SEMINAR PROPOSAL

PENYEBAB LANGSUNG KEMATIAN PASIEN GAGAL

JANTUNG YANG DIRAWAT DI RSUD ABDUL
WAHAB SJAHRANIE
SAMARINDA

Diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar

Sarjana

EFI MARINDA
1210015072

PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN DOKTER

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN
UNIVERSITAS MULAWARMAN SAMARINDA
2016

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HALAMAN JUDUL ................................................................................................ i
DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................. ii
DAFTAR TABEL DAN GAMBAR ......................................................................... iii
BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................................ 1
1.1 Latar Belakang ..................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ................................................................................................ 1
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................................. 1
1.3.1 Tujuan Umum ................................................................................................... 2
1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus ....................................................................................... ........... 3
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................................................... 3
1.4.1 Manfaat Bagi Peneliti ...................................................................................... 3
1.4.2 Manfaat Klinis .................................................................................................. 3
1.4.3 Manfaat Terhadap Masyakat ............................................................................ 3
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ............................................................................. 4
2.1 Gagal Jantung ................................................................................................... 4
2.1.1 Definisi ............................................................................................................. 4
2.1.2 Faktor Resiko .................................................................................................... 5
2.1.3 Klasifikasi Gagal Jantung ................................................................................. 8
2.1.4 Etiologi .............................................................................................................. 10
2.1.5 Patofisiologi ...................................................................................................... 11
2.1.6 Manifestasi Klinis ............................................................................................. 21
2.1.7 Diagnosis........................................................................................................... 22
2.1.8 Penatalaksanaan ............................................................................................... 30
2.1.9 Prognosis ........................................................................................................... 35
2.2 Kematian Pada Gagal Jantung ............................................................................ 35
2.2.1 Angka Kematian Akibat Gagal Jantung ........................................................... 35
2.2.2 Penyabab Kematian, Umur Kematian & Jenis Kelamin .................................. 36
BAB III KERANGKA TEORI DAN KERANGKA KOSEP ............................. 38
2.3.1 Kerangka Teori ................................................................................................ 38
2.3.2 Kerangka Konsep ............................................................................................. 39
BAB IV METODE PENELITIAN ........................................................................ 40
4.1 Desain Penelitian ................................................................................................. 40
4.2 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ............................................................................. 40
4.3 Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian ........................................................................... 40
4.4 Cara Pengumpulan Data ..................................................................................... 41
4.5 Variabel Penelitian .............................................................................................. 41
4.6 Definisi Oprasional ............................................................................................. 42
4.7 Pengolahan dan Penyajian Data .......................................................................... 42
4.8 Analisa Data ....................................................................................................... 42
4.9 Alur penelitian .................................................................................................... 43
4.10 Jadwal Pelaksanaan Penelitan ........................................................................... 44
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................... 45

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 DAFTAR TABEL DAN GAMBAR
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1.1 Klasifikasi gagal jantung berdasarkan kelainan struktural jantung atau
berdasarkan gejala yang berkaitan dengan kapasitas fungsional NYHA ................. 9
Tabel 2.1.2 Kausa gagal ventrikel kiri ...................................................................... 10
Tabel 2.1.3 Perubahan patofisiologis yang berkaitan dengan gagal jantung ............ 13
Tabel 2.1.4 Manifetasi Klinis Gagal Jantung ............................................................ 22
Tabel 2.1.4. Abnormalitas EKG Yang Biasa Ditemukan Pada Gagal Jantung ........ 24
Tabel 2.1.5 Abnormalitas Fototoraks Yang Umum Ditemukan Pada Gagal Jantung 25
Tabel 2.1.6 Abnormalitas pemeriksaan laboratorium yang sering dijumpai pada gagal
jantung ....................................................................................................................... 26
Tabel 2.1.7 Abnormalitas ekokardiografik yang sering dijumpai pada gagal jantung
.................................................................................................................................... 29
Tabel 2.1.8 Dosis Obat Yang Umum Dipakai Pada Gagal Jantung ......................... 32
Tabel 2.1.9 Dosisi diuretic yang biasa digunakan pada pasien gagal jantung .......... 35
Tabel 2.2.1 Prediktor Kematian di Rumah Sakit (Analisis Multivariat) .................. 36

DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1.1 Perubahan Hemodinamik ................................................................... 14
Gambar 2.1.2 Peningkatan Tekanan Distolik ............................................................ 15
Gambar 2.1.3 Perbandingan Jantung Sehat dan Gagal Jantung................................. 16
Gambar 2.1.4 Mekanisme Kompensasi pada Gagal Jantung .................................... 17
Gambar 2.1.5 Efek Aktivasi Neurohormonal pada Gagal Jantung Kronik .............. 18
Gambar 2.1.6 Perbedaan Tipe Hipertrofi Miokard ................................................... 20
Gambar 2.1.7 Algoritma diagnostic gagal jantung ................................................... 23
Gambar 2.1.8 Strategi pengobatan pada pasien gagal jantung kronik simptomatik . 31

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