. 170. (d)
149. (b) On moving from top to bottom of halogen group the 171. (d) Electronic configuration of He is 1s2
bond dissociation energy of hydrogen halides 172. (a) Inert gases do not contain unpaired electrons
decreases and so the heat of formation of halogen 173. (b) Ionization potential of inert gases is highest in periodic
acids also decreases. table due to stable electronic configuration.
150. (a) HF, due to intermolecular H-bonding is weakest among 174. (a) Ionisation energy decreases as we move away from
HX acids nucleus due to less electrostatic attraction between
151. (c) Volatile character HCl > HBr >HI > HF electrons and nucleus
152. (d) Due to hydrogen bonding HF is a liquid 175. (a) The smaller the size the least is the polarisability
153. (d) Bleaching action of chlorine is due to oxidation in 176. (c) The differentiating electron enter in s subshell in case
presence of moisture. of He, hence it is s- block element. Its electronic
Cl 2 + H 2O ® HCl + HClO configuration l s2 makes it inert in nature hence it is
HClO ® HCl + O placed with inert gases.
Colouring matter + | O | ® Colourless matter 177. (c) Ar is the most abundant in atmosphere
154. (b) Cl2 + 2NaOH ® NaCl + NaClO + H2O 178. (d) Due to weak van der Waal’s forces, He has lowest
(cold & dil) boiling point
3Cl2 + 6NaOH ® 5NaCl + NaClO3 + 3H2O 179. (d) The larger the size the more is the polarisiability
(hot & conc.)
180. (d) He was observed in the spectrum of the sun
155. (a) 2NaOH + Cl2 ® NaCl + NaOCl + H 2 O
226
181. (b) 88 Ra ®
86 Rn 222 + 2 He 4 . Both are inert gases
- -
hence Cl and OCl
182. (d) Electron gain enthalpy for noble gases is positive and
156. (d) K 2 Cr2O 7 + conc.HCl ® Cl2 it becomes less positive with increase in size of atom.
157. (d) MnO2 or KMnO4 with conc HCl give Cl2. Value of electron gain enthalpy
He – 48 kJ mol–1, Ne – 116 kJ mol–1
+ 7 + 2
158. (d) 2 KMnO 4 + 16HCl ® 2 MnCl 2 + 2 KCl + 8H 2 O + 5Cl 2 Ar, Kr – 96 kJ mol–1, Xe – 77 kJ mol–1
O.S of Mn changes from +7 to +2 hence reduction Hence, Ne has highest positive electron gain enthalpy.
occurs and Cl2 is formed. 183. (b)
184. (a) As size increases, van der Waal's forces of attraction
159. (d) 6CaOCl 2 ® Ca (ClO3 ) 2 + 5CaCl 2
between n oble gas atoms also increases.
It is autooxidation. Consequently, ease of their liquefaction increases.
160. (d) HCl acid at 25º C is a gas and polar in nature 185. (c) Solubility increases from He to Rn
161. (d) In gaseous state the HCl is covalent in nature while in
186. (d) Xe forms maximum compounds hence it is most
aqueous solution it ionises to give H+ and C l ions reactive
162. (d) As the oxidation state of the central halogen atom 187. (b) Noble gases exhibit low chemical activity
increases, the halogen-oxygen bond becomes more 188. (d)
and more covalent. As a result the thermal stability of 189. (b) In XeOF4, Xenon is sp3d 2 hybridised and has one
the oxoacid increases. Thus, HClO4 is most stable to
heat, whereas HClO is least stable to heat. lone pair of electrons.
163. (c) The bond energy of interhalogen compounds is less 190. (a)
than the bond energy of halogens. 191. (d) The products of the concerned reaction react each
164. (d) Interhalogen compounds are not highly volatile other forming back the reactants.
1 XeF6 + 3H 2 O ¾¾ ® XeO3 + 6HF .
165. (a) ICl7. The hybridisation is (7 + 7 + 0 - 0) = 7 (sp3d3 )
2
364

198. (d) Hybridisation in

F 1
XeF4 = (8 + 4 + 0 - 0) = 6 sp3d 2
2
199. (b) XeOF4 square pyramidal
200. (c) Hybridisation of XeF2 is sp3d
192. (c) XeF2 : Xe 201. (b) XeF4 is planar
202. (a) In XeO3 the hybridisation is sp3
F
F 203. (a) XeF2 has Xe structure hence number of lone
3lp
F
pair of electrons 3
F F 204. (c) Hybridisation of XeF4 is sp3d2 and structure is square
planar
XeF4 : 205. (a) XeF2 XeF4 XeF6
Xe
Valence electrons of Xe 8 8 8
F F Electrons involved 2 4 6
in bond formation
2lp Lone pairs left 3 2 1
206. (c) Hybridisation in each case is XeF4sp3d2, XeF2sp3d,
207. (c) He is obtained during radioactive decay
F
208. (c) The geometry of XeF6 is distorted octahedral in which
F all the six positions are occupied by fluorine atoms
and the lone pair of electrons of Xe atom is present at
XeF6 : F Xe F the corner of one of the triangular faces.
F
F F
F F
Xe

F F
F
209. (b) The hybridization of XeO3F2 is sp3d and its structure
XeO3 : Xe is trigonal bipyramidal in which oxygen atoms are
situated on the plane and the fluoride atoms are on the
top and bottom.
O O
O F
O
1 lp

Hence XeF2 has maximum no. of lone pairs of electrons.

O Xe
193. (d) XeO2F2 has trigonal bipyramidal geometry, but due to
presence of lone pair of electrons on equitorial position,
its actual shape is see-saw. O
F
F 210. (b) The shape of XeO3 is Trigonal Pyramidal.
O
Xe
Xe (Trigonal Pyramidal Structure)
O O O
F O

194. (b) XeF4 + H 2O ® 2HF + XeOF2 211. (c) Argon is used in high temperature welding and other
operations which require a non-oxidising atmosphere
195. (a) No compound of He as yet been reported and the absence of nitrogen.
196. (a) No compound of Ar as yet been reported with F2 212. (b) Neon gives a distinct reddish glow when used in either
197. (c) XeF6 + 3H 2 O ® 6HF + XeO 3 low-voltage neon glow lamps or in high voltage
discharge tube.
 365

213. (c) Helium is twice as heavy as hydrogen it is inflammable MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS
but not lighter than hydrogen. Helium has the lowest
melting and boiling point of any element which makes 230. (b) 231. (a) 232. (a) 233. (c) 234. (a)
liquid helium an ideal coolant for many extremely low 235. (b) 236. (b) 237. (b) 238. (b) 239. (a)
temperature application such as super conducting 240. (c) 241. (a)
magnet and cryogenic research where temperature
close to absolute zero are needed. He is used in gas ASSERTION-REASON TYPE QUESTIONS
cooled atomic reactors as a heat transfer agent.
242. (c) At higher temperatures, dinitrogen combines with
214. (c) Coloured discharge tubes mainly contain Neon metals to form ionic nitrides.
215. (a) Breathing mixture is (O2 + He) 243. (c)
216. (a) Mixture of (He + O2) is used for asthma patient 244. (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the
217. ( b) 218. (c) 219. (d) correct explanation of assertion.

STATEMENT TYPE QUESTIONS M + HNO3 ¾¾

® MNO3 + H
(metal) (conc.) (metal nitrate) (nascent hydrogen)

220. (a) Phosphorus occurs in minerals of the apatite family,

2HNO3 + 2H ¾¾
® 2NO2 + 2H 2 O
Ca9(PO4)6, CaX2 (X = F, Cl or OH) which are main (nascent hydrogen)
components of phosphate rocks whereas arsenic and 245. (b) White phosphorus exists as P4 tetrahedral molecule
antimony are found as sulphide minerals. The increase having P-P-P bond angle 60º. Hence the molecule is
in covalent radii from N to P is greater in comparison under strain and more reactive. On the other hand red
to increase from As to Bi. phosphorus exists as P4 tetrahedra which are joined
221. (c) For nitrogen oxidation states from +1 to +4 together through covalent bonds giving polymeric
disproportionate in acidic solution only. Oxidation structure.
state of phosphorous in P2O5 is + 5 whereas in P2O5 246. (c) Bond angle of H2 S (92°) < H2O (104°31). As the
is +3 thus P2O5 is more acidic than P2O3. electronegativity of the central atom decreases, bond
222. (b) angle decreases. In the present case, S is less
electronegative than oxygen. Thus bond pairs in H2S
223. (a) Oxygen shows oxidation state of +2 in OF2. H2O which
are more away from the central atom than in H2O and
is a hydride of oxygen element of group 16 is neutral
thus repulsive forces between bond pairs are smaller
in nature.
producing smaller bond angle.
224. (c) Å Å
247. (a) 248. (a)
O O
CRITICAL THINKING TYPE QUESTIONS
O O– –O O
Ozone is diamagnetic in nature (due to presence of 249. (b) With the decrease in the electronegativity of central
atom the bond angle decreases
paired electron) and both the O – O bond length are
equal. It has a bent structure. 250. (d)
251. (b) CuSO 4 + 4NH 3 ® [Cu ( NH 3 ) 4 ] SO 4
225. (b) NH3 being basic reacts with acidic H2SO4 thus H2SO4
cannot be used for drying NH3. Blue complex due to Cu(NH 3 ) 2 +
226. (b) Physical state of iodine is different from other halogens 4
as iodine is solid, bromine is a liquid whereas fluorine 252. (b) 2NO + N2O4 ¾¾¾
250K
® 2N O
2 3
and chlorine are gases. 253. (b) The slow decomposition of HNO3 is represented by
227. (b) At 298K, ClF exits as a gas. the eqn.
228. (d) 4HNO3 ® 4NO2 + 2H2O + O2
229. (c) For statement (iii) preparation of XeF2 requires Xe in (yellow-brown)
excess amount 254. (a)
255. (c) [Fe(H2O)5NO]2+ ion is formed
673K,1 bar 256. (b) Ag+ (aq) + Cl– (aq) ® AgCl(s)
Xe ( g ) + F2( g ) ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ® XeF2( s )
( excess ) Colourless White ppt
AgCl (s) + 2NH3 (aq) ® [Ag(NH3 )2] Cl (aq)
For statements (iv)
White ppt Colourless
2XeF2(s) + 2H2O(l) ¾¾
® 2Xe(g) + 4HF(aq) + O2(g)
257. (b) NO2 and N2O4 has + 4 oxidation state for nitrogen.
6XeF4 + 12H2O ¾¾® 4Xe + XeO + 24HF + 3O
3 2 258. (c) 3CuSO4 + 2PH3 ® Cu3P2 + 3H2SO4
XeF6 + 3H2O ¾¾® XeO3 + 6HF 3HgCl2 + 2PH3 ® Hg3P2 + 6HCl
366

259. (d) SH–bond is weaker than, O–H bond. Hence H2S will 266. (c) 2F2 (g) + 2H2O (l) ® 4H+ (aq) + 4F– (aq) + O2 (g)
furnish more H+ ions Cl2 (g) + 2H2O (l) ® HCl (aq) + HOCl
260. (c) Air is liquified by making use of the joule-Thompson +1 +5 -1
effect (cooling by expansion of the gas) Water vapour 267. (d) NaClO ¾¾ ® NaClO3 + 2NaCl All statements are
and CO2 are removed by solidification. The remaining correct as evident from the reaction
major constituents of liquid air i.e., liquid oxygen and
liquid nitrogen are separated by means of fractional 268. (b) 2KMnO 4 + 16HCl ® 2KCl + 2MnCl 2 + 8H 2 O + 5Cl 2
distillation (b.p. of O2 = –183°C : b. P. of N2 = – 195.8°C) 269. (d)
261. (d) Formal charges help in the selection of the lowest 270. (c) XeF6 + 3H2O ¾ ¾® XeO3 + 6HF
energy structure from a number of possible Lewis \ Complete hydrolysis of XeF6 gives XeO3 (an
structures for a given compound. The lowest energy
explosive).
structure means the structure with the smallest formal
271. (d) (i) The first ionization energy of xenon (1, 170 kJ mol–
charge on each atom of the compound. A Lewis dot 1) is quite close to that of dioxygen (1,180 kJ mol–1).
structure is preferable when all formal charges are zero.
262. (c) From the given options we find option (a) is correct. The (ii) The molecular diameters of xenon and dioxygen are
oxidising power of halogens follow the order almost identical.
F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2. Option (b) is incorrect because it in Based on the above similarities Barlett (who prepared
not the correct order of electron gain enthalpy of O2+[PtF6]– compound) suggested that since oxygen
halogens. combines with PtF6, so xenon should also form similar
The correct order is Cl2 > F2 > Br 2 > I2. The low value compound with PtF6.
of F2 than Cl2 is due to its small size. 272. (c) 2XeF6 + SiO 2 ® SiF4 + 2XeOF4
Option (c) is incorrect. The correct order of bond
273. (c) Xenon undergo sp3 hybridization.
dissociation energies of halogens is
Cl2 > Br2 > F2 > I2. (ground
Option (d) is correct. It is the correct order of state)
5s 5p 5d
electronegativity values of halogens. Thus option (b)
and (c) are incorrect. (third excited
263. (c) The H–X bond strength decreases from HF to HI. i.e. state)
HF > HCl > HBr > HI. Thus HF is most stable while HI 5s 5p 5d
is least stable. The decreasing stability of the hydrogen In the fourth excited state xenon atom, has 8 unpaired
halide is also reflected in the values of dissociation electrons
energy of the H–X bond
H- F H - Cl H - Br H- I
135kcal mol- 1 103kcal mol- 1 87 kcal mol - 1 71kcal mol- 1
5s 5p 5d
264. (c) MI > MBr > MCl > MF. As the size of the anion 3
One s and three p orbital undergo sp hybridization.
decreases covalent character also decreases. Four sp3 hybrid orbitals form four s bonds with oxygen
265. (a) Metal halides with higher oxidation state are more atoms. They are s sp3 – p. Four pp – dp bonds are also
covalent than the one in lower oxidation state. formed with oxygen atoms by the unpaired electrons.