NPTEL – Mechanical Engineering – Continuum Mechanics

Module-3: Kinematics
Exercises

(1) Let θ0 be an angle between two line segments, dX1 and dX2 , at a point in the
reference configuration. Let θ be an angle between the corresponding line segments in
deformed configuration. Then show that the angles are related by
2dX1 · EdX2 + cos θ0 |dX1 ||dX2 |
cos θ = √ √
dX1 · CdX1 dX2 · CdX2
where E is the Green strain tensor and C is the right Cauchy-Green strain.
(2) The Lagrangian description of motion of continuum medium is given by
x1 = X1 e−t + X3 (e−t − 1)
x2 = X2 et + X3 (1 − e−t )
x3 = X 3 e t
find out the Eulerian description of the motion; velocity and acceleration in both La-
grangian and Eulerian description.

(3) The motion of continuum is defined by the velocity components v1 = −αx2 , v2 = αx1 ,
and v3 = β where α and β are non-zero constants. Then
(i) show that the motion is isochoric,
(ii) Find out the components of acceleration.

(4) Let J be determinant of deformation gradient F and C be right Cauchy-Green strain

tensor. Then show that
∂J 1
= JC −1
∂C 2
(5) Show that the acceleration field in a rigid motion has the following form:

a(x1 , t) = a(x2 , t) + ω̇ × (x1 − x2 ) + ω × (ω × (x1 − x2 ))

where ω is angular velocity vector which is an axis of skewsymmetric tensor Q̇QT .

(6) Let v, D and W be velocity field, rate of deformation tensor and spin tensor, respec-
tively. Then show that
Dv D
 
∇· = (∇ · v) + D : D − W : W .
Dt Dt
(7) Let W be a spin tensor. Then show that
Z 
v·v
Z 
(2W v + (∇x · v)v) ∂Ω = (v · n)v − n ∂Γ.
Ω Γ 2

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